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["ID","System","Country ","Lat ","Long ","Decade ","Hypoxia Current ","Benthic ","Fisheries ","Comment ","References ","Classification ","Photo Notes ","Video Link ","YouTube ID"]
[1,"McMurdo Sound","Antarctica",-77.85,166.651,1990,"Improved","Abundance reduced by 1/3, diversity high or higher near outfall, opportunistic polychaetes dominant",null,"McMurdo Station, a U.S. Antarctic research center, is located on McMurdo Sound within the Ross Sea in Southern Antarctica. The sound is over enriched from untreated sewage that was discharged from the McMurdo Station research center prior to 2003. The benthic population has been reduced by one third, and even more so near the outfall. In 2003, a treatment plant was built, and the system has improved since then. Bacterial mats have reduced but are still patchy.","Conlan et al. 2004; 2010; Kim et al. 2007","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[2,"Sand-mining dock-South Barbuda","Antigua & Barbuda",17.11667,-61.7,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island nation located between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Coral reefs near the sand-mining dock in South Barbuda have been found to be 90 percent covered in algae as a result of high nutrient levels, and most of the reef has died as a result. Very few people inhabit this area, so the exact source of the high nutrient levels is unknown, but likely causes throughout Antigua and Barbuda include inadequate septic systems, runoff from animal operations, and boat discharge. The dock was first observed to be eutrophic in 1990.","Goreau & Goreau, 1996; Bernal et al. 2004","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[4,"Beaufort Inlet","Australia-Western Australia",-34.459,118.888,1930,"Episodic",null,"Massive fish kills reported as early as 1936","Beaufort Inlet, also locally known as Pallinup Estuary, is an inlet located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia about 130 kilometers east of Albany. It is an important botanical area, bird habitat, and supports recreational and commercial fishing. The estuary is in a highly modified condition as a result of substantial clearing for agriculture in the watershed. Fish kills in the Beaufort Inlet have been reported nearly every decade since the 1930s. The cause of the fish kills can likely be attributed to toxic algae, temperature, and a lack of oxygen. ","Brearley, 2005","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[5,"Bellambi Gully","Australia-New South Wales",-34.407017,150.900178,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Bellambi Gully is an estuarine lagoon in New South Wales. It has been extensively modified. Sewage treatment effluent in addition to Industrial and urban runoff contribute to nutrient loads in the watershed.  Periodically, algal blooms occur due to the eutrophic conditions which have been observed since 1990.","Wollongong City Council 2007","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[7,"Cabbage Tree Basin","Australia-New South Wales",-34.088639,151.126756,1980,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"The Cabbage Tree Basin is a small body of water within a national park along the coast of Port Hacking in New South Wales. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s, causing mortality at the sea bottom. Severe deoxygenation occurs throughout the year, but complete deoxygenation in the bottom waters occurs regularly in the fall. Bottom-dwelling species typically recover within a year.","Rainer & Griffiths, 1980; Rainer & Fitzhardinge 1981","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[8,"Collie River Estuary","Australia-Western Australia",-33.295881,115.689164,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Collie River Estuary is part of the larger Leschenault Estuary in Western Australia. The bottom waters of the Collie River Estuary are often anoxic during the summer and fall when the estuary is stratified. The watershed experiences high nutrient loading from urban and industrial sources as well as agricultural sources. Agricultural sources are primarily dairy farms. The Brunswick River is a major discharger into the Collie River. It has high nutrient loads particularly in the middle and lower reaches, and blue-green algal blooms have occurred in the upper reaches. The river experienced major fish kills in 2000 and 2002 due to runoff in the summer and early fall.","Australian Natural Resources Atlas; Brearley 2005","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[9,"Culham Inlet","Australia-Western Australia",-33.902,120.074,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Culham Inlet is an extensively modified inlet in Western Australia. The inlet is eutrophic as a result of agricultural nutrient runoff and forestland clearing. Stratification plays an important role in the system's oxygen depletion.","Chuwen et al. 2009; OzCoasts","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[10,"Gippsland Lakes","Australia-Victoria",-37.889,147.971,1960,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kills","Gippsland Lakes refers to a network of lakes, lagoons, and marshes in Victoria, Australia. Harmful algal blooms and fish kills have been observed here. The region is moderately developed and receives high nutrient loads from urban and agricultural sources. Stratification of the lower lakes results in seasonal deoxygenation in the deep waters.","Gippsland Coastal Board; OzCoasts ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[13,"Huon Estuary","Australia-Tasmania",-43.26667,147.11667,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Huon Estuary is within the Huon Estuary Marine Conservation Area in southeast Tasmania and has great ecological importance. Overall, water quality is considered good, but harmful algal blooms have been observed during the summer and fall months likely due to nutrients from salmon and shellfish farms.  The estuary has a tendency to experience short-lived, localized episodes of anoxia likely exacerbated by excess nutrients. ","OzCoasts; Thompson et al. 2008","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[14,"Irwin Inlet","Australia-Western Australia",-34.992956,116.968453,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Irwin Inlet is located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. It is eutrophic as a result of nutrient runoff from agricultural sources. Dissolved oxygen measurements vary significantly between the winter and summer months as well as in the surface versus the bottom waters. Stratification is an important factor in the formation of hypoxia in the rivers associated with the inlet. The inlet supports a commercial fishery but is slowly turning into swamp land due to its shallow depth and high sediment loads.","Chuwen et al. 2009","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[15,"Moore River Estuary","Australia-Western Australia",-31.351744,115.500914,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Moore River Estuary in Western Australia is a pristine environment attracting many tourists each year. One of the Moore River's tributaries, in particular, receives high nutrient loads from its agricultural intensive watershed. Nutrient loads are very high in stormwater and groundwater flows. Algal blooms occur, but are generally not harmful. However, the occasional blue-green algae blooms in the estuary may increase in the future. The Estuary is under threat to development on the south side.","Brearley 2005","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[16,"Oyster Harbor","Australia-Western Australia",-34.984828,117.960883,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"Oyster Harbour in Western Australia supports an oyster and mussel fishing operation. High nutrient loads in Oyster Harbour are the result of nutrient runoff from agricultural sources in the watershed. Seventy percent of the harbour's drainage basin has been cleared for agriculture, with runoff entering the harbour via two main tributaries. Major nutrient loads occur after heavy rainfall. Stratification is an important factor in the formation of hypoxia.","Chuwen et al. 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[17,"Parry Inlet","Australia-Western Australia",-35.027,117.157,1990,"Seasonal","Closed harvesting due to blooms",null,"The Parry Inlet drainage basin is in the Denmark region of Western Australia. It separates Parry Beach from the Great Southern Ocean. Its catchment basin is largely cleared land under cultivation which results in high nutrient loads from agricultural runoff. The high nutrient loads entering the inlet as well as stratification cause low oxygen levels. A fish kill was observed in February 2010 during a period of low water levels and warm, calm days. Algal blooms have also resulted in shellfish closures.","Brearley 2005","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[18,"Peel-Harvey Estuary","Australia-Western Australia",-32.603767,115.717086,1970,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kills","The Peel-Harvey Estuary is a single estuarine system including the Harvey Estuary and Peel Inlet in Western Australia. High nutrient loads in the Peel-Harvey estuary are mainly the result of nutrient runoff from agricultural land and swine operations. Algal blooms and fish kills were prevalent in the 1970s and 1980s as a result of nutrient pollution. For a time, over 20,000 tones of algae were harvested off of the beaches each year. Stratification is an important factor in the formation of hypoxia. Mixing has improved conditions with the opening of the Dawesville Channel which regularly flushes the estuary using tidal flow. However, many worry that the improvements are only a temporary fix as high nutrient loading continues. Due to influx of water from the channel, algal blooms are now occurring less in the Bay, but are still prevalent upriver. "," Hodgkin & Hamilton, 1993;  Hearn & Robson, 2001; Brearley, 2005; Chuwen et al. 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[19,"Port Hacking Estuary","Australia",-34.067,151.108,1980,"Seasonal","Lower benthic secondary production",null,"Port Hacking is an estuary located 23 kilometers south of Sydney in New South Wales. The estuary receives very little industrial input and no agricultural inputs, but periods of deoxygenation have been observed in the bottom waters. This has had impacts on lower benthic secondary production. The hypoxic conditions are natural although anthropogenic changes in the estuary's hydrology have played a factor.","Rainer & Fitzhardinge, 1981","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[20,"Pumicestone Passage","Australia-Queensland",-27.076,153.151,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Pumicestone Passage is a narrow channel of water between Birbie Island and mainland Queensland. It is a protected marine park and haven for birds. Deception Bay contributes nutrients and sediment to Pumicestone Passage which also receives nutrient loading from agriculture in the catchment basin. Microalgal blooms have been observed along with macroalgal (seaweed) blooms. ","Eyre & France 1997","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[21,"Richmond River Estuary","Australia-New South Wales",-28.875367,153.588203,1990,"Episodic","Mortality of crabs, prawns, and other organisms.","Extensive fish kill, over 200,000 fish, 30 tones collected.","The Richmond River Estuary is in northern New South Wales. Its watershed is a mix of agriculture and urban land uses which contribute nonpoint source nutrient loads, as do back swamps that bring in hypoxic waters. Extensive floodplain drainage has affected the magnitude and duration of estuarine deoxygenation. Low oxygen levels have led to multiple fish kills in the estuary. One fish kill resulted in over 200,000 dead fish.","Wong et al. 2010","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[22,"Surrey Estuary","Australia-Victoria",-38.26,141.703,2000,"Episodic",null,"Mass fish kill","The Surrey Estuary in southwest Victoria is an intermittently open estuary. Hypoxic conditions arise during long periods of seasonal estuary closings. Seven months after the Surrey Estuary was closed off from the sea, there was a massive fish kill in July 2005 which killed tens of thousands of fish. The bottom stratified waters had become anoxic, and during a low-flow condition right before the fish kill, the estuary mouth opened up and caused the oxygenated upper waters to flow out.  This left only anoxic waters behind. Hypoxia is likely to get worse as a dryer climate is expected for future years due to climate change .","Becker et al. 2009","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[23,"Swan-Canning Estuary (Including Crawley and Matilda Bay)","Australia-Western Australia",-32.009278,115.816686,1950,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kills","The Swan/Avon River drains a large catchment area (121,000 square kilometers) and flows to the ocean through the city of Perth. The type of soil (sandy), land clearance, and Mediterranean climate of the region is considered to contribute to the eutrophic process. Most of the catchment area has been cleared of vegetation since European colonization in the 1800s and transformed into agricultural land with shallow-rooted/seasonal crops leading to an increase in surface runoff. Increase in urban development/population is also considered to be a leading cause of nutrient inputs into the estuary. Naturally low nutrient levels in soils in this area have resulted in applications of superphosphate. High levels of phosphorus leaching from to these applications are responsible for regular phytoplankton blooms in the Swan-Canning Estuary. Phosphorus concentrations have doubled or tripled since the 1940s. Low oxygen is related to seasonal rainfall and runoff that increases nutrient loads from developed land. A major harmful algal bloom was reported in the year 2000. ","Donohue et al. 2001; Hamilton & Turner 2001; Brearley 2005; Davies & Koop 2006 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[24,"Toby Inlet","Australia-Western Australia",-33.632717,115.141578,1980,"Episodic",null,"Fish kills","The Toby Inlet is between the town of Dunsborough and Geographer Bay in Western Australia. Eutrophication is a result of nutrient runoff from agricultural and urban lands which flow into the inlet. Eutrophic conditions coupled with the closure of the inlet mouth have led to algal blooms and formation of hypoxia which in turn have led to fish kills.  The Inlet contains a robust wetland system which helps to filter the nutrients and water, but the wetlands are reaching capacity.","Brearley, 2005; Clay, 2005","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[25,"Tuggerah Lake","Australia-New South Wales",-33.306603,151.495942,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Tuggerah Lake is a large, coastal saltwater lake in New South Wales. Harmful algal blooms have been observed here, and there is occasional short-lived low dissolved oxygen in bottom waters. A power plant discharging into the lake may cause thermal problems that lead to stratification and also contributes nutrients to the lake. Another likely factor is the increasingly urbanized drainage basin that contributes nutrients.","King, 1988","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[26,"Vasse-Wonnerup Lagoon Estuary","Australia-Western Australia",-33.63655,115.414386,1900,"Episodic",null,"Fish kills, first reported in 1905, kills now more common.","The Vasse-Wonnerup Lagoon in Western Australia is a part of the Geographer Bay catchment. The system is made up of wetlands that serve as an important habitat for water birds. The lagoon receives runoff from adjacent housing communities and agricultural sources. Low oxygen levels in the Vasse-Wonnerup Lagoon are related to closure of the estuary in early years. There are occasional low dissolved oxygen events associated with algal blooms which have occurred since the 1990s. In addition to algal blooms, fish kills and seagrass loss have been observed. ","Brearley, 2005; Government of Western Australia Department of Water, 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[27,"Wilson Inlet","Australia-Western Australia",-35,117.345,2000,"Periodic","Seagrass beds threatened.",null,"The Wilson Inlet is located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. Its catchment basin has been 60 percent cleared, leading to high nutrient loads that have in turn resulted in significant epiphytic and phytoplankton growth. The land surrounding the inlet is largely agricultural and urban. The mouth of the inlet is closed during parts of the year, playing a role in the high concentrations of nutrients remaining in the water body. Eutrophic conditions have led to a decline in seagrass beds.","Brearley, 2005; Chuwen et al. 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[28,"Bellambi Lagoon","Australia-New South Wales",-34.376589,150.920144,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Bellambi Lagoon is an estuarine lagoon in a public recreation area in New South Wales surrounded by sand dunes, wetlands, and oak swamp stands. However, it is at the mouth of a heavily urbanized catchment basin and so has been extensively impacted by nutrient loads coming from industrial and urban sources. Periodically, algal blooms occur due to the eutrophic conditions.","Wollongong City Council, 2007","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[29,"Brisbane Water","Australia-New South Wales",-33.508989,151.348778,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Brisbane Water makes up the northern arm of Booker Bay on the east coast of New South Wales. The water supports a diversity of species, including oysters, rays, sharks, and many types of fish. The catchment basin of Brisbane Water is largely industrial and residential. Nitrogen loads have been observed in high concentrations following rainfall events, but samples also suggest that nonpoint sources contribute to nutrient loads. ","Paterson et al. 2003","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[30,"Cockrone Lagoon","Australia-New South Wales",-33.490894,151.422275,2000,null,null,"fish kills","Cockrone Lagoon is located in Gosford, New South Wales. It is an intermittently open estuary with a partially developed catchment basin that has been developed into urban and suburban land uses. Low dissolved oxygen levels and high nutrient levels were measured in 2002. Algal growth is excessive and persistent, with periodic blue-green algal blooms.","Wilson & Evans, 2002","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[31,"Curalo Lagoon","Australia-New South Wales",-37.052769,149.908964,2000,null,null,"shellfish closures","Curalo Lagoon is located near Calle Bay in the town of Eden in New South Wales, separated from the bay by a narrow strip of beach. The Curalo Lagoon receives stormwater runoff from the surrounding urban areas, and harmful algal blooms have been observed here. Because of the lagoon's poor conditions, many shellfish fisheries have been closed.","OzCoasts","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[32,"Curl Curl/Harbord Lagoon","Australia-New South Wales",-33.766697,151.293494,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Curl Curl Lagoon, previously known as the Harbord Lagoon, is along the same system as Manly Lagoon, just further north along the New South Wales coastline. The lagoon was previously the site of a garbage tip, but the surrounding area has since undergone a rehabilitation. The land use in the catchment area is largely urban and industrial, and harmful algal blooms have been observed. ","OzCoasts","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[33,"Dee Why Lagoon","Australia-New South Wales",-33.7479,151.296314,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Dee Why Lagoon is within a 77 hectare wildlife refuge along the New South Wales coast near Curl Curl and Manly Lagoons. The catchment basin is largely urban, contributing nutrient loads to the lagoon which are likely the cause of harmful algal blooms that have been observed in the lagoon.","OzCoasts","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[34,"Hawkesbury River","Australia-New South Wales",-33.578644,151.255956,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Hawkesbury River is one of the major rivers of coastal New South Wales. The river and its tributaries encircle Sydney, and reach the sea at Broken Bay. The river receives high nutrient loads from highly developed, residential areas.","OzCoasts","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[35,"Lake Illawarra","Australia-New South Wales",-34.544,150.873,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Lake Illawarra is a large coastal lagoon 100 kilometers south of Sydney in New South Wales. The lake receives high nutrient loads from urban and industrial runoff which contribute to the development of harmful algal blooms.","OzCoasts","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[36,"Manly Lagoon and Creek","Australia-New South Wales",-33.784331,151.283553,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Manly lagoon is located 12 kilometers northeast of the Sydney Central Business District. The catchment area of the Manly Lagoon is 60 percent urbanized, resulting in high nutrient loads entering the lagoon from stormwater runoff. Harmful algal blooms have been observed, and the lagoon has been deemed as one of the East Coast of Australia's most polluted coastal estuaries.","Schwecke et al. 2007","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[37,"Wamberal Lagoon","Australia-New South Wales",-33.424069,151.446069,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Wamberal Lagoon in New South Wales has a largely rural catchment basin but also receives stormwater and residential runoff from an increasingly urban area. The Lagoon and surrounding area is a nature reserve and a popular holiday destination for Sydney residents.","OzCoasts","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[38,"Cam River","Australia-Tasmania",-41.039,145.84,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The industrial town of Somerset, with timber and plywood mills, sits on the Cam River Estuary in Tasmania. The area draining directly into the Cam River has been modified extensively by human activity. The primary land use of the catchment basin is agriculture. The river receives nutrient loads from agriculture and stormwater runoff, and an industrial landfill in the watershed is a cause for concern.","OzCoasts","Eutrophic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[39,"Derwent Estuary","Australia-Tasmania",-43.05,147.36667,1990,"Periodic","shellfish closure","fish kills","The Derwent Estuary is located on the coast of Hobart, the capital and most populous city of Tasmania. The estuary is one of the three largest estuaries in Tasmania and has been labeled one of the most polluted estuaries in the world. Toxic dinoflagellate blooms, a form of algae and zooplankton that can cause red tides, have been observed since 1993. In the summer, there is often low dissolved oxygen levels at the outfall of a paper mill. Ten sewage treatment plants also discharge into the estuary. Most of the estuary's urban runoff and industrial discharge loads originate from the lower Derwent River, whereas the upper Derwent River receives runoff from agricultural lands. Poor conditions in  the estuary have resulted in shellfish closures and fish kills.","Edgar et al. 2000; OzCoasts","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[40,"Don River","Australia-Tasmania",-41.16,146.335,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Don River empties into the Bass Strait in northwest Tasmania. The catchment is small and has been extensively cultivated for agriculture which has in turn resulted in high nutrient loads.","Green, G, 2001; OzCoast","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},"http://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/publications/ssr/pubs/ssr167.pdf, Oz Coasts"]
[41,"Emu River","Australia-Tasmania",-41.042,145.88,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Emu River flows from the east end of the city of Burnie and discharges into the Emu Bay and the Bass Strait in northwest Tasmania. It receives nutrient loads from stormwater and sewage loads.","Green, G, 2001; OzCoast","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[42,"Inglis River","Australia-Tasmania",-40.987028,145.738628,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Inglis River, located in northwest Tasmania and emptying into the Bass Strait, has a landfill for the city of Wynyard located at its mouth, acting as a major source of nutrients to the river. The river's larger catchment basin is largely composed of agriculture and forests. Poor water quality has been found in areas with significant clearing. ","Green, G, 2001; OzCoast","Eutrophic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[43,"Leven River","Australia-Tasmania",-41.148794,146.168428,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Leven River originates 1,000 meters above sea level and discharges into the Bass Strait on the northern coast of Tasmania. Forested areas dominate the upper reaches, agriculture dominates the middle reaches, and urban areas dominate the lower, coastal part of the Leven River. The river receives nutrient loads from stormwater and sewage loads, and is considered to be very degraded. ","Green, C, 2001; Oz Coasts","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[44,"Mersey River","Australia-Tasmania",-41.168,146.37,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Mersey River in northwest Tasmania discharges into the Bass of Strait at the city of Devonport. It receives nutrient loads from stormwater and sewage loads, predominately from the more urbanized coastal region of the watershed. The rest of the estuary's watershed is largely rural and agricultural.","Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment (Tasmania), 2001; Green, G, 2001 ","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},"http://www.environment.tas.gov.au/file.aspx?id=1834"]
[45,"Pitt Water","Australia-Tasmania",-42.849,147.615,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Pitt Water Estuary is a shallow, barrier estuary in southeast Tasmania. Increased agricultural activities in the 20th century have led to significant land clearing and fertilizer application. As a result, nutrient loads increased, algal blooms occurred, and clam and oyster populations declined.","Lewis, 2006","Eutrophic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[46,"Greenough River","Australia-Western Australia",-28.863506,114.638767,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Greenough River watershed is in a dry climate in Western Australia. It has been significantly cleared for agricultural grazing which contributes nutrient loads to the river. Periodic harmful algal blooms have been observed. ","OzCoasts","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[47,"Hutt Lagoon","Australia-Western Australia",-28.168175,114.251847,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Hutt Lagoon is a salt lake north of the mouth of the Hutt River on the coast of Western Australia. It was likely once the estuary of the Hutt River but has been sealed off from the river by a sandbar. The lagoon is a pink lake due to the presence of carotenoid-producing algae. Roughly 50 hectares of the lagoon is used as an algal farm to harvest this algae for beta carotene. High nutrient loads in the lagoon are likely predominately a result of the algae farms but farm runoff may also be a factor.","Department of Environment and Conservation, 2009","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[48,"Irwin River","Australia-Western Australia",-29.258125,114.921331,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Irwin River in Western Australia flows into the Arurine Bay in the Indian Ocean. The watershed has been extensively cleared for agricultural grazing. Harmful algal blooms have been observed.","OzCoasts","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[49,"Princess Royal Harbour","Australia-Western Australia",-35.039,117.919,1980,null,"shellfish collapse",null,"The Princess Royal Harbour is off the coast of Albany in the King George Sound. Both aquaculture and industry have caused eutrophication in the harbour. Harmful blooms of algae and macroalgae (seaweed) have been observed. Shellfish populations suffered collapse in the 1980s simultaneously with eutrophication and algal blooms.","Peterson et al. 1994","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[50,"Barbados","Barbados",13.08333,-59.61667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Barbados is an island in the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. Its waters suffer from eutrophication due to fecal matter in the water and contamination from solid waste which has affected the health of the coral reefs in the area. ","Bernal et al. 2004","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[51,"Belgian Shelf north of Ostend","Belgium",51.333,3,2000,"Unknown","Reduced nematode biodiversity",null,"The Belgian Shelf of the Atlantic Ocean, north of Ostend (Oostende), is an oxygen-stressed area. Benthic diversity has been severely reduced--only one nematode species that is well adapted to the impoverished sediment quality has been found in this portion of the shelf. ","Vanaverbeke et al. 2003","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[52,"Scheldt Estuary","Belgium",51.32598,4.272241,1970,"Improved","Reduced nematode biodiversity","Flatfish Osmerus eperlanus stressed by low oxygen. Low oxygen tolerant Anguilla anguilla and Gasterosteus aculeatus, declined with improved oxygen. Return of diadromous fish species.","The Scheldt Estuary catchment area has a high population density and is very industrialized, resulting in significant organic nutrient loads. Much of the loading is from partially untreated wastewater discharged by Belgian and French industries along the estuary. These nutrients result in hypoxic conditions up to 30 kilometers in length across part of the estuary. The water quality conditions have Improved somewhat as a result of improved wastewater treatment that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s.","Verlaan et al. 1998; Ysebaert et al. 2000; Appeltans et al. 2003; Maes et al. 2004; Soetaert et al. 2006; Buysse et al. 2008","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[53,"Chetumal Bay","Belize",18.333,-88.083,2000,"Seasonal",null,"Coral reef affected","Chetumal Bay is a large body of water that is part of the Caribbean Sea between northern Belize and eastern Mexico. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed in the past decade as a result of nutrients from untreated sewage and agricultural runoff entering the watershed. Hypoxic episodes and eutrophic conditions have affected the health of coral reefs in the area.","Isaza et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[54,"Conceição Lagoon","Brazil",-27.55,-48.45,1980,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kills","The Conceição Lagoon is situated in the center of Santa Catarina Island. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s. More recently, seasonal anoxia (severe hypoxia) has resulted in fish kills. Eutrophic conditions in the lagoon are a result of anthropogenic nutrient inputs.","Fonseca 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[55,"Guanabara Bay","Brazil",-22.7803,-43.1263,1990,"Seasonal","Mortality",null,"Guanabara Bay is a tropical estuary surrounded by the second largest metropolitan region of Brazil. It receives heavily polluted wastewater, resulting in nutrient pollution and hypoxia. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s, causing mortality at the benthic zone in the sea bottom.","Valentin et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[56,"Emboassica Lagoon","Brazil",-22.4124,-41.8228,1990,"Seasonal","Mass mortality",null,"Emboassica Lagoon (also spelled Imbossica) is an urban, coastal lagoon in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Sewage discharge into the Emboassica Lagoon has lead to eutrophication, dystrophic crisis, and anoxia. Hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s due to sewage discharge. ","Kozlowsky-Suzuki & Bozelli 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[57,"Patos Lagoon","Brazil",-31.1,-51.25,1980,"Periodic",null,"Fish kills","Patos Lagoon is a large, shallow water body in southeastern Brazil on the coast of southern Rio Grande Do Sul, an industrialized area of 3 million inhabitants. It is the largest lagoonal system in South America at 240 kilometers long and averaging 40 kilometers wide. A combination of anthropogenic and natural factors are responsible for eutrophication in the Patos Lagoon. Much of the nutrient pollution originates from agriculture, particularly from rice fields, untreated sewage, and industrial discharge. Blue-green algal blooms have been observed since the early 1980s. Hypoxic conditions have also led to fish kills in the lagoon.","Yunes et al. 1996; Marques et al. 2004","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[58,"Pina Basin","Brazil",-8.08,-34.9,1990,"Seasonal","Nematode community structure was typical of organically-enriched areas.",null,"The Pina Basin in Recife, Brazil is a shallow, restricted environment which receives large quantities of untreated sewage. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s.","Somerfield et al. 2003","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[59,"Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon","Brazil",-22.9723,-43.2122,1980,"Seasonal",null,"fish kills","Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon is located in the south zone of Rio de Janeiro. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s, frequently resulting in anoxia and fish kills.","Marques et al. 2004","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[60,"Vitoria Bay","Brazil",-20.254,-40.327,1990,"Seasonal","Abundance, species richness and diversity reduced",null,"Vitoria Bay in the Espirito Santo state of southeastern Brazil suffers from low dissolved oxygen, primarily as a result of high organic loading from municipal and industrial wastewater discharge from the roughly one million residents in Vitoria and surrounding cities.","Nalesso et al. 2005","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[61,"Barra lagoon","Brazil-Rio De Janeiro",-22.9521,-42.7723,1990,null,null,"fish kills","Barra lagoon is a part of a series of lagoons in the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil that have been polluted by nutrient runoff from agricultural, industrial, and domestic sources. Cyanobacteria blooms have been problematic in the Barra Lagoon and have led to fish kills.","Marques et al. 2004","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[63,"Saquarema lagoon","Brazil-Rio De Janeiro",-22.91667,-42.55,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Saquarema lagoon is a part of a series of lagoons in the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil that have been polluted by nutrient runoff from agricultural, industrial, and domestic sources.","Marques et al. 2004","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[64,"Sepetiba Bay","Brazil-Rio Di Janeiro",-22.97083,-43.8775,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Sepetiba Bay, particularly the northern section, suffers from eutrophic conditions. Dissolved oxygen levels are low and algal blooms are evident. Nutrient loads derive from sewage and industrial discharge from the surrounding Rio de Janeiro urban area and from suspended solid-laden water that has been diverted from a surrounding basin suffering from soil erosion.","Marques et al. 2004","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[65,"Cananeia Lagoon","Brazil-Sao Paulo",-25.06667,-47.9,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Cananeia Lagoon is in southern Sao Paulo in southeastern Brazil. It is eutrophic as a result of nutrient discharge from untreated domestic and industrial sewage into its waters.","Marques et al. 2004","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[66,"Ribeira do Iguape River","Brazil-Sao Paulo",-24.66667,-47.4,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Ribeira de Iguape River flows into the northern region of Cananéia-Iguape estuary. The estuary is located in the very industrialized state of Sao Paulo in southeastern Brazil, and covers an area of 110 square kilometers. In addition to supporting more than 30 cities, its watershed consists of forest and agricultural activities, as well as fishing, mining, and food processing. The mouth of the Ribeira de Iguape River has experienced intense eutrophication due to anthropogenic sources of nutrients. In addition, the upper reaches of the river are suffering from rapid loss of riparian forests that help to filter nutrients. ","Marques et al. 2004; Lermontov et al. 2009","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[67,"Santos Bay","Brazil-Sao Paulo",-24,-46.35,1970,{"$nulls":3},"Santos Bay is in the state Sao Paulo in Brazil. The Santos estuarine system was considered one of the most polluted sites in the world in the 1970s. The bay is eutrophic, primarily as a result of untreated sewage discharge. However, the situation is improving as a result of the Municipality of Santos's efforts to collect and treat sewage.","Marques et al. 2004","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[68,"Clam Cove","Canada",44.97,-67.013,2000,"Unknown","Reduced burrowing depth of bivalves",null,"Clam Cove is located along the beach of the Bay of Fundy between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. It is a commercial clam harvesting site but suffers from algal blooms. Algae typically covers about 30 to 40 percent of the area, and heavy algal blooms tend to remain in the same area year to year. Hypoxia develops under macroalgal mats.  These conditions have contributed to reduced burrowing depths of numerous bivalve species in the cove.","Auffrey et al. 2004; Hargrave 2005","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[71,"St. Lawrence Estuary","Canada",48.7,-68.65,1980,"Persistent",null,"Avoidance","The Gulf of St. Lawrence is the largest estuary in the world. Within the gulf is the St. Lawrence Estuary which has experienced a declining trend in dissolved oxygen levels since the 1930s. This trend is related to increased nutrient fluxes and in part to naturally occurring low oxygen conditions. Persistent hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s over an area of 1300 square kilometers, causing fish to avoid the area.","Gilbert et al. 2005; Benoit et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[72,"Tracadie & Winter Bays","Canada",46.39,-62.99,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"Tracadie and Winter Bays are located on Prince Edward Island. Extensive fish farming occurs in the area and is related to hypoxic events in the bays.","Miron et al. 2005","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[73,"Concepcion Bay","Chile",-36.7,-73.03333,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Concepcion Bay is located in the Biobío region of Chile. Within the Bay of Concepcion there are many ports important to the region and the country, such as Penco, Talcahuano, and Lirquén. Nutrients from agricultural operations and industrial discharge from fish canneries have led to eutrophic conditions in the bay. ","Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) 2005","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[74,"Pillan Fjord","Chile",-42.533,-72.55,1980,"Persistent","Bacterial mats present",null,"The Pillan fjord is a small and shallow fjord in southern Chile. It experiences seasonal stratification and bacterial mats. Fish aquaculture within the fjord has led to severe water quality problems with an estimated 60 percent of the bottom heavily polluted.","Mulsow et al. 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[75,"Port Valparaiso","Chile",-33.025,-71.61667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Port Valparaiso is one of Chile's most important seaports, located in central Chile. Nutrients from agricultural runoff and industrial discharge from fish canneries have led to eutrophication.","Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) 2005","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[76,"Bohai Sea","China",38.88333,118.41667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Bohai Sea is the innermost waters of the Yellow Sea in northeastern China. Due to the heavily urbanized coastal region and its proximity to Beijing, it is one of the busiest seaways in the world. Severe eutrophication has resulted in red tides and fish kills at the sea bottom (benthic zone). The main sources of nutrients that have led to eutrophication include agricultural runoff, sewage discharges, and industrial pollution.","Teng et al. 2005","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[77,"East China Sea Changjiang (Yangtze) River","China",31,124,1950,"Seasonal",null,null,"The East China Sea off the east coast of China flows into the Yellow Sea to the north and extends to Taiwan in the south. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River is the largest river discharging into the sea. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1950s over an area of 15,000 square kilometers as a result of nutrients discharged from the Yangtze River."," Daoji et al. 2002; Li & Daler 2004; Wang 2006; Chen et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[78,"Hangzhou Bay","China",30.43583,121.01389,1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Hangzhou Bay is an inlet of the East China Sea. It is bordered by the municipality of Shanghai and receives freshwater from the Qiantang River. The bay receives nutrient loadings from agricultural activities as well as sewage and industrial discharge.","Shengquan et al. 1993","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[79,"Ngau Mei Hoi Bay","China",22.34,114.28,1990,"Seasonal","Mortality of benthos",null,"Ngau Mei Hoi, also known as Port Shelter, is a harbor south of Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong. The Bay is characterized by hypereutrophic conditions which lead to the presence of phytoplankton blooms on the surface and low dissolved oxygen levels and hypoxia on the bottom in the summer months. Benthic mortality has resulted from hypoxic events in the Bay. Nutrient inputs into the Bay are the result of anthropogenic activities.","Ning et al. 2006","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[80,"Pearl River Estuary","China",22.568697,113.752181,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Pearl River is the second largest river in China and discharges into the Pearl River Estuary between Hong Kong and Macau and then into the South China Sea. The river is thought to be one of the most polluted waterways in the world. Hypoxia develops in its estuary periodically. As much as 20 square kilometers of the bottom can be affected by hypoxia, particularly in the summer. The area's growing population and industrialization plays a major role in the estuary's hypoxia, as does agricultural activities and fish farming.","Yin et al. 2004; Dai et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[81,"Tolo Harbor","China",22.445469,114.193528,1980,"Seasonal","Mass mortality","Mass mortality","The Tolo Harbor is located in the northeast New Territories of Hong Kong. It is almost entirely enclosed, with only a narrow opening to the open sea through Mirs Bay in the Eastern Waters. Sources of nutrient pollution include sewage, agriculture, and industry. Frequent red tide events in the harbour have resulted in hypoxic conditions at the sea bottom and mass mortality of fish and shellfish. Fauna recover rapidly each winter over the course of several months to one year. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s. Stratification and poor water circulation contribute to hypoxic conditions.","Wu 1982","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[82,"Yellow Sea","China",35.595347,122.982894,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Yellow Sea is the northern part of the East China Sea, located between mainland China and the Korean peninsula. Much of the dissolved organic nitrogen in the Yellow Sea comes from atmospheric deposition. Other sources include runoff from the increasingly urbanized coastal areas and agricultural loadings from fertilizers and manure. The sea also receives the Changjiang (Yangtze) Bay plume.","Lin et al. 2005","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[83,"Xiamen Bay","China",24.39083,118.24333,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Xiamen Bay is a commercial bay in southeastern China. The western coastline of Xiamen Bay alone has 20 sewage outfalls into the bay. Urban runoff also contributes nutrient loads, but benthic release has been identified as the main contributor to dissolved organic phosphorus. Harmful algal blooms have been observed.","Wu et al. 1992; Hong et al. 1999","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[84,"Cartagena Bay","Colombia",10.31417,-75.54806,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Cartagena Bay lies to the north of the city of Cartagena, Colombia. The bay has two entrances: Bocachica (Small Mouth) in the south, and Bocagrande (Big Mouth) in the north. Eutrophication is the result of nutrient pollution from untreated sewage, industrial discharge, and agricultural runoff. Eutrophic conditions combined with stratification have resulted in hypoxia and massive fish kills. The Bay receives 60 percent of Cartagena's domestic wastewater. Its surface waters are hypoxic and bottom waters are anoxic.","Lonin & Tuchkovenko 2001; Isaza et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[85,"Ciénaga de Tesca","Colombia",10.43417,-75.50111,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Cienaga de Tesca is a lagoon in Bolivar, Colombia. Eutrophication combined with stratification has resulted in massive fish kills. Sources of nutrient pollution include untreated sewage discharge and agricultural runoff.","Isaza et al. 2006","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[86,"Canal del Dique ","Colombia-Bolivar",10.15806,-75.5,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Canal del Dique is a manmade canal that starts in the town of Calamar and continues to the sea at Cartagena. It carries municipal wastewater from two cities and various municipal areas to Cartagena Bay. Eutrophication caused by the discharge of these wastes has affected the health of the coral reefs in the area.","Isaza et al. 2006","Eutrophic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[87,"Golfo Dulce","Costa Rica",8.615,-83.318,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Golfo Dulce (Gulf of Dulce) is a fjord-like inlet on Costa Rica's Pacific coast. The Gulf has naturally low oxygen due to a shallow sill separating it from the Pacific Ocean. Upland erosion from deforestation as well as nutrient pollution from agricultural runoff, municipal wastewater, and industrial discharges, are degrading coastal water quality and contributing to eutrophication in the gulf. ","León-Morales & Vargas 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[88,"Gulf of Nicoya","Costa Rica",9.78333,-84.8,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Gulf of Nicoya lies on Costa Rica's Pacific coast. In the rainy season, the Gulf is strongly stratified due to high freshwater loads from the rivers. As a result of stratification and eutrophic conditions, the water suffers from low dissolved oxygen levels. In the dry season, only the deep waters experience low dissolved oxygen levels. The Gulf receives nutrient loads from agriculture and municipal and industrial discharge. Unusual phytoplankton blooms have been observed.","Kress et al. 2002","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[89,"Ébrié lagoon","Côte d'Ivoire",5.221,-4.7,1980,"Unknown",null,"Fish kills, loss of biodiversity, trophic structure","The Ébrié Lagoon lies in Côte d'Ivoire, separated for most of its length from the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow coastal strip. The lagoon receives riverine inputs from the Comoë River. Abidjan and towns such as Grand Bassam, Bingerville, Jacqueville, and Tiagba lie on the lagoon. Domestic and industrial waste from the lagoon's coastal population are polluting the lagoon. Hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s. Eutrophication has resulted in fish kills, loss of biodiversity, and changes in the trophic structure. ","Ukwe et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[90,"Havana Bay","Cuba",23.13417,-82.34197,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Havana Bay in Cuba is linked to the Caribbean Sea via a narrow inlet. Untreated sewage, urban runoff, and industrial waste from the city of Havana have led to eutrophication in the bay.","Villasol & Beltran 2004","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[91,"Als Fjord","Denmark",55.028049,9.632616,1920,"Seasonal",null,null,"Als Fjord and Als Strait lie to the west of Als Island. Als Island is a Danish island that lies off the Jutland peninsula. The island is home to a thriving swine industry. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1920s over an area of 40 square kilometers. Increasing nutrient loadings were observed from the 1960s to 1970s. While Denmark has met targets for reducing point source nitrogen and phosphorus loads from wastewater treatment plants, diffuse runoff from agriculture remains the primary source of nutrients to Danish coastal waters. There is a large year to year variation due to weather. ","Gerlach 1990","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[92,"Åarhus Bay","Denmark",56.04,10.56,1920,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery","Nephtys hombergi (more low oxygen tolerant) displaced N. ciliata after hypoxic event","Aarhus Bay is in eastern Jutland at the intersection of the Baltic and North Seas. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1920s over an area of 1300 square kilometers. Low dissolved oxygen events can kill off most of the large sea creatures, although these macrofauna do recolonize within a year. Hypoxic events also cause mass mortality at the sea bottom; the area typically requires several years to recover. A specific type of benthos (Nephtys hombergi, a worm that lives at the sea bottom) displaces a related worm species (N. ciliata) after hypoxic events. While Denmark has met targets for reducing point source nitrogen and phosphorus loads from wastewater treatment plants, diffuse runoff from agriculture remains the primary source of nutrients to Danish coastal waters.","Fallesen & Jorgensen 1991; Josefson & Hansen 2004","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[93,"Belt Sea","Denmark",55.5,11,1970,"Seasonal","benthic mortality","fish kills","The Belt Sea region is located between Kattegat and the Baltic Sea. Eutrophication in the sea has drastically increased; since the 1950s, nitrogen loading increased as much as 4-fold and about 8-fold for total phosphorus. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1970s over an area of 2,150 square kilometers. The Kattegat and Belt Seas experienced fish kills and benthic die-offs in the spring of 1988 and 1992. While Denmark has met targets for reducing point source nitrogen and phosphorus loads from wastewater treatment plants, diffuse runoff from agriculture remains the primary source of nutrients to Danish coastal waters. ","Karlson et al. 2002; Ærtebjerg et al. 2003","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[95,"Flensborg Fjord","Denmark",54.831,9.788,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively.",null,"Eutrophication is of particular importance in Danish estuaries and is a causal factor in the development of hypoxia. The Flensborg Fjord is an inlet of the Baltic Sea that separates Denmark and Germany. The fjord receives high nutrient loads from riverine inputs as well as from wastewater treatment plants that discharge into the area. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s.","Josefson & Hansen 2004; Vinther et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[96,"Kattegat (NW)","Denmark",57.509,10.84,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively. benthic mortality","fish kills","Kattegat is a transition area between the brackish Baltic Sea and saline North Sea and is strongly stratified for most of the year. Since the 1950s, nitrogen loading increased as much as 4-fold and phosphorus loading increased about 8-fold. The Kattegat and Belt Seas experienced fish kills and benthic die-offs in the spring of 1988 and 1992. While Denmark has met targets for reducing point source nitrogen and phosphorus loads from wastewater treatment plants, diffuse runoff from agriculture remains the primary source of nutrients to Danish coastal waters. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s.","Ærtebjerg et al. 2003; Josefson & Hansen 2004","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[97,"Kattegat (S)","Denmark",56.139,11.516,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively. benthic mortality",null,"Kattegat is a transition area between the brackish Baltic Sea and saline North Sea and is strongly stratified for most of the year. Since the 1950s, nitrogen loading increased as much as 4-fold and about 8-fold for total phosphorus. The Kattegat and Belt Seas experienced fish kills and benthic die-offs in the spring of 1988 and 1992. While Denmark has met targets for reducing point source nitrogen and phosphorus loads from wastewater treatment plants, diffuse runoff from agriculture remains the primary source of nutrients to Danish coastal waters. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s.","Ærtebjerg et al. 2003; Josefson & Hansen 2004","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[98,"Køge Bugt","Denmark",55.502,12.363,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively.",null,"Eutrophication is of particular importance in Danish estuaries and is a causal factor in development of hypoxia. Køge Bugt is highly urbanized and lies close to Copenhagen. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1980s. While Denmark has met targets for reducing point source nitrogen and phosphorus loads from wastewater treatment plants, diffuse runoff from agriculture remains the primary source of nutrients to Danish coastal waters. ","Josefson & Hansen 2004","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[100,"Limfjord/Løgstør Bredn.","Denmark",56.942,9.074,1980,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization","Demersal fisheries gone.","The Limfjord is a shallow sound in Denmark that separates the island of Vendsyssel-Thy from the rest of Jutland Peninsula. It extends from Thyborøn Channel on the North Sea to Hals on the Kattegat. The Limfjord is heavily polluted and experiences anoxic conditions. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s over an area of 440 square kilometers. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode but recolonizes annually. Fish near the sea bottom are absent.","Jorgensen 1980; Hylleberg 1993","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[101,"Little Belt","Denmark",55.005,10.083,1910,"Seasonal",null,"fish kills","The Little Belt (Lillebælt) is a strait between the Danish island of Funen and the Jutland Peninsula. Numerous small islands are located within the belt. Increased nutrients, which have led to eutrophication, have occurred from the 1960s to 1970s. There is a large year to year variation in nutrient fluxes due to weather. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1910s over an area of 450 square kilometers. The system is stratified in the spring and summer and experiences sub-surface phytoplankton blooms. Blooms in 1983 and 1999 resulted in fish kills.","Gerlach 1990","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[102,"Mariager Fjord","Denmark",56.654,9.95,1990,"Seasonal","mortality","fish kills","Mariager Fjord lies on the northeast coast of Denmark and opens to the Kattegat. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s over an area of 20 square kilometers. The bottom waters are always anoxic but for two weeks in 1997, the anoxia reached the surface. The primary contributor to the eutrophication is agricultural runoff. Other sources include fish farms and wastewater treatment plants, although improvements are being made.","Fallesen et al. 2000; Josefson and Hansen 2004","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[103,"Nissum Fjord Inner & Middle","Denmark",56.309,8.262,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively.",null,"Nissum Fjord is located in West Jutland, west of Vemb, and is demarcated from the North Sea by a 13 kilometer wide isthmus. The whole fjord as well as some surrounding land is designated as a wildlife sanctuary and Ramsar wetland, and the fjord and its surrounding reeds and meadows have a rich variety of bird life. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1980s.","Josefson & Hansen 2004","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[104,"Nivå Bugt","Denmark",56.016,12.623,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively.",null,"Eutrophication is of particular importance in Danish estuaries and is a causal factor in development of hypoxia. Nivå Bugt is a bay located on the Zealand coast of the Øresund (a sound separating the Danish island of Zealand from the southern Swedish province of Scania). Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s.","Josefson & Hansen 2004","Hypoxic","No","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[105,"North Sea, SE","Denmark",56.1,7.2,1980,"Episodic","Mortality with annual recolonization","Stressed","A large part of the European drainage basin empties into the North Sea including water from the Baltic Sea. The largest and most important influences affecting the North Sea are the Elbe and the Rhine - Meuse watershed. Around 184 million people live in the highly urbanized/industrialized catchment area that drains to the North Sea. The southeast area of the North Sea (Wadden Sea and German Bight) abuts the Danish and German coasts. Episodic hypoxia has been observed here since the 1980s, resulting in stress on North Sea fisheries. In the benthic zone, these hypoxic episodes typically kill marine life, which recolonize on an annual basis.","Dyer et al. 1983; Josefson and Hansen 2004; Westernhangen & Dethlefson, 1983","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[106,"Odense Fjord Outer Basin","Denmark",55.506,10.554,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively.",null,"Eutrophication is particularly important in Danish estuaries because it is a causal factor in the development of hypoxia. The Odense Fjord is located on the Danish island of Funen. The Odense Fjord is shallow but receives nutrient inputs from a very large catchment area that is 80 percent agricultural. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s. Restoration practices have been in place since the mid-1980s and have helped to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus loads by a third and six fold, respectively.","Josefson & Hansen 2004; Riisgard et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[107,"Ringgård Basin","Denmark",55.027,10.438,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively.",null,"Eutrophication is particularly important in Danish estuaries because it is a causal factor in the development of hypoxia. Ringgård Basin is a depression in the Little Belt sea of Denmark.  As much as 25 percent of oxygen measurements indicate hypoxic conditions. ","Ærtebjerg et al. 2003; Josefson & Hansen 2004","Hypoxic",null,"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[108,"Ringkøbing Fjord","Denmark",56.047,8.213,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively. Oxygen depletion probably responsible for 50 percent of soft-shell clam depletion between 1999 and 2000.","Eutrophication probably to blame for dead fish found in fishing nets.","Eutrophication is particularly important in Danish estuaries because it is a causal factor in the development of hypoxia. The Ringkøbing Fjord is a shallow, artificial estuary that has been suffering from eutrophication due to increased urban and rural runoff. A river feeding into the fjord was channeled in the 1960s to provide faster runoff from agricultural areas. There is significant, reoccurring oxygen depletion during autumn and phytoplankton blooms in the summer months. Oxygen depletion is the likely cause of a  50 percent decline in soft-shell clams between 1999 and 2000.","Josefson & Hansen 2004; Nielsen et al. 2005","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[109,"Roskilde Fjord North","Denmark",55.946,11.984,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively.",null,"Eutrophication is particularly important in Danish estuaries because it is a causal factor in the development of hypoxia. The Roskilde Fjord is a branch of the Isefjord north of Roskilde. The catchment basin for the fjord is primarily agricultural which contributes most of the nutrient loading to the fjord. Wastewater has also played a significant role in nutrient pollution in the past, with untreated discharge entering the basin in the 19th century.","Clarke et al. 2003; Josefson & Hansen, 2004","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[111,"Skive Fjord","Denmark",56.617,9.083,1990,"Seasonal","Mass kills of benthic organisms during anoxic events.",null,"Eutrophication is particularly important in Danish estuaries because it is a causal factor in the development of hypoxia. The Skive Fjord is in the northwestern part of Jutland and empties into the Limfjord. Every summer, the Skive Fjord suffers from anoxic conditions in the bottom waters, resulting in anoxic sediments releasing nutrients which then trigger phytoplankton blooms. Moon jellyfish, which are tolerant of low oxygen levels, take over the area and feed on the zooplankton which would otherwise feed on the phytoplankton blooms, thus reinforcing the hypoxic conditions. Efforts have been made since the 1980s to reduce nutrient loads but hypoxia is still present every summer.","Conley et al. 2007; Josefson & Hansen, 2004; Moller et al. 2007","Hypoxic","No","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[112,"Vejle Fjord","Denmark",55.702,9.676,1980,"Seasonal","Although potentially affecting extinction, seasonal hypoxia does not seem to affect species richness negatively. ",null,"Eutrophication is particular importance in Danish estuaries and is a causal factor in the development of hypoxia. Vejle Fjord is located between Vejle and Juelsminde off the southeastern coast of the Jutland peninsula. The Vejle Fjord watershed is primarily agricultural, with much of the nutrient loading coming from livestock manure. Denmark has implemented a nutrient tax in an attempt to reduce nitrogen loadings to the fjord.","Skop & Sorenson, 1998; Josefson & Hansen, 2004 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[113,"Gulf of Guayaquil","Ecuador",-3,-80.5,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Gulf of Guayaquil extends from Salinas, Ecuador to Punta Parinas, Peru. The city of Guayaquil, the largest in Ecuador, is located on its coast. Agricultural runoff and industrial pollution from fish canneries have caused eutrophication.","Isaza et al. 2006","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[114,"Alexandria Harbour","Egypt",31.16833,29.85778,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"Alexandria Harbour is located in Alexandria, the second-largest city of Egypt, on the northeast coast. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s due to many stressors, including maritime activities, agriculture, stored fertilizers, and domestic and industrial waste. ","Dorgham et al. 2004","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[115,"Burullus Lake","Egypt",31.47639,30.85972,2000,"Seasonal",null,"Decline due to low oxygen","Lake Burullus is a shallow lagoon in the Nile delta area, which used to be fully open to the sea but now only has a small exchange. The lake receives significant nutrient loading from agriculture. Harmful algae and phytoplankton blooms have been observed in the summer. Eutrophication and low oxygen have been blamed for fishery decline.","Okbah & Hussein, 2006; Oczkowski & Nixon, 2008 ","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[116,"Edku Lake","Egypt",31.23472,30.20722,2000,"Seasonal","benthic mortality","in decline","Edku Lake is a shallow lagoon in the Nile delta area, which used to be fully connected to the sea but now only has a small exchange. The lake receives significant nutrient loading from agriculture, as well as sewage and industrial waste. Phytoplankton blooms and anoxic conditions in both bottom and surface waters are observed in the summer. Eutrophication and low oxygen have been blamed for fishery decline.","Siam & Ghobrial, 2000; Oczkowski & Nixon, 2008 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[117,"Manzalah Lake","Egypt",31.1828,32.0709,2000,"Seasonal",null,"in decline","Lake Manzalah (also Manzaleh) is a brackish lagoon in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta near Port Said. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt. The area has become hypereutrophic at times and experiences harmful algal blooms. Major sources of nutrient pollution include sewage, agricultural runoff, and industrial discharges. Manzalah receives some sewage from Cairo. Local fisheries are in decline.","Ahmed et al. 2006; Oczkowski & Nixon, 2008","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[118,"Mariut Lake","Egypt",31.1575,29.89889,1970,null,null,"in decline","Mariut Lake (also spelled Maryut or Mariout) is a brackish lagoon, with an area of about 250 square kilometers in northern Egypt. It is separated from the Mediterranean Sea by the narrow isthmus on which the city of Alexandria was built. Agricultural runoff, sewage, and domestic waste have resulted in harmful algal blooms, low dissolved oxygen levels, and domination of plankton in the lake. Mariut Lake receives all of the sewage from the city of Alexandria. Phosphorus loadings, particularly from sewage and industrial discharge, have increased 128 times throughout the late 1960s and 1970s.","Wahby & El-Moneim, 1979; Van de Ven, 1999; Oczkowski & Nixon, 2008","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[119,"Jiquilisco Bay (Puerto El Triunfo)","El Salvador",13.23333,-88.55,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Jiquilisco Bay, off the southern coast of El Salvador, receives large loads of nutrients from agricultural runoff and untreated sewage. Fertilizer use in this area is significant, and deforestation exacerbates runoff. Harmful algal blooms have been observed as a result of eutrophication.","Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) 2005","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[120,"Widemouth (Bude) Bay","UK-England",50.790336,-4.562671,1990,"Episodic","Mortality","Die-off of Nuccella lapillus and Cenebra erinacea","Widemouth Bay (Bude Bay) is located on the Atlantic coast near Cornwall, England, near the town of Bude. The bay is in the vicinity of a sewage outfall and has experienced episodic hypoxia since at least the 1990s. Two types of mollusks have experienced die-offs here: the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) and the oyster drill (Ocenebra erinacea). An estimated area of 12 square kilometers has been affected.","Gibbs et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[121,"Chichester Harbour","UK-England",50.8,-0.91667,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Chichester Harbour is situated between Chichester and Havant and is linked to Langstone Harbour to the west by a channel along the north side of Hayling Island. Hypoxia has been observed in the past decade. Chichester Harbour is listed as a Sensitive Area (eutrophic) under the EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. As a result, wastewater treatment plants are upgrading their nutrient removal processes in an attempt to reduce nutrient loads to the harbour.","OSPAR, 2003","Hypoxic","Southern Water: www.southernwater.co.uk; ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[123,"Holes Bay","UK-England",50.73333,-2,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"Holes Bay, in Poole Harbour in Dorset, has limited circulation and has suffered from nutrient pollution for decades. Improvements in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment have been made, but nonpoint source runoff remains a concern.","Wardlaw, 2005","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[124,"Humber estuary","UK-England",53.667,-0.199,1980,"Unknown",null,"Adverse effects on fish migrations.","The Humber Estuary has the largest watershed of all the British Isles with a catchment area that includes one fifth of England. It is located off the east coast of northern England. As a result, the estuary has  received municipal and industrial waste discharge from many major cities, as well as nutrient runoff from intensive agriculture, for decades. Hypoxic conditions are related to eutrophication has been observed since the 1980s.","Uncles et al. 1998; 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[125,"Langstone Harbour","UK-England",50.81667,-1,1970,"Unknown",null,null,"Langstone Harbour is an inlet in the English Channel in Hampshire. In the nine years between 1973 and 1982, 48 percent of the mudflat area was dominated by a macroalgal cover. Wastewater treatment plants are upgrading their nutrient removal processes in an attempt to reduce nutrient loads to the harbour.","Lowthian et al. 1985","Hypoxic","Southern Water: www.southernwater.co.uk",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[126,"Lindisfarne NNR Area","UK-England",55.68333,-1.78333,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Lindisfarne is located on the Northumberland coast of northeast England. There is a Lindisfarne National Nature Reserve that provides important habitat for bird populations. Nutrient runoff from surrounding agricultural areas has led to an increase in macroalgae (seaweed) which covers more than 20 percent of the intertidal area, inhibiting the growth of seagrass beds which provide food for the birds. ","English Nature 1998; OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[127,"Mersey Estuary","UK-England",53.35,-2.9,1850,"Improved",null,"With recovery fish returned, Salmon runs from 1990s","The Mersey Estuary is located in northeast England near Liverpool. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1850s over an area of 25 square kilometers. For over a century, the estuary has been polluted, historically from untreated wastewater and industrial discharge from 5 million people in a few major cities. The situation has improved recently due to nutrient management in the watershed, although one upriver location still experiences hypoxic episodes annually. Atlantic salmon began migrating to the estuary again in the 1990s.","Jones, 2006","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[128,"North Sea","UK-England",58.25,11.45,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The North Sea connects to the Atlantic Ocean by the English Channel in the south and Norwegian Sea in the north. Drainage from Norway, Denmark, Germany, England, Scotland, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France affects the North Sea. Hypoxia has been observed in the past decade. There are marginal areas of eutrophication in the North Sea, creating anoxic sea beds. Algal blooms have led to cases of shellfish poisoning. The European countries surrounding the North Sea have been working together for the past few decades to reduce pollution to the Sea.","Ducrotoy et al. 2000; Ducrotoy & Elliott, 2008","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[129,"Taw Estuary","UK-England",51.08333,-4.21667,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Taw Estuary drainage basin in Devon is dominated by agricultural land uses, predominantly pasture land. As a result, most of the nutrient load causing the eutrophication is from diffuse, agricultural sources, though there is a  wastewater treatment plant that  discharges sewage directly to the estuary as well. Phytoplankton blooms are common in the summer months during low river flow. The Taw Estuary is uniquely managed, under both an EU Nitrates Directive, which calls for reducing loads from diffuse sources, and the EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, which requires sewage treatments plant reductions.","Maier et al. 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[130,"Tees Estuary","UK-England",54.63333,-1.15,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"The Tees Estuary empties into the North Sea below Middlesbrough in northern England. The EU's Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive has classified the Tees Estuary as a sensitive, eutrophic area. The estuary has high concentrations of nutrients primarily due to the industrialization of its drainage basin.","Maier et al. 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[131,"Thames estuary","UK-England",51.501,0.079,1920,"Improved",null,"Oxygen was a limiting factor from 1900-1950, now it is not.","The Thames estuary is where the Thames River meets the North Sea in eastern England. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1920s. The situation deteriorated from 1930 to 1970, and then began to improve due to nutrient management in the watershed. Riverine inputs from the River Thames are the primary source of nutrients to the estuary. In turn, the River Thames is impaired by sewage treatment plant discharges to its surface waters; it is estimated that sewage discharges make up a quarter of the nitrogen load to the estuary. There is typically a spring phytoplankton bloom in the Thames River plume.","Wheeler 1969; Andrews & Rickard 1980; Araujo et al. 1999; Weston et al. 2008","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[132,"River Truro, Tresillian, and Fal Estuaries","UK-England",50.17028,-5.02972,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The River Truro, in Cornwall, England flows into the Fal River. A combination of nutrient pollution from agricultural runoff and municipal wastewater discharges has led to eutrophication in the river with the presence of algal blooms. The Fal Estuary is England's largest estuary and is important for maritime trade, tourism and conservation in terms of landscape, habitats and species. The estuary extends from its entrance between Pendennis Point and St. Anthony Head, 18 kilometers inland to its northernmost tidal limit at Tresillian, with a total shoreline length of 127 kilometers. The port of Falmouth lies at the mouth of the Fal estuary and is the principal port of Cornwall. The EU's Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive has classified the Fal Estuary as a sensitive, eutrophic area. The estuary experiences harmful algal blooms and has experienced outbreaks of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) which led to prohibitions against shellfish gathering in 1995 and 1996. Nutrient inputs to the estuary primarily originate from nonpoint sources such as agriculture. However, the Newham sewage treatment plant, which discharges directly into the upper reaches of the estuary, is also a significant source.","Maier et al. 2009","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[133,"Ythan Estuary","UK-Scotland",57.317022,-1.989052,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The Ythan Estuary lies in a predominantly agricultural watershed in northeast Scotland and was classified as a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone in 2000. Surface nitrate concentrations have tripled since the 1960s, about 60 percent of which was estimated to have come from increased fertilizer applications.","Raffaelli, 1999; Edwards et al. 2003; OSPAR, 2003 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[134,"Gulf of Riga","Estonia, Latvia",57.6256,23.5847,1980,"Episodic",null,null,"The Gulf of Riga, or Bay of Riga, is part of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia. It has been deemed one of the most polluted areas of the Baltic Sea. Signs of decline were visible from the 1950s, as the Gulf's watershed underwent significant industrialization, urbanization, and began applying more fertilizer to agricultural land in the region's post-war era. However, an economic recession in the 1990s reduced nutrient loads by half between 1987 and 1993. Efforts are being made to upgrade sewage treatment plants which should particularly help to reduce the phosphorus load. Episodic hypoxia has been observed in the Gulf since the 1980s, and cyanobacteria blooms have been observed in the 1990s."," Laznik et al. 1999; Karlson et al. 2002; Ojaveera & Andrushaitis, 2004","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[135,"Åland Archipelago Sea","Finland",60.289154,21.993434,1990,"seasonal","Mortality with reduced benthos","Reduced abundance, biomass, diversity under algae mats","The Åland Archipelago is located at the mouth of Bothnia Bay in the Baltic Sea. The region supports a fish farming industry which is responsible for one third of the nitrogen load and over half of the phosphorus load. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since 1990 over an area of 70 square kilometers. Algae has increased in this area since the early 1990s, resulting in reduced abundance and diversity of fish life underneath algal mats. Mortality has also occurred at the sea bottom. Storms play a part in increasing freshwater and nutrient levels in the sounds.","Norkko & Bonsdorff, 1996; Karlson et al. 2002; Nordvarg & Johansson, 2002 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9ly7JaWtRg","I9ly7JaWtRg"]
[137,"Gulf of Finland, Deep","Finland",59.82,25.5,1960,"Persistent","Reduced",null,"The Gulf of Finland, the eastern arm of the Baltic Sea, is well known as one of the most polluted and eutrophic sections of the Baltic Sea. The St. Petersburg area of 5 million residents contributes significantly to the nutrient load in the Gulf, although Russia has made improvements in reducing its nutrient load between 1980 to 2000 whereas Finland's loads have remained steady or increased slightly in the past few years. As much as 5,700 square kilometers of the sea bottom can be affected by hypoxia. The Gulf has had periods of improved conditions. Although total nutrient loads to the Gulf have reduced by 40 percent during the 1990s, the loads are still 2 to 3 times higher to the Gulf of Finland than to other parts of the Baltic Sea.","Andersin et al. 1978; Andersin & Sandler, 1991; Laine et al. 1997; Karlson et al.2002; Lundberg et al. 2005","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[138,"Inre Verkviken","Finland",60.349167,20.044722,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Inre Verkviken is a coastal inlet of northern Aland. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1970s over an area of 0.5 square kilometers. Water at a depth below 10-15 meters becomes anoxic (severely hypoxic) in late summer. The thickness of the anoxic zone varies from year to year.","Lindholm, 1996","Hypoxic","No","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[139,"Neva Estuary","Russia",59.932692,30.152958,1990,"Seasonal","Reduced biodiversity",null,"The Neva Estuary is in the eastern Gulf of Finland and is one of the most eutrophic areas of the Baltic Sea due to nutrient inputs from wastewater, shipping, and recreation, as well as commercial fishing pressures. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s over an area of 300 square kilometers. A daily cycle of low oxygen is related to drift algae decomposition.  Roughly 25 percent of bottom area is covered by algae.","Karlson et al. 2002; Berezina, 2008; Gubelit & Berezina, 2010 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[141,"Arguenon Bay","France",48.6,-2.21667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Arguenon Bay lies on France's Brittany coast. The main anthropogenic sources of nutrients to the watershed include fertilizer, sewage effluent, and hog, cattle, and poultry manure. Eutrophication has resulted in algal blooms. ","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[142,"Authie Bay","France",50.36667,1.58333,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Authie Bay is an estuary located between Somme and the Pas-de-Calais in northern France in the eastern part of the English Channel. Its watershed is primarily agricultural, supporting the breeding of dairy cattle. Sediments at the bay's bottom have been found to be anoxic.","Billon et al. 2002; OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[143,"Bay of Douarnenez","France",48.109884,-4.334102,1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Bay of Douarnenez is located at the mouth of the Pouldavid Estuary. It is often affected by drifting green algal blooms and toxic blooms of phytoplankton. The French toxic phytoplankton network has observed the Bay to be the most commonly affected of all the sites they have monitored since 1983. The lack of current in the Bay contributes to the severity of symptoms observed in the Bay.","Merceron & Morand, 2004","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[144,"Frenaye Bay","France",48.637969,-2.294611,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Frenaye Bay is located off the coast of Brittany, France. Macroalgal blooms have occurred since the 1990s. ","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[145,"Lannion Bay","France",48.731479,-3.555318,1970,{"$nulls":3},"Green tides along the Brittany Coast of France have been seen since the 1970s in Lannion Bay and St. Brieuc Bay. Lannion loses hundreds of tons of sand per year due to trucks removing the algae. Piles of algae washed up on the beach of Lannion have reached one meter high. Causes of eutrophication and green tides on the Brittany coast are mainly agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and fish farms.","Charlier et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[146,"Bay of Morlaix","France",48.654292,-3.877254,1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Bay of Morlaix is located on the Brittany coast of France. Green tides are common along the Brittany Coast of France and have been here since the 1970s. Causes of eutrophication and green tides on the Brittany coast are mainly agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and fish farms.","Charlier et al. 2007","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[147,"St. Brieuc Bay","France",48.63333,-2.66667,1970,{"$nulls":3},"Green tides along the Brittany Coast of France have been seen since the 1970s in Lannion Bay and St. Brieuc Bay. Green algae so commonly washes up on shore throughout the summer such that beaches are often out commission for vacationers. Causes of eutrophication and green tides on the Brittany coast are mainly agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and fish farms.","Charlier et al. 2007","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[149,"Bay of Vilaine","France",47.5,-2.45,1980,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality","Mass mortality","The Bay of Vilaine in Brittany is vulnerable to eutrophic conditions and hypoxic events in the summer. A combination of freshwater flooding, a phytoplankton bloom, and excess nutrients led to an anoxic event in July 1982 that resulted in a massive kill of fish and benthic invertebrates.","LeBris & Glemarec, 1995; Menesguen et al. 2001; Guillaud et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[150,"Bassin d'Arcachon","France",44.7,-1.15,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Arcachon Bay (Bassin d'Arcachon) is a semi-enclosed embayment situated on the east coast of the Bay of Biscay (France) below the Gironde estuary. The flux of nitrogen into the Bassin d'Arcachon has increased by more than 50 percent since the 1970s. The Bay experiences annual phytoplankton blooms which are heavily influenced by the dynamics of adjacent oceanic waters. In the bay there are several fish 'reservoirs,' man-made enclosures designed for extensive aquaculture,  where water renewal is only possible during certain periods. As a result of the shallowness and the confined nature of these fish ponds, acute effects of eutrophication are observed in summer.","Castel et al. 1996; OSPAR, 2003; Glé et al. 2008","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[151,"Bay of Veys ","France",49.382955,-1.100046,2000,null,"shellfish mortality",null,"The Bay of Veys is in the western part of the Bay of Seine within the English Channel. Its watershed is heavily agricultural, resulting in high nutrient loads and eutrophic events that cause shellfish mortality.","Dausse et al. 2005","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[153,"Boulogne Port","France",50.730124,1.573992,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Boulogne, off the coast of Pas-de-Calais in the city of Boulogne-sur-Mer, is the most important fishing port in France. It is located at the mouth of the river Liane near the Dover Straight. It is facing depletion of fish stocks, with water pollution likely playing a role. The beach at Boulogne has been considered the most polluted in France.","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[154,"Bay of Brest","France",48.33333,-4.5,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Bay of Brest in Brittany is facing eutrophic conditions from high nutrient loading from freshwater rivers. The nitrate load has doubled since the 1970s as a result of agricultural runoff, urban sewage, and industrial inputs. Maerl beds, harvested and used as fertilizer, have been impacted by eutrophication; two maerl beds have been killed in the Bay of Brest, both of which were situated directly under sewage outflows.","Le Pape et al. 1996","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[155,"Calais Port","France",50.96139,1.845,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Calais is located on the coast of Pas-de-Calais in northern France on the Strait of Dover. It is a very industrialized area receiving discharge from wastewater treatment plants.","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[156,"Canche Estuary","France",50.55,1.55,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"The Canche estuary is in Pas-de-Calais, France on the eastern end of the English Channel. Severe eutrophic conditions are related to intertidal foam accumulation derived from phytoplankton bloom organic matter. ","OSPAR, 2003; Desroy & Denis, 2004; Schöl, 2007","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[158,"Dunkerque","France",51.05,2.36667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Dunkerque (Dunkirk) lies on the coast of Pas-de Calais. It is the third largest harbour in France, after those of Le Havre and Marseilles. It is also an industrial city, heavily dependent on the steel, food processing, oil refining, ship building, and chemical industries; it is home to over 200 factories that discharge to its surrounding waters. Hypoxia has been observed in the past decade.","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[159,"Étang de Berre (Berre Lagoon)","France",43.45,5.133,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Étang de Berre is a lagoon adjacent to the Mediterranean to the west of Marseille. The lagoon receives substantial nutrient inputs from a nearby power plant which discharges to the lagoon, as well as from riverine sources (the Arc, Touloubre, and La Cadière-d'Azur rivers as well as the Canal de la Durance). Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1970s over an area of 132 square kilometers. Benthos have disappeared and eel grass beds have been negatively impacted as well. ","Stora & Arnoux, 1983","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[161,"Loire Estuary","France",47.2,-1.9,1990,"Seasonal",null,"Mortality of migratory species, mortality of mullet Liza ramada","The Loire Estuary is located at Saint Nazaire in Pays de la Loire. The port of Saint Nazaire is at the mouth of the Loire, which is the longest river in France. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s, resulting in the mortality of migratory species, particularly the thinlip mullet.","Thouvenin et al. 1994; Abril et al. 2003 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[162,"Lorient","France",47.68333,-3.38333,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Lorient is a seaport in Brittany. The Blavet and Scorff rivers enter the ocean here. A red algae has colonized in the entire intertidal zone of Lorient, and nutrient concentration sampling indicates eutrophication.","Simon et al. 2001","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[163,"Étang du Prévost (Prévost Lagoon)","France",43.527,3.914,1970,"Periodic","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization in 1990s","Reduced aquaculture production","The Étang du Prévost (Prévost Lagoon) lies on France's Mediterranean coast. The lagoon suffers from extreme eutrophication as a result of agricultural and urban runoff. Bacterial blooms occurred here in 1976, and periodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s, resulting in decreased aquaculture production in the area and increased macroalgae (seaweed). Mass mortality has also occurred at the sea bottom (benthic zone), and the benthos require several years to recover from a hypoxic episode.","Caumette & Baleux 1980; Guyoneaud et al. 1998; Reijs et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[164,"Seine Estuary","France",49.437379,0.233466,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Seine Estuary, the largest estuary in the English Channel, receives freshwater from the Seine River, France's second longest river which flows through Paris. The vast majority of the watershed has been cultivated and developed. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s. Oxygen deficiency is related to incomplete treatment of effluents from Paris. The situation is currently worsening as the dissolved oxygen levels are declining, but after nearly 100 years of no salmon migration up the Seine River, the France National Federation for Fishing has observed salmon returning to the Seine in 2009.","Garnier et al. 2001","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[165,"Baie de Somme (Somme Bay)","France",50.22761,1.555351,1980,"Episodic","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery","Collapse of cockle fishery","The Somme Estuary, in the English Channel, receives freshwater from an agricultural drainage basin and maintains natural characteristics surrounding the Bay. Eutrophication first became apparent here in 1982. Hypoxia has affected up to three square kilometers of the Bay's bottom and has led to the collapse of the cockle fishery and mass mortality at the sea bottom (benthic zone). The benthic zone requires several years to recover from a hypoxic episode.","Desprez et al. 1992","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[166,"Thau Lagoon","France",43.403,3.609,1990,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality","Mortality/Reduced shellfish production","Thau lagoon, on the French Mediterranean coast, faces anthropogenic pressures from rapid urban development in the watershed. Aquaculture (oyster and mussel farming) is one of the main economic activities in the area. During the last decade, the increasing organic loads from the surrounding watershed and urban settlements in the lagoon surroundings have caused eutrophication. Toxic algal blooms and seasonal hypoxia have been observed here since the 1990s, resulting in mass mortality at the sea bottom (benthic zone), some fish mortality, and reduced shellfish production. ","Mazouni et al. 1996; Souchu et al. 1998; Chapelle et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[168,"Eckernförde Bay","Germany",54.5,10,1910,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization","Mass mortalities 1875, 1931, 1936-37","Eckernförde Bay is a bay in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany on the coast of the Baltic Sea. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1910s. Hypoxia is prevalent, and anoxic events sometimes occur in late summer. Phytoplankton blooms are most common in the fall and spring and occur at times in the summer. Marine life at the sea bottom (benthic zone) experiences an annual \"boom and crash\" cycle. Mass fish mortalities were observed here in 1875, 1931, and 1936-37.","Brongersma-Sanders, 1957; D'Andrea et al. 1996; Gerlach, 1990; Bentley & Nittrouer 1999; Bange et al. 2010 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[169,"Elbe Estuary","Germany",53.8,9.1,1980,"Improved",null,"Larval and juvenile fishes less able to escape low oxygen and result in mortality ","The Elbe Estuary, situated on the coast of the Wadden Sea, is polluted primarily as a result of poorly treated sewage and industrial effluent. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s and has affected as much as 65 square kilometers of the sea bottom, resulting in mortality of larvae and juvenile fishes that are unable to escape areas with low dissolved oxygen. The area has improved recently due to nutrient management in the watershed.","Tent. 1987; Thiel et al. 1995","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[170,"German Bight","Germany",54.7,7,1980,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization","Mortality","German Bight is the southeastern bight of the North Sea bounded by the Netherlands and Germany to the south, and Denmark and Germany to the east (the Jutland peninsula). Since the early sixties, phosphate concentrations rose for about a decade, leveling off to about twice the former concentrations for another decade, and then decreasing (since 1982) as a result of phosphate-reducing measures. Nitrate concentrations, however, have only increased since 1980, following Elbe river flood events. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s over an area of 15,000 square kilometers, resulting in fish mortality. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode but recolonizes annually.","Dethlefsen & Westernhagen, 1983; Brockilometersann et al. 1988;  Niermann et al. 1990","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[171,"Hohwacht Bay","Germany",54.33,10.703,1910,"Episodic",null,"Fish killed in nets","Hohwacht Bay is located in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany east of Kiel fjord. Eutrophication has been present in the Hohwacht Bay since the early 20th century, with large year-to-year variations due to weather. The high nutrient concentrations are from a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Episodic hypoxic events have resulted in fish kills.","Gerlach, 1990","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[172,"Kalifornien & Schoenberger Strand","Germany",54.44,10.395,1920,"Episodic",null,"Fish kills","The Kalifornien and Schoenberger Strands, or beaches, are located near Kiel on the Baltic Sea. Eutrophication has been observed since the 1920s, with particularly high nutrient loads from the 1960s and 1970s. The severity varies from year to year depending on the weather. Nutrients come from a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Recent episodic events have resulted in fish kills.","Gerlach, 1991","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[173,"Kiel Bay","Germany",54.566764,10.667408,1960,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization","Stressed, fish migrate to shallow water.","The Bay of Kiel is a bay in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany and the islands of Denmark. It is connected with the Bay of Mecklenburg in the east, the Little Belt in the northwest, and the Great Belt in the North. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1960s over an area of 890 square kilometers, resulting in stress on fisheries. Marine life at the sea bottom (benthic zone) dies off with each hypoxic episode but recolonizes annually.","Arntz 1981; Rumohr 1986; Weigelt & Rumohr 1986; Oeschger & Storey 1990; Weigelt, 1990; 1991  ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[174,"Lübeck Bay","Germany",54.03,10.883,1960,"Seasonal","No fauna below 20 m.",null,"The Bay of Lübeck is a basin in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of the German departments Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. It forms the southwestern part of the Bay of Mecklenburg. While wastewater treatment improved in the 1980s, the bay still experiences low oxygen problems. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1960s.","Gerlach, 1990","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[175,"Mecklenburg Bay","Germany",54.2,11.2,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Bay of Mecklenburg is a long narrow basin making up the southwestern finger-like arm of the Baltic Sea, between the shores of Germany to the south and the Danish islands of Lolland, Falster, and Møn to the north, the shores of Jutland to the west, and joining the largest part of the Baltic to the east. The Bay of Mecklenburg, which includes the Bay of Wismar and the Bay of Lübeck, connects to the Bay of Kiel in the northwest. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1980s over an area of 1,860 square kilometers.","Karlson et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[176,"Pomeranian Bay","Germany",54.3,14,1990,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery","Amphipods disappeared from hypoxic zones","The Bay of Pomerania or Pomeranian Bay is a basin in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Poland and Germany. In the south it is separated from the Oder Lagoon in the mouth of the Oder River by the islands of Usedom/Uznam and Wolin. The west is limited by the German island of Rügen. To the north is a Danish island, Bornholm. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since 1994 over an area of 390 square kilometers. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode and requires several years to recover. Amphipods (shrimp-like crustaceans) have disappeared from the hypoxic zones. Hypoxia is thought to be induced by eutrophication as well as meteorological and hydrographic conditions.","Powilleit & Kube, 1999; Karlson et al. 2002 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TxesHoBz0M; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","4TxesHoBz0M; GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[177,"Rhine River","Germany",51.829,6.284,1950,"Improved",null,"River described as almost lifeless in 1960s","The Rhine is the longest river in Germany. Industry heavily polluted the river prior to the 1980s, resulting in anoxic conditions. Nutrient reduction efforts, including transitioning from heavy to light industry, and reforesting degraded lands have led to improvements in water quality.","Anonymous 2006","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[178,"Wismar Bay","Germany",54,11.5,1980,"Episodic","Mortality with reduced benthos","Stressed","Wismar Bay (Wismarbucht) is a well sheltered multi-sectioned bay in the southwestern Baltic Sea. It is considered the south-central part of the much larger arm of the Baltic known as the Mecklenburg Bay. Episodic hypoxia has been observed here since the 1980s, resulting in stress on Wismar Bay fisheries. Organisms in the benthic zone have experienced mortality with a decrease in numbers. Anoxia and hydrogen sulfide have been observed under macroalgal mats. ","Prena, 1995a, 1995b; Gamenick et al. 1996 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[179,"Ems Estuary","Germany, Netherlands",53.422317,6.955161,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"The Ems Estuary discharges into the Wadden Sea, part of the North Sea, past the Dutch town of Delfzijl. High riverine nutrient inputs to the estuary have led to eutrophication and low oxygen events between April and November. Hypoxia has been observed in the estuary in the past decade.","OSPAR, 2003; LOICZ-Ems, 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[180,"Weser Estuary","Germany, Netherlands",53.3333,8.56667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Weser river flows through Lower Saxony before emptying into the Wadden Sea, part of the North Sea, at Bremerhaven, a Dutch seaport. High riverine nutrient inputs to the estuary have led to eutrophication in the past decade.","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[181,"Oder Lagoon","Germany, Poland",53.786113,14.3,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Oder Lagoon, also known as Szczecin Lagoon, is a lagoon in the Oder estuary, shared by Germany and Poland. It is separated from the Pomeranian Bay of the Baltic Sea by the islands of Usedom and Wolin. The lagoon is subdivided into the Kleines Haff (\"small lagoon\") in the West and the Wielki Zalew in the East. The lagoon suffers from heavy pollution, mainly from the Oder river, resulting in eutrophication. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s.","Pohl et al. 1998","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TxesHoBz0M; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","4TxesHoBz0M; GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[182,"Bornholm Basin","Germany, Sweden, Finland",55.050353,15.213575,1950,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery","Mortality of cod eggs","Bornholm Basin is the area east of the Danish island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1950s over an area of 6,793 square kilometers. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode and requires several years to recover.  Mortality of cod eggs have been observed in the basin. Hypoxia is the result of eutrophication and lack of bottom water renewal.","Tulkki, 1965; Leppakoski, 1969; Nissling & Vallin, 1996; Karlson et al. 2002; Andersson, 2007","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[183,"Chemu lagoon","Ghana",5.633,0.017,1980,"Unknown","Mass Mortality",null,"The Chemu Lagoon is part of the Gulf of Guinea system. It is extremely polluted due to industrialization. Hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s, caused by domestic waste, fish processing, and other industrial discharge along the coast. Mass mortality has been observed at the sea bottom.","Ukwe et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[184,"Fosu Lagoon","Ghana",5.1075,-1.2581,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The Fosu Lagoon is the primary lagoon providing water supplies to the Cape Coast Municipality District in southern Ghana. It was labeled a dead zone by the United Nations Environment Program in 2006, but hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s. Sources of nutrient pollution include residential wastewater, industrial discharge from a mechanical workshop, hospital, and college, and household dumping.","Blay & Dongdem, 1996; Quagraine & Adokoh, 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[185,"Korle lagoon","Ghana",5.535,-0.2195,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Korle Lagoon, located in Accra, Ghana near the Gulf of Guinea, has been called one of the most polluted bodies of water on earth. It transformed from a once sacred, scenic, natural area supporting fisheries prior to the 1950s to a virtually dead ecosystem. It suffers from direct discharges of untreated sewage and industrial waste. The lagoon is the only outlet for all drainage from the city of two million people. Although a trash system is in place in the city, it cannot handle all waste, so residents and industries dump garbage in open spaces, down storm drains and streams, and the city even once used the shores as a refuse dump. Hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s and mass mortality has been observed for most aquatic life in the lagoon.","Boadi & Kuitunen, 2002; Ukwe et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[186,"Lagos Lagoon","Nigeria",6.4025,3.3988,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Lagos Lagoon is part of a network of lagoons and creeks meandering through the southwestern Nigerian coast. It serves as the drainage for Lagos, a region of 15 million inhabitants, most of which reside along the coast. The lagoon suffers from eutrophication which has led to blooms of a wide variety of blue-green algae. Sources of nutrient pollution to the lagoon include untreated industrial discharge, municipal sewage, and nonpoint source runoff from the land during rain events. Hypoxia has been observed in the bottom waters during the dry winter months.","Abe et al. 2003; Alo et al. 2010","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[187,"Alyki Kitrous Lagoon","Greece",40.365,22.64,1990,"Seasonal","Meiofauna reduced",null,"The Alyki Kitrous Lagoon is in the Axios River delta region of the Aegean Sea. It is an eutrophic, hyperhaline lagoon. Hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s due in part to the hyperhaline environment in the lagoon. Small organisms at the sea bottom have been reduced as a result of the lack of oxygen. The lagoon and surrounding wetlands are an important area for conservation, serving as a breeding ground and habitat for many birds and tortoises. The ecosystem is being threatened by illegal development. ","Doulgeraki et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[188,"Elefsis Bay","Greece",38.0176,23.5335,1970,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"Elefsis Bay is an almost enclosed body of water in the Gulf of Saronikos. Most of its pollution is from industrial facilities, including steel manufacturers, oil refineries, and shipyards on its shores. It also receives sewage discharge from Athens. The first observed hypoxic episode in Elefsis Bay was in 1973. By the 1980s, the bay was subject to seasonal hypoxia over an area of 67 square kilometers. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode but recolonizes annually.","Friligos, 1983; Friligos & Zenetos. 1988; Theodorou, 1996","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[189,"Gialova Lagoon","Greece",36.97,21.67,1990,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"The Gialova Lagoon is located in the Ionian Sea. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s over an area of 2,500 square kilometers. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode but recolonizes annually. There is limited exchange of oxygen and marine life with an adjacent lagoon.","Arvanitidis et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[190,"Piges","Greece",40.87,24.65,1990,"Unknown","Meiofauna reduced",null,"The Piges lagoon is situated on the north coast of Greece near Alyki and Vassova lagoons. Anoxia and dystrophia crises occur in the very productive and eutrophic Piges lagoon. Hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s, reducing the levels of small invertebrates at the sea bottom.","Doulgeraki et al. 2006","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[191,"Lake Vistonis","Greece",41.007,25.145,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Lake Vistonis is a shallow eutrophic lake in Northern Greece in the center of a complex wetland system. It is an important nursery and feeding area for fish. However, some of the wetlands have been drained for agriculture, and the lake receives nutrient loading from agriculture and suffers from low dissolved oxygen levels.","Koutrakis et al. 2004","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[192,"Estero la Jagua","Honduras",13.2,-87.4,1990,"Unknown",null,"Fish kills, decline in artisanal fishery of all species, lower CPUE","The Estero la Jagua is an estuary of the Gulf of Fonseca. Hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s due in part to shrimp farming in the region. As a result of fish kills and shifts in the trophic structure, local, small-scale (artisanal) fisheries have declined.","Ward, 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[193,"Kadinamkulam Backwaters","India",8.616567,76.817303,1990,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality, reduced species richness",null,"Kadinamkulam Backwaters are adjacent to the coast of Kadinamkulam, Kerala in southwest India. It is home to a flourishing coir industry, with about half a million people employed in retting coconut husks into fibers which supplies 90 percent of the world's coir. The industry has taken over many sections of the estuary, polluting it with organic materials, destroying flora and fauna, and resulting in stagnant cesspools. The estuary now suffers from anoxic conditions and a low diversity of marine life.","Nandan & Azis, 1995","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[194,"Western Indian Shelf","India",15.5,73.7,1950,"Seasonal",null,null,"Observations made off the coast of Goa in western India on the Indian continental shelf found naturally occurring hypoxia due to upwelling to occur annually. In the late 1990s, nutrients from anthropogenic sources and eutrophication may be lowering dissolved oxygen and expanding this oxygen minimum zone.","Banse, 1959; Naqvi et al. 2000; 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[195,"Jakarta Bay","Indonesia",-6.05806,106.80889,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Jakarta Bay is a bay north of North Jakarta city. There are 13 rivers flowing into the bay and the majority of the bay's coastal communities consist of people living below the poverty line, in conditions of poor sanitation. Nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff, industrial pollution, and wastewater have led to eutrophication. Harmful algal blooms have been observed.","UNESCO; http://www.unesco.org/csi/pub/papers/mega8.htm","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[196,"Caspian Sea, Iranian Bank","Iran",37.357,53.908,1920,"Unknown",null,null,"The hypoxic zone of the Caspian Sea falls under the territory of four countries: Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. Persistent hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s, causing mortality at the sea bottom and reducing the amount of marine life in these areas. The hypoxia is exacerbated by discharge from the Volga River (Russia) which contributes between 77 and 94 percent of nutrients to the sea, whereas Iranian rivers only contribute 4 to 5 percent of the volume. Higher volumes of discharge cause low dissolved oxygen in deep areas of the sea.","Dumont, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[197,"Ardbear Salt Lake","Ireland",53.467,-10,1990,"Seasonal","Almost complete absence of macrofauna, deep burrowing species eliminated. Beggiatoa present.","Serpula reefs were present in 1970s","Ardbear Salt Lake is a brackish lagoon with a narrow connection to Ardbear Bay on the west coast of Ireland. Hypoxia was first observed in 1998, when the system was hypoxic from July 1998 to March 1999. The lake is naturally vulnerable to hypoxia due to its shallow depth, thermal stratification in the calm, summer months, and very productive plankton blooms. In the bottom waters (benthic zone) there is an almost complete absence of macrofauna and deep, burrowing species have been eliminated. ","Henry et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[198,"Argideen Estuary","Ireland",51.64556,-8.76778,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Argideen Estuary, which flows into the Courtmacsherry Bay in West Cork, is believed to be eutrophic based on assessments conducted by Ireland's Environmental Protection Agency which concluded that because of the unusual abundance of green algae that accumulates annually, the estuary is likely eutrophic. The estuary receives excess sewage from nearby towns and is regarded as a prime fishing location.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[199,"Bandon Bay","Ireland",51.67306,-8.50333,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Bandon Bay is located in Cork in southwest Ireland. The Bandon River empties into Kinsale Harbor within the bay. The dissolved oxygen (DO) deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999. Ireland's Environmental Protection agency assessed upper and lower Bandon Bay as being eutrophic since at least 1995.","Clabby et al. 2008","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[200,"Barrow Estuary","Ireland",52.23583,-6.96,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Barrow River is the second longest river in Ireland. It empties into the Barrow/Suir/Noire Estuaries in southern Ireland at Waterford Harbor. The dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999, but as of a 2004-2006 assessment, the estuary has improved but is still vulnerable to potential eutrophication.","Clabby et al. 2008","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[201,"Blackwater Estuary","Ireland",52.42583,-6.31556,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Blackwater Estuary is the estuary of the Essex River Blackwater and located on the Essex coast of southeast Ireland. It has historically been a popular location for oyster harvesting and salt production. The area includes a national nature reserve and is important for wildlife habitat. The upper and lower Blackwater Estuary is eutrophic.","Clabby et al. 2008","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[202,"Boyne Estuary","Ireland",53.716667,-6.231389,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Boyne Estuary is considered potentially eutrophic due to macroalgal abundance in the form of green algal mats, but more research is needed to confirm this status.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[203,"Broadmeadow Estuary, inner","Ireland",53.4652,-6.165596,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Broadmeadow Estuary is located in Dublin County at Malahide. It serves as an important bird sanctuary. The dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999. The inner estuary receives high nutrient loadings both directly and through riverine inputs. Broadmeadow is a high priority for restoring because of its popularity as a location for water sports and other recreation.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[204,"Cashen Feale Estuary","Ireland",52.48,-9.65722,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Cashen Feale Estuary is located at the mouth of the Feale River in Kerry, Ireland. It was eutrophic in the 1990s, and the dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999. In a 2000-2003 assessment, the estuary was classified as improved, although exceedingly high chlorophyll levels were still observed in the Cashen.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[205,"Castletown Estuary","Ireland",53.985,-6.22056,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Castletown Estuary is in northeast Ireland, with the urban area of Dundalk located on its southern shores. A wastewater treatment plant discharges into the Inner Dundalk Bay and greater Castletown Estuary, contributing to high nutrient concentrations. Activities in the port of Dundalk also likely contribute to the nutrient loading. The dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999. In addition to high nutrient loads, the estuary exceeds chlorophyll thresholds and suffers from low dissolved oxygen levels.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[206,"Colligan River","Ireland",52.10444,-7.63667,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Colligan River is located in the southeast corner of Ireland in County Waterford. The estuary is affected by the urban area of Dungarvan and oyster aquaculture. The dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999, but the system has since improved. ","Toner et al. 2005","Improved",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[207,"Deel Estuary","Ireland",52.635425,-9.005614,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The River Deel enters the Shannon Estuary in County Limerick at Askeaton. The Deel Estuary has high nutrient concentrations but does not suffer from low dissolved oxygen or chlorophyll issues.","Toner et al. 2005","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[208,"Donegal Bay","Ireland",54.554,-8.506,2000,"Improved",null,null,"Donegal Bay is Ireland's largest bay in northwest Ireland. Episodic hypoxia was observed within the past 10 years. Harmful algal blooms resulted in low dissolved oxygen levels, but conditions have since improved.","Silke et al. 2005; O'Boyle et al. 2009","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[209,"Dungarvan Harbor","Ireland",52.06806,-7.57806,1990,"Eutrophic","Oyster mortality",null,"The Dungarvan Harbor is located at the mouth of the Colligan River in County Waterford. The dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999. As of the early 2000s, the harbor has been deemed unpolluted by Ireland's Environmental Protection Agency. However, mass mortalities of oysters occurred in 2003 and 2004, likely a result of high water temperatures and eutrophication. Agriculture is a primary source of nutrients to Dungarvan Harbor. ","Toner et al. 2005; Malham et al. 2009","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[210,"Fergus Estuary","Ireland",52.7011,-9.00167,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Fergus and Shannon Estuaries form the largest estuarine complex in Ireland. Eutrophication has been documented but not quantified here. Although there have been elevated phosphate levels, there's been no chlorophyll or dissolved oxygen disturbance. The dissolved oxygen (DO) deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999.","OSPAR, 2003; Toner et al. 2005","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[211,"Killybegs Harbour","Ireland",54.63333,-8.43333,1990,"Improved",null,null,"Killybegs Harbor is located in northwest Ireland in county Donegal. It has been classified as improved, although it still suffers from deoxygenation in its bottom waters. The dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999. Oxygen deficiency is likely a result of Killybeg's sewage treatment plant and a fish processing industry. In addition, the harbor is relatively stagnant, experiencing very little flushing or tidal currents.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[212,"Lee (Tralee) Estuary Upper","Ireland",52.27833,-9.93139,1990,"Eutrophic",null,null,"The upper Tralee estuary in southwestern Ireland in county Kerry has  been classified as eutrophic since the 1990s. The town of Tralee is the largest town of Kerry and is located on the Dingle peninsula.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[213,"Liffey Estuary","Ireland",53.342,-6.196,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Liffey Estuary is located off the coast of Dublin and is just north of Dublin Bay. Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication have been caused in part by a sewage treatment plant nearby. Levels of pollutants remained steady between 1995 and 1999, but the system has since improved thanks to improvements at the local wastewater treatment plant.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[214,"Lough Ine","Ireland",51.503591,-9.30293,1970,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"Lough Ine (or Hyne) is located in west Cork, Ireland. It is Europe's largest sea water lake. Summer stratification leads to development of anoxia. Winter bottom water renewal reoxygenates the lough. Eutrophication may be a contributing factor. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1970s. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode but recolonizes annually.","Kitching et al. 1976","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[215,"Lough Mahon","Ireland",51.882,-8.354,1990,"Improved",null,null,"Lough Mahon makes up the upper section of the Cork Harbour. It is located on the eastern side of metropolitan Cork. It has suffered from sewage discharge, low oxygen levels, and elevated nutrient concentrations. The estuary has improved since the 1990s because previously elevated chlorophyll levels are within the acceptable range. Dissolved oxygen levels also continue to improve. The Cork Main Drainage Project which redirected discharge of raw sewage to a wastewater treatment plant rather than directly into Lough Mahon is primarily responsible for the estuary's improvements.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008; O'Boyle et al. 2009","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[216,"Maigue Estuary","Ireland",52.655555,-8.956944,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Maigue Estuary is located just north of Adare village about 10 kilometers west of the city of Limerick in County Cork. The estuary continues 20 kilometers south until it meets the upper Shannon Estuary. The estuary receives agricultural loading from the River Maigue's drainage basin.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[217,"Owenacurra Estuary","Ireland",51.86667,-8.2,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Owenacurra Estuary is a shallow, narrow, sheltered estuary in southern Ireland and is part of the greater Cork Harbour. It receives high nutrient loadings from the Owenacurra River whose watershed is primarily agricultural. The town of Midleton sits on the estuary's shores and used to discharge sewage directly into the estuary but now treats its wastewater. Dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999, and a phytoplankton bloom was observed in 2005.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Eutrophic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[218,"Rogerstown Estuary Inner","Ireland",53.5,-6.11667,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Rogerstown Estuary is located on the east coast of Ireland about 25 kilometers north of Dublin. The inner Rogerstown Estuary in north Dublin is considered eutrophic due to macroalgal abundance in the form of green algal mats.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[219,"Slaney Estuary Lower","Ireland",52.33806,-6.45306,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Slaney Estuary in southeast Ireland is wide and shallow and borders the Wexford Harbor. The lower Slaney Estuary is eutrophic as a result of high riverine nutrient loadings. The dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[220,"Upper Feale Estuary","Ireland",52.44444,-9.62389,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Upper Feale Estuary is located at the mouth of the River Feale and River Galey. It is connected to the southern Cashen Estuary, and together they form the Cashen-Feale Estuary. The Feale river is an important sea trout and salmon fishery. It was eutrophic in the 1990s, and the dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999. The most recent assessments between 1999 and 2006 have  classified the estuary as improved.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[221,"Upper Suir Estuary","Ireland",52.27333,-6.99556,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Suir Estuary is the second largest in Ireland and is located in southeast Ireland in County Waterford. The Upper Suir Estuary was eutrophic in the 1990s, and the dissolved oxygen deficiency increased between 1995 and 1999. In a 1999-2003 assessment, the estuary was classified as improved and remained so in the most recent 2002-2006 assessment.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[222,"Wexford Harbour South","Ireland",52.33833,-6.40417,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Wexford Harbor at the mouth of the River Slaney in southeast Ireland suffers from eutrophication, primarily as a result of  municipal wastewater discharge. The southern portion is more naturally vulnerable to algal productivity because of its shallow depth and sheltered disposition compared to the main section of the harbour.","Toner et al. 2005; Clabby et al. 2008 ","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[223,"Gulf of Aqaba","Israel",29.3505,34.8693,1990,"Seasonal","High coral mortality",null,"The Gulf of Aqaba is part of the Red Sea located between the Sinai and Arabian peninsulas. Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia border the gulf. Increasing tourism in the area is putting pressures on the gulf. Untreated sewage discharge contributes to nutrient loading in the gulf. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s, resulting in high coral mortality. There is significant aquaculture (fish farming) in the area.","Eden et al. 2003","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[224,"Adriatic Sea, northern","Italy",45.308,12.866,1960,"Seasonal","1969 - 1st mass mortality of benthos, multi-year recovery","stressed","The Adriatic Sea separates Italy from the Balkan peninsula. The northern part of the sea is bordered by Italy, Slovenia, and Croatia and receives significant freshwater input from Italy's Po River. Much of the Po River watershed is agricultural, and nutrient loadings increased as the area become more industrialized. Seasonal anoxia increased in 1960 and was the worst in 1981-1987, affecting as much as 3,750 square kilometers of bottom. Massive mortality occurred at the sea bottom in 1969. "," Fedra et al. 1976;  Stachowitsch, 1984; Justic et al. 1987; Stachowitsch, 1991; Justic et al. 1993; Barmawidjaja et al. 1995; Riedel et al. 2008; Simunovic et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[225,"Sacci di Goro Lagoon","Italy",44.8236,12.305,1990,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"The Sacca di Goro Lagoon is a shallow water embayment of the Po River delta. Its watershed is heavily agricultural and the lagoon itself is an important aquaculture site for Italy. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1990s. Marine life at the sea bottom (benthic zone) dies off with each hypoxic episode but recolonizes annually.","Reizopoulou et al. 1996","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[226,"Orbetello Lagoon","Italy",42.44,11.2,1990,"Seasonal","Mass mortality and reduction of benthic species.","Fish mortality throughout most of lagoon.","Orbetello Lagoon is a shallow, brackish lagoon on the west coast of Italy that is subject to anoxia and dystrophic crises due to its high productivity and eutrophication. Algal blooms led to a severe anoxic crisis in 1992 and 1993. Local wastewater discharges and fish farms are significant sources of nutrients.","Lardicci et al. 2001; Marsili-Libelli, 2004","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[227,"Palude della Rosa","Italy",45.5,12.42,1990,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"Pallude della Rosa is a shallow, eutrophic saltwater pond within the Venice Lagoon. It has experienced increased macroalgae and periodic and seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s during the summer months which has caused mortality at the sea bottom. Agricultural runoff is the primary source of nutrient loading to the pond.","Tagliapietra et al. 1998 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[228,"Venice Lagoon","Italy",45.3847,12.2967,1980,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality",null,"The Venice Lagoon is a closed bay of the Adriatic Sea on which the city of Venice is located. It is eutrophic with high loadings of nitrogen. Macroalgal production is very high, and decomposition leads to hypoxia. Agriculture has been prevalent on the islands in the lagoon for centuries and has become more industrialized in the last few decades. The urbanization of the area has also played a role in the lagoon's eutrophication. Untreated sewage from the 12 million Venice residents and tourists is directly discharged into Venice's 180 canals. ","Flindt et al. 1997; Ravera, 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[229,"Gulf of Trieste","Italy, Slovenia, Croatia",45.622,13.519,1960,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Gulf of Trieste is a shallow bay of the Adriatic Sea in the northern Mediterranean Sea. It is shared by Italy, Slovenia, and Croatia. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since 1960. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode and requires several years to recover; mass mortality was recorded in 1974. Fisheries become stressed during hypoxic episodes.","Fedra et al. 1976; Stachowitsch, 1984; Justic et al 1987; Stachowitsch, 1991; Simunovic et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[230,"Kingston Harbour","Jamaica",17.95,-76.78333,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Kingston Harbour, in southeast Jamaica, is the country's largest port and the seventh largest natural harbor in the world. Eutrophication in Kingston Harbour is the result of nitrogen and phosphorous inputs from  sewage discharge. Eutrophication has resulted in decreased biodiversity and less productive fisheries in the region.","Villasol & Beltran 2004","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[231,"Ago Bay","Japan",34.294,136.834,2000,"Episodic",null,null,"Ago Bay (Ago-wan) is a bay in the city of Shima, Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the Ise-Shima region. While the bay experienced low oxygen as a result of eutrophication, it did not experience hypoxia until 2000 when there was a hypoxic event in August after a typhoon passed in July.","Haraguchi et al. 2010","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[232,"Ariake & Isahaya Bays","Japan",32.95,130.25,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"Ariake Sea is a body of salt water off of Kyūshū Island, and Isahaya Bay is a branch of the Ariake Sea. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed in the past decade over an area of 240 square kilometers, due in part to the construction of a dike in 1997 meant to create farmland and prevent floods. The dike had the effect of weakening the current in the Ariake sea, leading to increased stratification and resulting in toxic algal blooms and hypoxic conditions. Fisheries, aquaculture, and seaweed harvesting operations experienced a sharp decline as a result. In June 2008, the Saga Prefecture Court, in response to complaints from environmentalists and fisherman, ruled that the dike gates in Isahaya Bay remain open for five years while environmental consequences are investigated. However, as of 2010, the dike gates have remained closed while the government appeals the decision.","Hodoki & Murakami, 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[233,"Beppu Bay","Japan",33.303,131.54,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"Beppu Bay is located in Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū, Japan near the city of Beppu. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1970s, in part due to the bay's enclosed topography.","Suzuki, 2001","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[234,"Dokai Bay","Japan",33.883,130.8,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Dokai Bay is a narrow bay located in northern Kyushu, Japan. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s over an area of 11 square kilometers. Nutrient pollution from sewage and industrial waste have led to eutrophic conditions. The bay's enclosed shape and low exchange with the sea have led to hypoxic conditions; waters with low dissolved oxygen (DO) are upwelled into shallower areas of the bay by winds. Hypoxia has led to negative impacts on marine life in the bay.","Uede et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[235,"Funka Bay","Japan",42.333,140.667,1980,"Seasonal","Reduced abundance.","Avoidance and reduced recruitment.","Funka Bay lies in the south of Hokkaido Island and opens to the Pacific Ocean. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1990s, causing fish to avoid the area.","Kimura et al. 2004","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[236,"Gokasho Bay","Japan",34.317,136.667,1990,"Seasonal","Azoic conditions July to November.",null,"Gokasho Bay is located off the southern coast of central Japan. The bay suffers from hypoxia due to a combination of fish aquaculture and natural factors. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1990s over an area of one square kilometer. ","Yokoyama, 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[237,"Hakata Bay","Japan",33.6,130.3,1970,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization","Fish kills","Hakata Bay is located in the northwestern part of Fukuoka city on the island of Kyūshū and borders the Tsushima Strait. It is an eutrophic shallow bay with red tides and bottom hypoxia every summer. The bay receives high organic nutrient loads from Fukuoka, a city of over one million people. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1970s over an area of 120 square kilometers. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode but recolonizes annually.","Karim et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[238,"Harima Nada","Japan",34.6,134.531,2000,"Seasonal","Crabs rarely observed in areas <30 percent air saturation.","Benthic fish rarely observed in areas <50 percent air saturation. Trawl fisheries have shifted from the middle bay to the mouth since 1970s, since 2000 fishery yield has declined.","Harima Nada, in the eastern Seto Inland Sea in western Japan, is an eutrophic bay from the increase of nutrient load input from domestic and livestock sources, but intense reclamation of shallows (including tidal flats) and the large reduction in river flow due to farmland irrigation drastically accelerated the development of hypoxia. Harima Nada makes up one of the most urbanized and industrialized regions of the Seto Inland Sea watershed and receives significant nutrient loadings from the Kakogawa and Ibogawa Rivers, resulting in severe eutrophication. Beginning in 2000, fishery yields have declined.","Suzuki, 2001; Nishikawa et al. 2010 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[239,"Hiroshima Bay","Japan",34.083,132.333,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Hiroshima Bay is located in the Inland Sea of Japan. It is an eutrophic bay from the increase in nutrient loading, and hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s. Hiroshima Bay is one of the most urbanized and industrialized regions of the Seto Inland Sea watershed and therefore is one of the most affected by eutrophication.","Kim et al. 1997; Nishikawa et al. 2010","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[240,"Hiuchi Nada","Japan",34,133.5,1970,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality, All fauna dead at oxygen = 0.4 ppm","Benthic fish rarely observed in areas <50 percent air saturation. Trawl fisheries have shifted from the middle bay to the mouth since 1970s, since 2000 fishery yield has declined.","The Hiuchi Nada is a part of the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. It is an eutrophic bay as a result of increased anthropogenic nutrient loadings inputs from domestic and livestock sources. Intense reclamation of shallows (including tidal flats) and the large reduction in river flow due to farmland irrigation drastically accelerated development of hypoxia. Seasonal hypoxia in the bottom waters every summer has occurred here since the 1970s, causing mass mortality at the sea bottom (benthic zone). When the dissolved oxygen level fell below 0.4 parts per million, all marine fauna were found dead. The sound does not receive freshwater input from any major rivers, but it does receive organic content from pulp mill discharge.  Trawl fisheries began shifting from the middle of the bay to the mouth in the 1970s; since 2000, fishery yield has declined. ","Sanukida et al. 1984; Suzuki, 2001; Kasai et al. 2007","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[242,"Ise Bay","Japan",34.66,136.75,1990,"Seasonal","Mortality","Shellfish and fisheries in shallow areas and tidal flats reduced","Ise Bay (Ise-Wan) is a bay located at the mouth of the Kiso river, between Mie and Aichi Prefectures in Japan. The bay is connected to the smaller Mikawa Bay by two channels, the Nakayama Channel and the Morosaki Channel. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s over an area of 1,740 square kilometers, causing mortality at the sea bottom.  Shellfish and fisheries in shallow areas and tidal flats have been reduced. Hypoxic events are caused when winds create upwellings of low-oxygenated waters in shallower areas of the bay. ","Nakata et al. 1997","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[243,"Kumihama Bay","Japan",35.633,134.912,1980,"Seasonal","Hypoxia tolerant larvae settle.",null,"Kumihama Bay is located north of the Kyoto Prefecture and connected to Japan Sea through a narrow canal. It is an eutrophic bay from the increase in anthropogenic nutrient loadings. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1980s in late spring through the fall.","Yokoyama, 1995","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[244,"Lake Nakaumi","Japan",35.467,133.2,1990,"Seasonal",null,"Mortality of mussels, avoidance","Lake Nakaumi is an eutrophic brackish lagoon connected to the Japan Sea by a short channel and is the fifth largest lake in Japan. It is bordered by the Shimane peninsula to the north and Yumigahama peninsula to the east. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1990s, causing some fish to die and others to avoid the area. The lake has received significant nutrient loading since the 1920s, more in the 1970s when the region underwent industrialization, and it has also been negatively affected by the building of a dike.","Yamamuro et al. 2000; Kasai et al. 2005; Katsuki et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[245,"Lake Saroma","Japan",44.155,143.756,1920,"Seasonal","Reduced biodiversity",null,"Lake Saroma is the third largest coastal lake in Japan and is located on the northeastern coast of Hokkaido. The lake experienced increased water exchange with the opening of an inlet in 1929 which eliminated low oxygen, but by the 1950s, the water quality was poor and the beginning of scallop aquaculture in the 1960s caused increased low oxygen.","Katsuki et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[246,"Lake Shinji","Japan",35.5,133,1990,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality",null,"Lake Shinji is a lake in the northeast region of the Shimane Prefecture. It is connected to the Japan Sea via the Nakaumi Lagoon. It supports aquaculture and is eutrophic as the result of increased anthropogenic nutrient loadings. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1990s, causing mass mortality at the sea bottom.","Yamamuro et al. 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[247,"Mikawa Bay","Japan",34.724453,137.084356,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"Mikawa Bay (Mikawa-wan) is a bay to the south of Aichi Prefecture, Japan, surrounded by Chita Peninsula to the west and Atsumi Peninsula to the east and south. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1980s over an area of 500 square kilometers, causing mass mortality at the sea bottom (benthic zone); other benthos avoid the area. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) episodes occur in the summer. Eutrophication is caused by the nutrient inputs from domestic and livestock sources. Intense reclamation of shallows (including tidal flats) and the large reduction in river flow due to farmland irrigation has drastically accelerated development of hypoxia. ","Suzuki & Matsukawa, 1987; Suzuki, 2001 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[248,"Omura Bay","Japan",32.967,129.883,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"Omura Bay is located in Kyosho, Japan and is connected to the East China Sea via Sasebo Bay and two small channels. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1980s over an area of 100 square kilometers, caused in part by the bay's enclosed topography and natural upwellings of hypoxic waters. These events result in massive fish kills.","Iizuka & Min, 1989; Takahashi et al. 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[249,"Osaka Bay","Japan",34.578686,135.275944,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"Osaka Bay (Osaka-wan) in western Japan is part of the Seto Inland Sea, It is separated from the Pacific Ocean by the Kii Channel and from the western part of the Seto Inland Sea by the Akashi Strait. Its western shore is formed by Awaji Island, and its northern and eastern shores are part of the Kansai metropolitan area. The bay is highly urbanized. Major ports located in Osaka Bay include Osaka, Kobe, Nishinomiya, Sakai, Amagasaki, and Hannan. Nutrient loads to the bay are primarily from industry (43 percent) and domestic inputs (46 percent). ","Yokoyama, 2004","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[250,"Seto Inland Sea","Japan",33.72,132.45,1980,"Seasonal","Mortality","Mortality","The Seto Inland Sea (or the Inland Sea) is the body of water separating Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, three of the main islands of Japan. It connects the Pacific Ocean to the Sea of Japan. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1980s, causing mortality among fish and at the sea bottom (benthic zone). The region is one of the most heavily industrialized in all of Japan, and grew significantly since the 1960s, increasing nutrient loads. Eutrophication increased throughout the 1960s and 1970s causing red tides which peaked in 1976 with 299 blooms that year. Regulations have been enacted to reduce the nutrient loading, and there are now only about 100 red tides per year. Japan's implementation of improved industrial and sewage treatment has led to some improvements in the 2000s.","Imabayashi, 1986, Yamamoto, 2003; Nishikawa et al. 2010, ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[251,"Suo-Nada","Japan",33.851,131.167,1990,"Seasonal","Crabs rarely observed in areas <30 percent air saturation.","Benthic fish rarely observed in areas <50 percent air saturation. Trawl fisheries have shifted from the middle bay to the mouth since 1970s, since 2000 fishery yield has declined.","The Suo-Nada is the most westerly part of the Seto Inland Sea. Eutrophication in the Suo-Nada is the result of increased nutrient inputs from domestic and livestock sources. Intense reclamation of shallows (including tidal flats) and the large reduction in river flow due to farmland irrigation drastically accelerated development of hypoxia. Fishery yields have been in decline since 2000. ","Suzuki, 2001","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[252,"Tokyo Bay","Japan",35.587,140,1970,"Episodic","Decline in benthos","Avoidance and reduced abundance, failure of spring cohort of whipfin Dragon related to low oxygen","Tokyo Bay (Tōkyō-wan) is a bay in the southern Kantō region of Japan; it is surrounded by the dense urban area of Tokyo. The greater Tokyo area is the world's most populous metropolitan area with 35 to 39 million people. Since the 1970s, the bay has experienced episodic hypoxic and anoxic conditions between the months of June and October. These events can affect as much as 680 square kilometers of sea bottom. The majority of nutrient inputs to the bay are from domestic inputs (66 percent). Other impacts include a decline in benthic (bottom-dwelling) species, collapse of the fisheries in the bay, and frequent nuisance and toxic algal blooms.","Kodama et al. 2002; 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[253,"Tomoe Cove","Japan",32.528378,130.038264,1970,"Seasonal","Mass mortality, shift in species composition.",null,"Tomoe Cove lies in Tomioka Bay in the northwest corner of Amakusa Shimoshima Island on the west coast of Kyushu, Japan. Aquaculture in the cove began in 1973 and has resulted in the occurrence of seasonal hypoxic events in the summer months. ","Tsutsumi, 1987","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[254,"Gwangyang Bay","Korea",34.87,127.66,1970,{"$nulls":3},"Gwangyang Bay is located in the southern coastal area of Korea and is one of the most industrial-polluted coastal areas of Korea. It is connected with the open sea by the Yeosu Channel to the south and with Seomjin River to the north. In the 1970s, the region around Gwangyang Bay experienced rapid growth; today the main estuarine delta and tidal flats along the bay have been reclaimed to establish diverse industrial facilities. As a consequence, various aquatic habitats in the bay have been severely damaged by industrial pollutants and the bay has become notorious for eutrophication and frequent red tides due to discharge of industrial and sewage effluents.","Lee & Yoo, 1991","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[255,"Chonsu Bay","Korea",36.504925,126.442611,2000,"Seasonal",null,"Reduced","Chonsu Bay lies on the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Aquaculture in the bay is thought to contribute to eutrophication and seasonal hypoxia in the area. Impacts of eutrophication include algal blooms and fish kills.","Lim et al. 2006","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[256,"Jinhae Bay","Korea",35.127325,128.686619,1970,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality","Oyster mortality related to oxygen and red tide","Jinhae (formerly known as Chinhae) is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Sources of nutrient pollution to the bay include domestic, industrial, and aquaculture wastes. In the summer months, red tides and algal blooms lead to hypoxia. An estimated area of 185 square kilometers has been affected by periodic hypoxia since the 1970s, leading to oyster mortality and reducing the area of the bay that is suitable for aquaculture. ","Lee & Kim, 2008","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[257,"Kamak Bay","Korea",34.68,127.67,1900,"Seasonal",null,"Reduced","Kamak Bay (Gamak Bay) is located on the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. The bay has two channels at the east and south that connect to open sea but most of the seawater is exchanged through the south channel. The bay supports several aquaculture operations including oyster, mussel, ark shell, flounder, and sea bream. Hypoxia was first observed here in 1900, but water quality of the bay has been steadily deteriorating since 1980 as a result of the inflow of poorly treated sewage and aquaculture operations situated in the bay. Eutrophication has resulted in toxic and nuisance algal blooms which occur annually, leading to the formation of anoxic water masses in the northwest area of the bay during the summer. The bay experiences massive fish kills during these hypoxic/anoxic events. ","Lim et al. 2006","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[258,"Masan Bay","Korea",35.169,128.592,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"Masan Bay (Masan-man) is located in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The city of Masan is situated on the Bay. The city of Masan is known for its textile industry, and is the site of Hite Brewery's production facilities. Eutrophication has resulted in red tides that occur annually, leading to the formation of hypoxic conditions in the summer months. ","Lee & Kim 2008","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[259,"Yeongsan Estuary","Korea",34.789578,126.353072,2000,"Seasonal","Reduced biodiversity","Reduced","The Yeongsan River flows into the Yellow Sea at Mokpo through the estuary bank. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred within the estuary in the past decade over an area of roughly three square kilometers, reducing the number of fish in the area. Construction of dikes has altered circulation and increased deposition of organic matter in the estuary.","Lim et al. 2006","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[262,"Mauritius Island","Mauritius",-20.137475,57.462739,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Mauritius is an island nation of the African continent situated in the Indian Ocean. Hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s due to agriculture--sugar cane farming in particular--and untreated sewage from three separate dischargers. Eutrophication has negatively impacted the coral reefs surrounding the island as many reefs have been overgrown with algae. ","Thomassin et al. 1998","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[263,"Bojorquez Lagoon","Mexico",21.125,-86.758,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"Bojorquez Lagoon is situated on the Mexican Caribbean coast near the tourist destination of Cancun. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1980s, partially caused by sewage discharge from the city of Cancun. Eutrophication has led to formation of algae mats and decline of sea grass communities. Eutrophication has also greatly diminished the appeal of this lagoon to tourists as a result of floating organic matter, unpleasant smell, reduced clarity, and abundance of jellyfish.","Valdes-Lozano et al. 2006","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[264,"Laguna de Términos","Mexico",18.5,-91.77,1990,"Episodic",null,null,"Laguna de Términos (Términos Lagoon) is made up of a series of lagoons and tidal estuaries connected by two channels to the Bay of Campeche in the southern part of Gulf of Mexico. It is fed by several fresh water rivers, including the Mezcapala, Grijalva and Usumacinta Rivers, and includes several lagoons such as Pom, Atasta, Puerto Rico, Este and Panlau. The lagoon was designated as a federally protected area for flora and fauna in 1994 by the Mexican government because of the importance of the biological ecosystems provided by its estuaries. The lagoon receives high riverine nitrogen inputs as a result of agriculture and urban development in the watershed. Mild hypoxia develops episodically.","Vazquez et al. 1999","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[266,"East Frisian, Wadden Sea","Netherlands",53.5,5.5,1990,"Episodic",null,null,"The Frisian Islands, also known as the Wadden Islands or Wadden Sea Islands, form an archipelago  at the eastern edge of the North Sea in northwestern Europe, stretching from the northwest of the Netherlands through Germany to the west of Denmark. The islands shield the mudflat region of the Wadden Sea (large parts of which fall dry during low tide) from the North Sea. This area experiences episodic hypoxia observed here since the 1990s, and is known to have considerable nutrient influence from anthropogenic sources since the 1980s.","Kaiser & Lutter, 1998; Rahmel et al. 1999","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[267,"Wadden Sea","Netherlands",53.82,7.67,1990,"Episodic","Mortality, Decrease in percentage of filter feeders in benthic biomass",null,"The Wadden Sea is an intertidal zone in the southeastern part of the North Sea. It lies between the coast of northwestern continental Europe and the range of Frisian Islands, forming a shallow body of water with tidal flats and wetlands. An estimated area of 3,000 square kilometers has been affected by episodic hypoxia in the Wadden Sea since the 1990s. Hypoxia has caused mortality in the sea bottom, a decrease in the percentage of filter feeders, and increased macroalgae (seaweed).","deJonge et al. 1994","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[268,"Wester-Ems","Netherlands",53.550737,6.668853,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Wester-Ems is a strait in the Wadden Sea that separates the German island of Borkum from its neighbor Rottumeroog (Netherlands). Episodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade.","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[269,"Westerschelde Estuary","Netherlands",51.4,3.55,1990,"Diel",null,null,"The Westerschelde (Western Scheldt) in the province Zeeland, southwestern Netherlands, is the estuary of the Scheldt river. This river once had several estuaries, but the others are now disconnected from the Scheldt, leaving the Westerschelde as its only direct way to the sea. It is an important shipping route to the Port of Antwerp in Belgium. There is extensive industry and livestock farming in the area. The estuary experiences diel cycling hypoxia.","Irigoien et al. 1999","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[270,"Big Glory Bay","New Zealand",-46.92,168,2000,"Persistent","Mass Mortality",null,"Big Glory Bay is an arm of Patersons Inlet, a large natural harbour on the eastern coast of Stewart Island/Rakiura, New Zealand. Much of the surrounding land is pristine forest. Persistent hypoxia has been observed in the past decade resulting in mass mortality at the sea bottom. Extensive salmon farming occurs in the bay and is linked with high nutrient loads and hypoxic events.","Morrisey, 2000","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[272,"Port Harcourt","Nigeria",4.71667,7.06667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Port Harcourt lies along the Bonny River and is located in the Niger Delta. The population of Port Harcourt and its surrounding area is estimated at 5.7 million people. Eutrophication, caused in part by untreated sewage discharged to coastal waters, has resulted in fish kills.","Obire et al. 2003","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"},"need source."]
[273,"Ålefjærfjord","Norway",58.179722,8.057222,1980,"Improved",null,null,"High nutrient levels in Ålefjærfjord are the result of riverine inputs. In the mid 1980s, minimum oxygen levels were measured at less than 0.5 mg/L. Sugar kelp communities have also been severely impacted. Improved wastewater treatment has improved water quality in the fjord, however. ","Molvær et al. 2007","Improved ","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[274,"Arendal fjord","Norway",58.4602799999999,8.76667,2000,"Improved",null,null,"Nutrient inputs to Arendalfjord are high as a result of riverine inputs from the Nidelva river as well as discharge from Arendals municipal sewage plant. Eutrophication has led to decreases in sugar kelp communities and hypoxia. However, the sewage outfall was recently relocated to an area well connected to coastal water, and the result has been improved oxygen levels. ","OSPAR, 2003; Molvær et al. 2007","Improved","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[275,"Buøysund","Norway",57.977222,7.617778,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Eutrophication has been observed in Buøysund in the past decade.","OSPAR, 2003.","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[276,"Drammensfjord","Norway",59.632,10.42,1700,"Persistent","Foram recolonized areas that were previous anoxic in 1990s",null,"The deep water of Drammensfjord is naturally anoxic due to long residence time. However, anoxia has been made worse over last two centuries by organic enrichment, and benthic communities have been reduced. Reductions in organic loadings have led to improvements in water quality within the fjord in recent years. ","Alve, 1995; OSPAR, 2003","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[277,"Fevik coast","Norway",58.36667,8.677778,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Fevik is an open coast which experiences a transboundary load of nutrients, organic matter, and phytoplankton which causes the system to be eutrophic.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[278,"Flostadøysund","Norway",58.543333,8.951944,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Flostadøysund, Norway is a semi-enclosed area where eutrophication exists as a result of local effects.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[279,"Frierfjord","Norway",59.1,9.61666999999999,1960,{"$nulls":3},"Frierfjord receives wastewater and urban runoff from nearby cities. In addition, it has received discharges of industrial effluents from pulp and paper industries and fertilizer manufacturers over the last 40-50 years. Transboundary transport of nutrient and organic matter has also contributed to eutrophic conditions in the fjord. Observed impacts of eutrophication include benthic mortality below 50-60 meters, elevated phytoplankton, harmful algal blooms, severe declines in sugar kelp, and hypoxia.","OSPAR, 2003; Molvær et al. 2007","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[280,"Grosfjord and Vikkil","Norway",58.31667,8.6,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Grosfjord and Vikkil experience extended residence time in the deep water behind the sill, and local and transboundary load of nutrients and organic matter have made this system eutrophic.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[281,"Harkilometersarksfjord","Norway",58.043611,7.621389,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Harkilometersarksfjord is a sheltered 4-kilometers long fjord with narrow and shallow constrictions. The residence time of the bottom water is probably less than a year. The anthropogenic nutrient load is mainly due to riverine inputs. The dominant anthropogenic nitrogen loads are from agriculture. Sewage contributes about 20 percent of the nitrogen load and about 37 percent of the phosphorus load. The anthropogenic nutrient load has decreased during the last 10-15 years. Impacts of eutrophication include low oxygen levels, nuisance algal blooms, and decreased sugar kelp populations.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[282,"Hillesund-Snigsfjord","Norway",58.025833,7.336667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Riverine input is the primary source of anthropogenic nutrient load to the Hillesund-Snigsfjord. The dominant source of anthropogenic nitrogen loads originate from agriculture, while sewage accounts for about 20 percent of nitrogen loading. Sewage accounts for 37 percent of the phosphorus load. Nutrient loads have decreased during the last 10-15 years.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[283,"Kaldvellfjord","Norway",58.27222,8.4275,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Kaldvellfjord is a sheltered sill fjord with naturally occurring hydrogen sulphide in the deep water. Nutrient inputs largely originate from local communities. The fjord experiences severe low oxygen problems, and has experienced major declines in sugar kelp communities. ","Molvær et al. 2007","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[284,"Kragerøfjord","Norway",58.85,9.46667,2000,"Persistent",null,null,"The Kragerøfjord system consists of several fjords, of which the Hellefjord, the Kilsfjord, and the Berøfjord are the largest. The municipal wastewater from city of Kragerø is discharged into the Berøfjord through a deep water outlet. While the anthropogenic phosphorus load has been reduced as a result of improved wastewater treatment, nitrogen loads have shown a significant increase. The oxygen conditions in the Kragerøfjord system are generally classified as \"Bad\" to \"Very Bad,\" and hypoxia has been observed in the past decade, persisting for an extended period of time in some areas. Other impacts of eutrophication in the fjord system include nuisance and toxic algal blooms, and significant declines in sugar kelp populations.","OSPAR, 2003; Molvær et al. 2007","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[285,"Kristiansandsfjord","Norway",58.1,8.033333,2000,{"$nulls":3},"High nutrient levels in Kristiansandsfjord are the result of riverine inputs from the river Otra. No oxygen problems have been found in the main Kristiansandsfjord.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[287,"Larviksfjord and Viksfjord","Norway",59.01667,10.06667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Larviksfjord is an open sill-free fjord with depths from about 120 meters in the mouth while Viksfjord is a semi-enclosed bay with depths from 11-24 meters. Larviksfjord receives nutrients from both the main river, Numedalslågen, and from sewage from the town of Larvik. Approximately 60 percent of the nutrient load in the Numedalslågen is attributed to agricultural runoff. Sewage discharge from Larvik constitutes about 14 percent of the nitrogen load. In Larvik there is a factory (chemical pulp industry) which discharges to a small river. The city’s sewage outlets are distributed to the middle of the fjord at about 40 meters depth. Nuisance and toxic algal blooms are present. ","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[288,"Lillesandfjord outer","Norway",58.248611,8.474722,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Outer Lillesandsfjord is a relatively open coastal area, but with some parts sheltered from the open coast by sills. The local nutrient load comes from Lillesand city and runoff from small communities. The anthropogenic phosphorus load has been reduced during the last 10 years as a result of wastewater treatment, however, the situation for nitrogen loads is unclear.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[289,"Lyngør archipelago","Norway",58.63139,9.15167,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Lyngør archipelago experiences extended residence time in local basins, and has become eutrophic due to transboundary load of nutrients, organic matter and phytoplankton.","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[290,"Mannefjord","Norway",57.98333,7.466667,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Mannefjord is a relatively open area with free connection to the coastal water. The nutrient load is dominated by the freshwater inputs from the Mandal river. The fjord is recipient for the city of Mandal where the municipal wastewater from 11,500 persons is directed to a biological treatment plant and then to a deep outfall with trapping of the plume below the surface. The anthropogenic nutrient load has decreased since the 1990s. Impacts of eutrophication include low oxygen levels, nuisance algal blooms, and decreased sugar kelp communities. ","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[291,"Oslofjord","Norway",59.390851,10.57892,1910,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization","Reduced","Sources of nutrient loads to Oslofjord include sewage and, to a lesser degree, industrial discharges. As much as 150 square kilometers of bottom can be affected by hypoxia. Fish kills are observed in the inner part of the fjord, mainly in connection to deep-water renewals when water of low oxygen content rises towards the surface. Benthic populations have also been reduced. Since 2001, the three major sewage treatment plants that discharge to Oslofjord have added phosphorus as well as nitrogen removal. Phosphorus removal started in the 1970s and has successively been improved since then. Plant upgrades to include nitrogen removal started in 1996 and 1997 and were completed in 2001 and 2002. Anthropogenic nutrient loads have been reduced by approximately 67 percent since 1985. ","Petersen, 1915; Mirza & Gray, 1981; Rosenberg et al. 1987","Hypoxic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[293,"Sandnesfjord","Norway",58.6938,9.12095,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Sandnesfjord experiences severe oxygen problems with minimum dissolved oxygen levels slightly below 2.5 mg/L. However, anthropogenic nutrient loads have decreased in recent years. ","Molvær et al. 2007","Hypoxic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[294,"Sandefjord","Norway",59.0833,10.2391,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Sandefjord is part of the main outer Oslofjord. Hypoxia has been observed in the past decade, persisting for an extended period of time in the deep water adjacent to shallows (sills). Low oxygen levels in the fjord have impacted benthic communities: no life has been observed below 50-60 meters. Overall, anthropogenic nutrient inputs to the outer Oslofjord have decreased by 20 percent since 1990. ","OSPAR, 2003; Molvær et al. 2007","Hypoxic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[295,"Singlefjord","Norway",59.0833299999999,11.1166699999999,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Hvaler/Singlefjord estuary receives effluents from industrial, sewage and agricultural sources. The surface layer is strongly influenced by the river Glomma. The fjord is characterized by high turbidity and low phytoplankton production in the brackish water due to reduced light conditions, rapidly changing salinity, and short residence time. In the brackish area the phytoplankton growth is normally phosphorus limited, but at the fronts between brackish water and seawater the conditions are favorable for blooms. High numbers of small diatom species (e.g. Chaetoceros tenuissimus, C. throndsenii and Prorocentrum minimum) may be local indicators of eutrophication. ","OSPAR, 2003; Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[296,"Skallefjord and Tingsakerfjord","Norway",58.23028,8.372778,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Skallefjord and Tingsakerfjord are basins with sill depths between 20-32 meters and maximum depths between 73-83 meters. The sewage load is from the city Lillesand and is discharged to Tingsakerfjord and Skallefjord. The fjords experience severe low oxygen problems, and have experienced major declines in sugar kelp communities. ","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[297,"Skogsfjord","Norway",58.036715,7.428941,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Skogsfjord is a very enclosed area north of the city of Mandal. The freshwater runoff is relatively high and the anthropogenic nutrient load is moderate and has decreased during the last 10-15 years. Impacts of eutrophication include nuisance algal blooms, low oxygen, and decreased sugar kelp populations.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[298,"Søndeledfjord","Norway",58.73333,9.15,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Søndeledfjord experiences severe oxygen problems with minimum dissolved oxygen levels slightly below 1.5 mg/L. Hypoxia has been observed in the past decade, persisting for an extended period of time in the deep water adjacent to shallows (sills). However, anthropogenic nutrient loads have decreased in recent years. ","OSPAR, 2003; Molvær et al. 2007","Hypoxic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[299,"Southern part of outer Oslofjord","Norway",59.144722,10.662222,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The southern part of the outer Oslofjord connects the Oslofjord area to the Skagerrak. The area receives water and nutrients from neighboring areas, primarily from Hvaler (e.g. the river Glomma), but is also exposed from long range transboundary transport from the Skagerrak. The area is known for frequent toxic algal blooms. In part these are caused by local eutrophic conditions, but also as a part of the general phytoplankton situation in the inner Skagerrak. Other impacts include occasional fish kills and shellfish poisoning.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[300,"Steindalsfjord","Norway",58.2,8.31667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Steindalsfjord basin experiences extended residence time, and a region-specific harmful algal bloom, Chattonella, has been observed here.","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[302,"Telemark coastline","Norway",58.914444,9.593611,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Telemark coastline is divided into a number of inlets and sounds inside a number of islands. The local nutrient input is low and mainly from municipal sewage, but there is also a significant transboundary nutrient load from \"upstream\" areas. Impacts of eutrophication include some localized areas with low oxygen and harmful algal blooms.","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[303,"Tønsbergfjord","Norway",59.195,10.34917,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Tønsbergfjord is part of the main outer Oslofjord. While the inner part of the Tønsbergfjord has elevated levels of total phosphorus in the winter months, the main part of the outer Tønsbergfjord lacks information about nutrient loads. Elevated chlorophyll-a, macroalgae blooms, and toxic algal blooms are present in the fjord. Overall anthropogenic nutrient inputs to the outer Oslofjord have decreased by 20 percent since 1990. ","OSPAR, 2003; Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[304,"Topdalsfjord","Norway",58.15,8.05,1980,{"$nulls":3},"High nutrient levels in Topdalsfjord are the result of riverine inputs. In the mid 1980s, minimum oxygen levels were measured at less than 2.5 mg/L. Sugar kelp communities have also been severely impacted. Improved wastewater treatment has improved water quality in the fjord, however. ","Molvær et al. 2007","Improved","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[305,"Tromøysund","Norway",58.48778,8.85944,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Tromøysund is a strait that separates the island Tromøy in Arendal municipality from the mainland. It is approximately 12 kilometers long and 200 meters to about 500 meters wide. The system is eutrophic as a result of local effects in this semi-enclosed basin. ","Molvær et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[306,"Trysfjord & Ofotfjord","Norway",68.417709,16.981649,1980,"Unknown",null,"Fish kills during deep water renewals","Tysfjord is the second deepest fjord in Norway, with a maximum depth of 897 meters (2,943 ft). Nearby Ofotfjord is  an inlet of the Norwegian Sea 200 kilometers (120 miles) north of the Arctic circle. On the shores of Ofotfjord is the major town of Narvik. Hypoxia has been observed in these fjords in the past decade, persisting for an extended period of time in the deep water adjacent to shallows (sills). Fish kills have been observed during deep water renewals when low oxygen water rises to the surface.","Dommasnes et al. 1994","Hypoxic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[307,"Panama Bay","Panama",8.83333,-79.25,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Panama Bay is a large body of water off the coast of southern Panama, and is part of the greater Gulf of Panama. Nutrient runoff from agriculture and livestock operations, as well as urban wastewater have caused eutrophication in Panama Bay.","Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) 2006","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[308,"Bay of Callao","Peru",-12,-77.25,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Callao Bay hosts the city and port of Callao, Peru on the Pacific Ocean. Agricultural runoff and industrial pollution from fish canneries have caused eutrophication.","Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) 2006","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[309,"Chimbote Bay","Peru",-9.12306,-78.59194,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Chimbote Bay lies 420 kilometers south of Lima, Peru. Along the shores of the bay lies the city of Chimbote, the largest city in the Ancash Region of Peru. More than 75 percent of Peru's fishing industry is based in the bay. Nutrient pollution from fish canneries has caused eutrophication in the bay.","Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) 2006","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[310,"Ilo Bay","Peru",-17.61667,-71.4,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Ilo Bay is located in southern Peru where the Osmore River flows into the Pacific Ocean. Agricultural runoff and industrial pollution from fish canneries have caused eutrophication in the bay.","Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) 2006","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[311,"Paita Bay","Peru",-5.0725,-81.10889,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Paita Bay is located 1,089 kilometers north of Lima, Peru. The town of Paita lies on the southern edge the bay.  Industrial pollution from fish canneries has caused eutrophication in the bay.","Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) 2006","Eutrophic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[312,"Paracas Bay/Port of Pisco","Peru",-13.8206,-76.2769,2000,"Episodic",null,"Mortality","Paracas Bay is an important fishing area in close proximity to fishing industries located in the port of Pisco. Fishing, fish meal manufacturing, and fish and shellfish farming are the region's most important economic activities. These activities are often disrupted by harmful algal blooms (HABs) which kill fish and  shellfish by producing toxins and causing hypoxic and anoxic conditions to develop. Economic losses as a result of HABs have been considerable: Pisco's share of total Peruvian anchovy landings decreased from 8.4 percent in 2003 to 1.7 percent in 2004 following a massive HAB. That same HAB event led to the temporary closure of canneries in Pisco to reduce effluents; economic losses due to port closure were estimated at about $27.5 million. Finally local aquaculture operations reported losses estimated at $1 million after the 2004 HAB event. An estimated area of 2,000 square kilometers has been affected by episodic hypoxia in the past decade. ","Kahru et al. 2004","Hypoxic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[314,"Manila Bay","Philippines",14.519,120.77,1980,"Episodic",null,null,"The catchment area of Manila Bay is home to more than 10 million people. Urban runoff and sewage have resulted in massive increases of nutrients to the bay, resulting in harmful algal blooms, persistent red tide, hypoxia and anoxia. Episodic hypoxia has been observed in Manila Bay since the 1980s.","Jacinto et al. 2009","Hypoxic","no ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[315,"Gdansk Basin","Poland",55,19.25,1960,"Persistent","Shell deformation in Macoma to survive hypoxia. Percentage of deformation increased from 1990s to 2000s.",null,"Along the Polish coast, the largest cities discharge their wastewater directly into the Gdansk Basin. Eutrophication and lack of bottom water renewal have created extensive hypoxia in the Gdansk Basin. Persistent hypoxia has been observed since the 1960s over an area of 1,200 square kilometers.","Karlson et al. 2002; Sokolowski et al. 2008","Hypoxic","no ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TxesHoBz0M; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","4TxesHoBz0M; GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[316,"Gulf of Gdansk","Poland",54.583,18.75,1990,"Episodic","Declining abundance of macrofauna from mid 1990s, not seen previously, in 2000 almost complete absence of macrofauna.","Fish maybe migrating from deeper more hypoxic areas increasing predation on macrobenthos.","Hypoxia in the Gulf of Gdansk is related to general eutrophication that is experienced in the region. The Gulf has experienced a decline in the abundance of macrofauna from mid 1990s, and by 2000 there was almost a complete absence of macrofauna. This may be a result of fish migrating from deeper more hypoxic areas increasing predation on macrobenthos in the area.","Janas et al. 2004","Hypoxic","no ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TxesHoBz0M; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","4TxesHoBz0M; GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[317,"Mondego River","Portugal",40.14084,-8.822522,1990,"Diel","Mortality of benthos with loss of species",null,"The Mondego River is the longest river in Portugal; it empties into the Atlantic Ocean near the city of Figueira da Foz. Nutrient pollution in the Mondego River estuary is the result of urban runoff, aquaculture operations, and runoff from agricultural lands in the Mondego valley. Eutrophic conditions have led to macroalgae blooms and the extinction of sea grasses in shallow areas. Hypoxia has been observed in the mouth of the Mondego River since the 1990s. ","Flindt et al. 1997; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[318,"Ria de Aveiro Lagoon","Portugal",40.647024,-8.822522,1980,"Periodic",null,null,"The Ria de Aveiro Lagoon lies on the Atlantic Ocean near the Portuguese city of Aveiro. Oxygen levels in the lagoon are usually normal, however two extreme anoxic events occurred in summer 1998 and 1989.","Lopes et al. 2005","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[319,"Ria Formosa","Portugal",37.03,-7.78,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Ria Formosa lagoon, located in Algarve, in southern Portugal, is a system of barrier islands that communicates with the sea through 6 inlets. Five of these inlets are natural and have mobility characteristics. The 6th is an artificial inlet that was opened with the purpose of allowing easier access to the port of Faro. In the Ria Formosa, eutrophication and high macroalgal production cause low oxygen problems leading to hypoxic events. Sources of nutrient inputs include agricultural runoff and urban wastewater. ","Nobre et al. 2005","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[320,"Bahia de Jobos","Puerto Rico",17.948931,-66.197619,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Bahia de Jobos (Jobos Bay) is a tropical estuary with five distinct habitat types grading roughly from the ocean landward: coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangrove forests, mudflats, and evergreen littoral forests. Most of the land north of the reserve is devoted to agriculture, and the watershed is experiencing urban and industrial development pressures. Periodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s. ","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[322,"San Juan Estuary and Bay","Puerto Rico",18.448,-66.10794,2000,{"$nulls":3},"San Juan Estuary and Bay, Puerto Rico, are eutrophic as a result of nutrient pollution from untreated sewage and agricultural runoff. Eutrophication has had a negative impact on local wetlands and has led to decreasing submerged aquatic vegetation levels.","Villasol & Beltran, 2004","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[323,"Volga River Delta","Russia",45.95345,49.012019,1990,"Episodic",null,null,"The Volga River Delta is the largest delta in Europe and drains into the Caspian Sea on the Russian coast. Industrial and agricultural modification to the delta plain has resulted in significant wetland loss. Between 1984 and 2001, the delta lost 277 square kilometers of wetlands, or an average of approximately 16 square kilometers per year, from natural and human-induced causes. The Volga discharges large amounts of sediments and nutrients from agricultural, urban, and industrial wastewater into the relatively shallow northern part of the Caspian Sea. Nutrient pollution from the Volga has resulted in large algal blooms and episodic hypoxia near the mouth of the river.","Bukharitsin & Luneva, 1994","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[324,"Caspian Sea","Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan",41.83,51.08,1990,"Persistent","Mortality with reduced benthos",null,"The hypoxic zone of the Caspian Sea falls under the territory of four countries: Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. Persistent hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s, causing mortality at the sea bottom and reducing the amount of marine life in these areas. The hypoxia is exacerbated by discharge from the Volga River which contributes between 77 and 94 percent of nutrients to the sea; higher volumes of discharge cause low dissolved oxygen (DO) in deep areas of the sea.","Dumont, 1998","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[325,"Sea of Azov","Russia, Ukraine",46.2,37,1990,"Persistent","Mortality with reduced benthos","Lower production","The Sea of Azov is the worlds shallowest sea. It is linked by the Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea to the south. It is bounded on the north by Ukraine mainland, on the east by Russia, and on the west by the Crimean peninsula. The Don River is the major river that flows into it. Seasonal and persistent hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s over an area of 8,560 square kilometers. Hypoxic episodes have lowered fishery production and resulted in mortality and a reduction of fauna at the sea bottom.","Balkas et al. 1991; Chechum 1998; Debolskaya et al. 2008","Hypoxic","no","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKfj6tr-7IM; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6tORN44X58&feature=related","pKfj6tr-7IM; P6tORN44X58&feature=related"]
[326,"Port of Jeddah","Saudi Arabia",21.491,39.169,2000,"Unknown","Erosion of coral reef.","Loss of fisheries productivity.","The city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, lies on the coast of the Red Sea. Jeddah is the second largest city in Saudi Arabia and the Port of Jeddah is the Saudi Arabia's principal port serving nearby Mecca and Medina. Nutrients from partially treated sewage and urban wastewater have created eutrophic conditions along the coast. Eutrophic conditions have led to hypoxic events and negative impacts to fisheries and coral reefs.","Mohorjy et al. 2006","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[327,"Clyde Estuary","UK-Scotland",55.889,-4.392,1880,"Improved",null,"Salmon runs returned in 1983 with improved oxygen, had been absent for >120 years.","The Clyde river flows into the Firth of Clyde near the town of Greenock. A sandbar known as Tail of the Bank separates the Clyde estuary from the Firth. The inner part of the Clyde Estuary was anoxic in 1970s and is now hypoxic.  The outer part has not been hypoxic since 1980s. Salmon runs that had been absent for more than 120 years briefly returned in 1983 as oxygen conditions improved. Conditions in the estuary seem to have improved in the last few years.","SEPA 2008","Improved","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[328,"Firth of Clyde","UK-Scotland",55.7,-4.95,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Firth of Clyde forms a large area of coastal water, sheltered from the Atlantic ocean by the Kintyre peninsula which encloses the outer firth in Argyll and Ayrshire, Scotland. The Firth of Clyde is polluted by municipal and industrial wastewaters. Hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s.","Bock et al. 2003","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[329,"Forth estuary","UK-Scotland",56.01066,-3.339275,1960,"Improved",null,"Fish kills","The Firth of Forth is a fjord, formed by the Forth Glacier in the last glacial period, that flows into the North Sea. The Forth Estuary improved from nutrient management both domestic and industrial, yet it still experiences episodes of low oxygen in upper estuary.","Griffiths, 1987; Balls et al. 1996; SEPA, 2008","Improved","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[330,"Loch Ailort","UK-Scotland",56.25,-5.74,1990,"Episodic","Reduced",null,"Loch Ailort is one of two lochs that make up the Sound of Arisaig in Scotland. Loch Ailort contains numerous salmon farms. Episodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s, reducing life in the benthic zone.","Gillibrand et al. 1996","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[331,"Loch Creran","UK-Scotland",57.3,-5.5,1970,"Persistent","Mass Mortality",null,"Loch Creran is located Argyll, on the west coast of Scotland. Persistent hypoxia has been observed since the 1970s, resulting in mass mortality at the sea bottom (benthic zone).","Gage, 1972","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[332,"Sullom Voe","UK-Scotland",60.450014,-1.298763,1980,"Persistent","Mass Mortality",null,"Sullom Voe is an inlet between North Mainland and Northmavine  on Shetland  in Scotland. It is a location of the Sullom Voe oil terminal and also home to salmon farm operations. Persistent hypoxia in Sullom Voe has been observed since the 1980s, resulting in mass mortality at the sea bottom.","Pearson & Eleftheriou, 1981","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[333,"Senegal River Delta","Senegal",16.0422,-16.495,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Senegal River, located in West Africa, forms the border between Senegal and Mauritania. The sources of the Senegal River are located in Guinea and in the wetter southwestern part of Mali. The Senegal River basin includes 3.5 million inhabitants, 80 percent of whom live near the river. Agriculture is the primary economic activity within the basin. Eutrophication is caused by agricultural runoff as well as sewage and industrial discharges. Eutrophication has been exacerbated by dams which reduce water flow to downstream regions. Eutrophication is linked to the proliferation of invasive plants and fish kills. ","Tayaa et al. 2005","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[334,"Hann Bay","Senegal",14.71667,-17.41667,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Twenty-five years ago, Hann Bay was one of the most pristine bays in the world. In the 1980s, villagers noticed that their bay was becoming increasingly polluted because of the lack of sewage infrastructure and untreated wastewater from industry.  The City of Dakar and new, multinational industries regularly dump wastewater into the bay.  As a result, sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff has caused eutrophication in the bay.","Tayaa et al. 2005","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[335,"Berg River","South Africa",-32.76667,18.15,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Berg River discharges to the Atlantic Ocean north of Cape Town, South Africa. Approximately 65 percent of the Berg River basin is devoted to agriculture. A recent study found that that inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the Berg River increase downstream by a factor of more than 10 in response to anthropogenic inputs (agriculture, industry and sewage). Hypereutrophic conditions have been observed along the Berg River; at the river mouth, eutrophication has had a negative impact on invertebrates at the sea bottom.","de Villiers, 2007","Eutrophic","The deteriorating nutrient status of the Berg River, South Africa. Water SA. 2007;33(5):659–664.",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[336,"Saldanha Bay","South Africa",-33.009,17.968,1970,"Unknown","Mass mortality in 1972, Macrofauna reduced and trophic groups shifted.",null,"Saldanha Bay is a natural harbour on the southwestern coast of South Africa, northwest of Cape Town.  Hypoxia in Saldanha Bay is related to both fish processing effluent that was discharged in the 1970s as well as mussel aquaculture impacts.","Christie & Moldan, 1977; Stenton-Dozey et al. 2001","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[337,"St. Lucia Estuary","South Africa",-28.3837,32.4217,2000,"Episodic",null,null,"St. Lucia Estuary, part of the Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park, is a United Nations World Heritage Site located on the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa. The St. Lucia Estuary is prone to hypoxia during droughts, and is made worse by hydrologic modification and water diversion.","Pillay & Perissinotto, 2009","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[338,"Bilbao Estuary","Spain",43.332362,-3.020819,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Bilbao Estuary (Spanish: Ría de Bilbao / Basque: Bilboko Itsasadarra) lies at the common mouth of the rivers Nervion, Ibaizabal and Cadagua, that drain most of Biscay and part of Alava in the Basque Country, Spain. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1990s, resulting in mortality at the sea bottom. Worm activity is reduced during hypoxic events because there is less access to air bubbles in worm burrows at these times. This estuary has a 150 year history of sewage and industrial discharges. Starting in the 1980s, the Spanish government began to regulate these discharges. As a result, water quality began to improve in the 1990s. A 2001 report stated that hypoxic events are now infrequent.","Saiz-Salinas & Frances-Zubillaga, 1997; Gonzales-Oreja & Saiz-Salinas, 1998","Improved","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[339,"A Coruña Harbour","Spain",43.4,-8.4,1990,"Episodic","No mortality of benthos.",null,"A Coruña Harbour is a busy port located on a promontory in the entrance of the Ria (estuary) of A Coruña. The main anthropogenic source of nutrients to the harbour is sewage from the town of A Coruña. Eutrophication leads to high phytoplankton biomass and episodic hypoxia events which have been observed here since the 1990s.","Lopez-Jamar et al. 1995","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[341,"Bahía de Cádiz","Spain",36.53333,-6.26667,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Bahía de Cádiz (or the Bay of Cadiz) receives inflow from the Guadalete, Iro, and Rota Salado Rivers. This area is classified as eutrophic based on elevated levels of winter dissolved inorganic nitrogen compared to background values. Coastal development has altered the hydrology of bay and increased nutrient loading.","Establier et al. 1990","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[342,"Ria San Martin","Spain",43.410415,-4.02702,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here in the past decade as a result of sewage, pulp mills, and industry. A wastewater treatment plant is under construction nearby in Torrelavega.","Puente et al. 2008","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[343,"Arkona Basin","Sweden",54.936,13.833,1980,"Persistent","Reduced benthos",null,"The shallow Arkona Basin (Baltic Sea) extends from Bornholm to the Danish isles of Falster and Zealand. Persistent hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s over an area of 1000 square kilometers.","Karlson et al. 2002","Hypoxic","yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[344,"Byfjord","Sweden",59.03,11.22,1970,"Persistent","Mortality with reduced benthos","Only pelagic species","The Byfjord is a sill fjord in the Orust and Tjörn fjord system on the Swedish west coast. On the eastern shore of the fjord lies the city of Uddevalla. The Bäveån River also discharges here and is the largest freshwater source to the fjord. Persistent hypoxia/anoxia has been observed here since the 1970s, causing mortality and reduced marine life at the sea bottom.","Rosenberg et al. 1977; Rosenberg, 1990 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[345,"Gotland Basin, East","Sweden",57.5,20.1,1960,"Persistent","Mortality with reduced benthos. Recolonized after renewal of bottom water.","Low oxygen hampers the development of cod eggs; cod prey has also been reduced: large isopod, Saduria entomon, and snake blenny, Lumpenus lampetraeformis, have disappeared from deep waters","The Gotland Basin is the large central basin in the Baltic Sea between Sweden and the Baltic countries. It is subdivided into the Gdansk Deep (or Gdansk Basin), the Western Gotland Basin and the Eastern Gotland Basin. Within the Eastern Gotland Basin, eutrophication and lack of bottom water renewal have created extensive hypoxia. Persistent hypoxia has been observed here since the 1960s over an area of nearly 40,000 square kilometers, causing mortality and reduced marine life at the sea bottom. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels hamper the development of cod eggs here, and cod prey has also been reduced. Large isopods (a type of crustacean), Saduria entomon (a smaller isopod), and snake blenny (Lumpenus lampetraeformis, an eel-like fish) have disappeared from deep waters. ","deJonge et al. 1994; Nissling & Vallin, 1996; Johansson, 1997; Laine et al. 1997; Karlson et al. 2002","Hypoxic","yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[346,"Gotland Basin, North","Sweden",58.9,20.5,1960,"Persistent","Mortality with reduced benthos. Recolonized after renewal of bottom water.","Avoidance, mortality/low hatch cod eggs","The Gotland Basin is the large central basin in the Baltic Sea between Sweden and the Baltic countries. It is subdivided into the Gdansk Deep (or Gdansk Basin), the Western Gotland Basin, the Eastern Gotland Basin, and the Northern Gotland Basin. Within the Northern Gotland Basin, persistent hypoxia has been observed since the 1960s over an area of nearly 14,300 square kilometers, causing mortality and reduced marine life at the sea bottom in addition to hampering the development of cod eggs. Eutrophication and lack of bottom water renewal are the cause of the extensive hypoxia. ","Nissling & Vallin, 1996; Laine et al. 1997 ","Hypoxic","yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[347,"Gullmarsfjorden, Alsback Deep","Sweden",58.33,11.33,1970,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery. Decreased species richness, abundance","Low foram diversity at deep periodically hypoxic/anoxic areas","Gullmarsfjorden is a fjord on the Swedish west coast. The Gullmarsfjorden receives partially treated sewage from nearby towns as well as industrial discharges from pulp and paper mills along its shores. Eutrophication first became apparent here in the 1980s over a 25 square meter area; current hypoxia in Gullmarsfjorden typically evolves in autumn and winter.  Episodes lead to a low diversity of foram (a type of single-celled protist) and mass mortality in the benthic zone (sea bottom). The benthos require several years to recover from a hypoxic episode. Deeper areas experience periodic anoxia (extreme hypoxia). Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1970s.","Josefson and Widbom, 1988; Nilsson & Rosenberg, 2000; Gustafsson & Nordberg, 2001","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[348,"Havstens Fjord","Sweden",58.298,11.766,1960,"Seasonal","Low foram diversity and abundance at deeper hypoxic/anoxic areas",null,"Havstens Fjord on the Swedish west coast is characterized by strong stratification and stagnant bottom water with periodically occurring low-oxygen and anoxic conditions. Annual hypoxia or anoxia has been recorded here since 1962. Low diversity of foram (a kind of single-celled protist) is observed at deeper hypoxic and anoxic areas."," Rosenberg, 1990; Gustafsson & Nordberg 2000","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[349,"Himmerfjärden Fjord","Sweden",59,17.717,1970,"Improved","Reduced but now recovering.",null,"Himmerfjärden is a coastal fjord-like inlet of the Baltic Sea located south of Stockholm. In 1974 sewage from Stockholm that was once discharged to Lake Mälaren was re-directed to Himmerfjärden. Himmerfjärden now receives 60 percent and 30 percent of nitrogen and phosphorus inputs respectively from a single sewage treatment plant. The remaining nutrient loads are attributable to other land-based sources and Lake Mälaren. As a result of eutrophic conditions, the fjord has experienced persistent hypoxia over an area of 11 square kilometers. Conditions have begun to improve, as a result of increased denitrification at the sewage treatment plants discharging to the fjord.","Savage et al. 2002; Boesch et al. 2006 ","Improved","yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[350,"Koljöfjord","Sweden",58.25,11.583,1940,"Periodic","Mortality with annual recolonization","Low foram diversity at deep periodically hypoxic/anoxic areas, low macrofaunal biomass","Koljöfjord lies on Sweden's west coast on the Skagerrak coast and is characterized by strong stratification and stagnant bottom water with periodically occurring low oxygen and anoxic conditions. Low foram (a type of single-celled protist) diversity has been observed in hypoxic and anoxic (severely hypoxic) areas. Mortality has been observed at the sea bottom, although these regions typically recover within a year.","Gustafsson & Nordberg, 1999; Nordberg et al. 2001; Rosenberg et al. 2001","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[351,"Laholm Bay","Sweden",56.54,12.81,1980,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization","Mortality","Laholm Bay lies on Sweden's Kattegat coast (Baltic Sea). Riverine inputs are the primary external source of nutrients (90 percent); sewage discharge and atmospheric sources account for the remainder of nutrient inputs to the Bay. Of the riverine inputs, approximately 40 percent originates from forested land uses and another 40 percent from agricultural land uses. Nutrient inputs have increased approximately four-fold between 1960 and 1990. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1980s, resulting in mortality of both fish and creatures at the sea bottom (benthic zone). Benthos recolonize annually.","Rosenberg & Loo, 1988; Baden et al. 1990 ","Hypoxic","yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[353,"St. Anna Archipelago","Sweden",58.405,16.746,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"St. Anna archipelago lies in the middle of the Östgöta Archipelago and stretches from Aspöja in the north to Södra Finnö in the south. This coastal stretch is known for its many nature reserves and thousands of islands and bays. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1980s over an area of 25 square kilometers.","Karlson et al. 2002","Hypoxic","yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[354,"Stigfjord","Sweden",58.092,11.642,1970,"Seasonal","Mortality","Stressed","Stigfjord lies on Sweden's Skaggerak coast near the Swedish Skagerrak archipelago. The fjord has experienced declining water quality since the 1960s with seasonal hypoxia occurring since the 1970s. Fauna in the fjord have been significantly reduced as a result of eutrophication. ","Rosenberg & Nilsson, 2005","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[355,"Stockholm Inner Archipelago","Sweden",59.47,18.78,1970,"Persistent","No Benthos and no recruitment",null,"The Stockholm Archipelago is comprised of at least 20,000 islands and is one of the most important recreational areas for Sweden. Land use in the drainage basin is a mixture of agriculture, urban, and forest. The inner region receives nutrient inputs from sewage treatment plants serving the Stockholm metropolitan area. Persistent hypoxia has been observed here since 1970. In areas affected by hypoxia there are no benthos present and no annual recruitment.","Boesch et al. 2006","Hypoxic","yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[357,"Kattegat (SE)","Sweden, Denmark",56.86,11.46,1950,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery","Reduced demersal fish abundance, Collapse Norway Lobster","The Kattegat is a sea area bounded by the Jutland peninsula and the Straits islands of Denmark on the west and south, and the provinces of Scania, Halland and Bohuslän in Sweden on the east. The Baltic Sea drains into the Kattegat through the Øresund and the Danish Straits. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1950s over an area of 3,850 square kilometers. Nitrogen loading to the sea has increased as much as 4-fold and phosphorus has increased about 8-fold over natural levels. Dissolved oxygen levels are lowest in September and October. Marine life at the sea bottom dies off with each hypoxic episode and requires several years to recover. Fish directly above the sea bottom (demersal fish) have seen a reduction in numbers and the Norway lobster fishery has collapsed here.","Baden et al. 1990; Josefson & Jensen, 1992; Rosenberg et al. 1992; Peterson & Pihl, 1995 ","Hypoxic","no","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8"]
[359,"Iddefjord","Sweden, Norway",59.3,11.1,1960,"Persistent (Improved)","Mortality with reduced benthos",null,"The Iddefjord runs along the Norwegian – Swedish border from the Singlefjord. Persistent hypoxia has been observed since the 1960s over an area of 80 square kilometers, causing mortality and reduced marine life at the sea bottom. Hypoxic events have been attributed in part to a sulfur pulp mill in the vicinity which has recently closed. A s a result, conditions in the fjord have improved.","Rosenberg, 1980; Morvael et al. 2007","Improved","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[360,"Danshuei River Estuary","Taiwan",25.176283,121.403033,1990,"Persistent","mortality","mortality","The Danshuei (Tan-Shui) River Estuary is the largest tidal river and one of the most heavily polluted rivers in Taiwan, consisting of three major tributaries: the Tahan Stream, Hsintien Stream, and Keelung River. There are six million people living in the river basin, which includes the capital city of Taipei. Hypoxic/anoxic conditions have been observed in the upper estuary since the 1990s. ","Jeng & Han, 1996; Fang & Lin, 2002; Lin et al. 2007","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[361,"Prawn culture ponds","Taiwan",22.856017,120.206644,2000,"Seasonal","Mortality","Mortality of prawns, reduced growth, depressed immune system in Macrobrachium rosenbergii","Prawn culture ponds are numerous in the many bays along the Taiwan coast. Seasonal hypoxia within prawn culture ponds has been observed in the past decade as a result of the decomposition of unconsumed food and feces. Both the prawns that are grown in the ponds and creatures at the sea bottom have experienced mortality. Prawn growth is also reduced and their immune systems are depressed as a result of hypoxic events.","Cheng et al. 2002","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[363,"Bandon Bay","Thailand",9.283,99.283,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"Bandon Bay is located in the upper Gulf of Thailand in the Surat Thani Province. It extends from the Sui cape in Chaiya district in the northwest to the Kanchanadit district to the east. The bay is dominated by the estuary of the rivers Tapi and Phum Duang. The coastline, once covered by vast mangrove swamps, has now been mostly replaced with shrimp farms. Shrimp waste and riverine nutrient inputs have led to phytoplankton blooms and low oxygen events. ","Kaewnern & Yakupitiyage, 2008","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[364,"Middle Songkhla Lake","Thailand",7.484,100.307,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"The Songkhla lake is a coastal lagoon located on the Malay peninsula in the southern part of Thailand. Covering an area of 1,040 square kilometers, it borders the provinces of Songkhla and Phattalung. This eutrophic system is poorly flushed and experiences hypoxia. High levels of mercury have also been reported in the system.","Anonymous, 2006","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[365,"Pak Phanang Bay","Thailand",8.409811,100.136975,2000,"Episodic",null,null,"Pak Phanang Bay is a shallow bay formed by the  elongated Talumphuk peninsula at the mouth of the Pak Phanang river. It is about 3 kilometers wide at the mouth of the river and 10 kilometers at the top of the peninsula. Originally the coastline of the bay consisted of tidal flats and mangrove forests, however much of the western coast had been converted into shrimp farms. Episodic hypoxia has been observed in the bay and is thought to be caused by a combination of natural weather events and nutrient pollution from riverine inputs as well as shrimp farms. ","Foulkes et al. 2007","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[366,"Tha Chin River Estuary","Thailand",13.527,100.265,2000,"Unknown",null,"Fishery resources significantly decreased.","The Tha Chin River is a distributary of the Chao Phraya River in Thailand. It splits near the town Chainat and then flows westerly from the Chao Phraya through the central plain, until it flows into the Gulf of Thailand at the town Samut Sakhon. Brackish to marine areas in the Tha Chin Estuary are strongly hypertrophic during both dry and wet periods. High nutrient loads to the estuary originate from the surrounding agricultural land use, agro-industry, and sewage. Noctiluca and Ceratium red tide outbreaks have occurred around tidal front closed to the estuary. ","Meksumpun & Meksumpun, 2008","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[367,"Lake Tunis","Tunisia",36.819,10.247,1980,"Improved",null,"Reduced worm reefs, fish kills, and H2S odor permeates the city of Tunis during the summer","Lake Tunis, or Lac de Tunis, is a natural lagoon located between the Tunisian capital city of Tunis and the Gulf of Tunis (Mediterranean Sea). Seasonal hypoxia was first observed here in the 1980s, but it may have been occurring for hundreds of years. The hypoxic episodes cause fish kills, reduce worm reefs, and caused an odor of hydrogen sulfide to permeate the city of Tunis during the summer. Restoration efforts begun in 2001 have led to improved water quality in the lagoon.","Kelly & Naguib, 1984; Charrada, 1995;  Shili et al. 2003; Souissi et al. 2003; Tlig-Zouari et al. 2009","Improved","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[368,"Golden Horn Estuary","Turkey",41.031,28.957,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Golden Horn, a tributary to the Bosphorus, is an historically important sea port. It became seriously polluted with the extensive industrialization and rapid population growth in Istanbul over the past century. Two main tributaries, the Alibeykoy and the Kagithane, dumped both liquid and solid waste from residential areas and industry (small- and large-scale) into the Golden Horn. As a result of this pollution, the landward three to four kilometers of the estuary became swamped with sediment, and the waters became anoxic, resulting in an unpleasant sulfide smell. In early 1997, the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality began a dredging operation and gradually diverted all domestic and industrial wastewater discharge from the Golden Horn. Since then there have been remarkable improvements in water quality.","Aslam et al. 2004","Improved","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[369,"Izmit Bay","Turkey",40.732,29.756,1990,"Unknown","Mass Mortality","Mass mortality","The elongated Bay of Izmit, which opens to the Sea of Marmara, is one of the most heavily polluted semi-enclosed basins in Turkey. Hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s, caused, in part, from sewage discharge to the bay. Mass mortality has been observed among fish and at the sea bottom. Phytoplankton production in the bay is two to four times that of the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. ","Balkis, 2003","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[370,"Marmara Sea","Turkey",40.72,28.21,1980,"Persistent",null,"No fish present in low oxygen area","The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea connecting the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea. Eutrophication is the central water quality issue facing the Sea of Marmara. Eutrophication in the Sea of Marmara has led to toxic and nuisance algal blooms and hypoxia. It is estimated that roughly half of the nitrogen entering the Sea of Marmara is from the Black Sea while the other half originates from the surrounding catchment area. ","Baykut et al. 1987; Besiktepe et al. 1994","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[371,"Irish Sea","UK",54.26667,-4.66667,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Irish Sea is a semi-enclosed sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean via two narrow channels to the north and south. Eutrophication was first observed offshore in 1998, caused primarily by anthropogenic pollution on the English coast. Dissolved nutrient levels in the sea have increased considerably since the 1960s corresponding to increases in phytoplankton biomass.","Allen et al. 1998","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[372,"Pagham Harbour","UK-England",50.76667,-0.75,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Pagham Harbour is a natural harbour on England's south coast south of the city of Chichester and near the towns of Pagham and Selsey. Its importance for wildlife has resulted in its designation as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, a Special Protection Area, and a Ramsar site. In spring or autumn, rare migratory birds can often be seen. Pagham Harbour Local Nature Reserve covers 6 square kilometers of salt marsh, mudflats, farmland, copses, lagoons, reed beds and shingle beaches. Nutrient pollution from agricultural runoff and sewage discharge have caused macroalgae (seaweed) blooms. Macroalgae blooms have cut off access to food for local birds, fish, and crustaceans and depleted oxygen in the water.","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[373,"Portsmouth Harbour","UK-England",50.81667,-1.11667,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Portsmouth Harbour is a large natural harbour in Hampshire, England. The mouth of the harbour provides access to the Solent, a strait separating the Isle of Wight from the mainland of England. Nutrient pollution from municipal wastewater and agricultural runoff have led to macroalgae (seaweed) blooms choking the waterways of the Solent, including Portsmouth Harbour. Assesments carried out by OSPAR during 2002 and 2008 classify the system as a Problem Area in terms of nutrient enrichment. ","OSPAR, 2002; 2008","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[375,"Inner Belfast Lough & Tidal Lagan Impoundment","UK-Northern Ireland",54.662529,-5.852552,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Belfast Lough is a large, natural intertidal sea lough situated at the mouth of the River Lagan on the east coast of Northern Ireland on the Irish Sea. The inner part of the lough comprises a series of mudflats and lagoons. The catchment area is highly urbanized. As much as 57 percent of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loads to the lough originate from agricultural sources. However in the summer months, when agricultural runoff is less, DIN from sewage treatment plants constitute 67 percent of the total load to the inner lough. Sewage treatment plants contribute 72 percent of phosphorus while agriculture contributes an estimated 28 percent. Hypoxia has been observed in the past decade.","OSPAR, 2003","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[376,"Quoile Pondage (in Strangford Lough Catchment)","UK-Northern Ireland",54.353376,-5.699665,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Quoile Pondage is part of Strangford Lough, located to the southwest where the Quoile river enters the Lough. The Quoile barrage was built in 1957 at Hare Island to prevent flooding of farmland and Downpatrick town. The Pondage receives discharge from the Downpatrick wastewater treatment works. The Quoile Pondage drains to the Lough twice daily at low tide. One study found that dissolved oxygen measures in Quoile Pondage ranged from 14.5 to 2.8 mg/L, with DO levels falling below 6 mg/L on three separate occasions. Fish kills linked to low dissolved oxygen and stratification have taken place in the hot summer months. In 2001, the Quoile Pondage was designated as a sensitive area (eutrophic) under the EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive.","OSPAR, 2003","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[377,"Strangford Lough Catchment","UK-Northern Ireland",54.486943,-5.582652,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Strangford Lough is a large fjordic sea lough on the east coast of Northern Ireland. The two main freshwater flows into Strangford Lough are the Comber (Enler) and the Quoile Rivers. The Strangford Lough catchment area is approximately 770 square kilometers. Land in the catchment is predominantly agricultural and supports beef and dairy cattle with some intensive arable farming in the Comber catchment around the northern end of the Lough. There are 36 wastewater treatment works in the Strangford Lough catchment, serving a population of approximately 91,000. It is estimated that 87 percent of total nitrogen and 37 percent of total phosphorus entering the Lough originates from agricultural sources with the remainder attributable to wastewater treatment works. The upper part of Strangford Lough has elevated nutrient levels as a result of riverine nutrient inputs. Algal blooms have been observed in the summer months, and eel grass communities have been negatively impacted by opportunistic blue-green algae which smother the eel grass beds. Eutrophication symptoms are observed to be fairly mild, but with a chance of worsening if steps are not taken to reduce nutrient inputs. Hypoxia has been observed in the past decade.","OSPAR, 2003; http://www.cefas.co.uk/media/ospardocs/northernpercent20ireland/StrangfordLoughAddendum-Final.pdf","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[378,"Fleet lagoon","UK-Wales",50.616111,-2.519722,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Fleet Lagoon (Wales, UK) is formed by Chesil Beach, a barrier beach, and the mainland; it extends approximately 18 miles along the Jurassic Coast of Wales. The Fleet is home to many wading birds and is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nutrient pollution from agricultural runoff and sewage discharge have led to eutrophic conditions. Toxic and nuisance algal blooms have been observed.","OSPAR, 2003; See also: http://www.ukilometersarinesac.org.uk/activities/lagoons/l4_2.htm","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[379,"Loughor Estuary","UK-Wales",51.66139,-4.08222,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Loughor Estuary flows into Carmarthen Bay. The south side of the estuary supports a cockle industry. Mass cockle mortalities have become annual occurrence in late spring. These mortalities have been linked to sewage effluents and overflows of screened storm sewage during wet weather conditions. As of 2008, investments in improved sewage treatment were underway. The Loughor Estuary and the freshwater River Loughor (upstream of Loughor Bridge) have been designated as Sensitive Areas (eutrophic) under the EU's Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. This directive prescribes minimum levels of treatment and provides for nutrient removal where receiving waters are classified as sensitive arising from their eutrophic status. Further studies are ongoing to determine if the Loughor Estuary should also be designated as a Polluted Water (eutrophic) under the Nitrate Directive. Should this follow, then the catchment area would become a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone and all farms in this area would be subject to new regulatory controls, such as restrictions on the use of fertilizers. ","OSPAR, 2003; http://online.carmarthenshire.gov.uk/agendas/cym/PCYN20090122/REP06_01.HTM","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[380,"Black Sea NW Shelf","Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria",45.5,30.3,1960,"Improved","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization","Reduced, now recovering","The Black Sea is an inland sea ultimately connected to the Mediterranean via various straits. The northwest shelf of the Black Sea is bordered by Romania, Bulgaria and the Ukraine and is highly influenced by riverine inputs from the Danube River. As much as 40,000 square kilometers of bottom was affected by hypoxia in 1990. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1960s over an area of 40,000 square kilometers. In the 1980s, the Black Sea dead zone was the second largest dead zone related to eutrophication. The area has seen some improvement since nutrient management began in the watershed during the 1990s. The fisheries are recovering and mass mortality at the sea bottom (benthos) has been reduced. However, a hypoxic event occurred in 2001 which caused a massive fish kill. "," Zaitsev, 1993; Bakan & Buyukgungor, 2000; Friedrich et al. 2002; Mee, 2006; McQuatters-Gollop et al. 2008 ","Improved","no","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKfj6tr-7IM; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6tORN44X58&feature=related","pKfj6tr-7IM; P6tORN44X58&feature=related"]
[381,"Dubai Creek","United Arab Emirates",25.259722,55.312186,2000,"Seasonal","Benthic community reduced to one tolerant Capitellid polychaete species.","Fish kill in 2004","Dubai Creek or Khor Dubai is a saltwater creek located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is a eutrophic system with high organic and nutrient loading from sewage discharge. There has been a near 6-fold increase in nitrate loads to the creek from 1996 to 2005. Tidal flow in creek is small making retention time long. In 2004, a hypoxic event led to a massive fish kill. Eutrophication has also been linked to red tides and impacts to the benthic (bottom dwelling) communities.","Saunders et al. 2007; Landais, 2008 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[382,"Río de la Plata Estuary","Argentina/Uruguay",-34.861231,-57.190164,2000,"Unknown",null,"Change in trophic structure","The Río de la Plata is the river formed by the combination of the Uruguay River and the Paraná River. It is a funnel-shaped indentation on the southeastern coastline of South America, extending 290 kilometers (180 mi) from the rivers' confluence to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Uruguay to the north and Argentina to the south.  The estuary serves as a drainage basin for one fifth of South America, including southeastern Bolivia, central and south Brazil, most of Uruguay, northern Argentina, and all of Paraguay. Eutrophic conditions and toxic algal blooms in the estuary have been observed since the 1980s. Nonpoint sources are the dominant nutrient source, particularly from pasture lands within that watershed that provide 20 percent of the world's cattle. The cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo contributed 25 percent of the nutrient load in the early 1980s due to untreated sewage. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the 1990s, and has resulted in a change in the composition of fish diversity and trophic structure.","Nagy et al. 2002","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[383,"Montevideo Bay","Uruguay",-34.917,-56.217,2000,"Seasonal","Mass mortality, Reduced biodiversity","No fish present in low oxygen area","Montevideo Bay lies on La Plata estuary. Nutrient inputs from domestic and industrial wastewater have led to eutrophication, including algal blooms, seasonal hypoxia, benthic mortality, and reduced biodiversity. ","Danulat et al. 2002","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[384,"US Virgin Islands","US Virgin Islands",17.69081,-64.74931,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The U.S. Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Saint Croix, Saint John and Saint Thomas, Water Island, and many other surrounding minor islands. The islands are home to over 100,000 residents and host over 2 million tourists a year.  Eutrophication has caused algal blooms and fish kills in coastal areas of the U.S. Virgin Islands. Probable causes include failed septic systems, animal operations, and sewage discharge from boats.","Bernal et al. 2004","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[385,"Alabama Inner Shelf","US-Alabama",30.177,-88.101,1950,"Episodic",null,null,"Alabama's Inner Continental Shelf experiences some hypoxia, but it is not widespread, recurring, or seasonally definable. The area of Dauphin Island has been hypoxic from 1950s based on foram proxies. Oxygen levels declined significantly from 1980s to 1990s.","Rabalais et al. 1985; Rabalais, 1998; Byrnes et al. 1999; Brunner et al. 2006 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[386,"Bon Secour Bay","US-Alabama",30.3,-87.88,2000,"Periodic","Mortality","Loss of oyster","Bon Secour Bay is a contiguous bay that sits to the east of Mobile Bay. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade, resulting in the loss of oysters and mortality at the sea bottom.","Rikard et al. 2000","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[387,"Mobile Bay","US-Alabama",30.46,-88,1860,"Seasonal","Mass mortality of oysters","Occasional shoreward migration of hypoxia stressed fish and crustaceans (Jubilees)","Mobile Bay is on the Gulf of Mexico. It is formed on the eastern side by the Fort Morgan Peninsula and by the Dauphin Island on the west side. It has a surface area of 1,058 square kilometers and an average depth of three meters. It is the fourth largest estuary in the United States, several small rivers empty into it, and it is the terminus of the Mobile River System. Mobile Bay poses an exception to the summer patterns of hypoxia seen throughout most of the Gulf of Mexico as it experiences hypoxia throughout the entire bay at any time in the year. Winter stratification plays an important role here. Some records show that the bay may have been hypoxic in the 1800s. Although some improvements were made in oxygen levels between the 1990s and 2000s, the bottom is still affected by hypoxia. The greatest area of concern is east of the Mobile Ship Channel in the middle and upper bay. These dredged channels complicate the mixing patterns for the otherwise shallow bay. High nitrate values here are principally caused by domestic sewage from the city of Mobile and paper mill effluents. ","Loesch, 1960; May, 1973; Rabalais, et al. 1985; Pennock et al. 1994; Bricker et al. 1999; Engle et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[388,"Weeks Bay","US-Alabama",30.4005,-87.830414,1990,"Diel",null,"Reduced reproduction in Fundulus.","Weeks Bay is located between Mobile, Alabama and Pensacola, Florida. It is a small estuarine embayment averaging a depth of 1.4 m and a drainage area of almost 510 square kilometers. Weeks Bay, together with the Pelican and Bon Secour Bays form part of the larger Mobile Bay System.  Weeks Bay experiences diel hypoxia in July and little seasonal variation throughout the rest of the summer.","Cheek et al. MS; Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[389,"Wolf Bay","US-Alabama",30.3128834,-87.5915,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Wolf Bay is located to the east of Bon Secor beach near Orange Beach, Alabama. Hypoxia was first observed in Wolf Bay in the 1990s. Wolf Bay is now part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Rabalais et al. 1985; Engle et al. 1999 ","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[390,"Ward Cove","US-Alaska",55.417,-131.731,1950,"Unknown",null,"Periodic fish kill in 1950s","Pollution in Ward Cove was originally related to pulp mill discharges in 1954-1997. The cove has poor circulation and experiences constant low oxygen in some areas. Periodic fish kills occurred in the 1950s.","Karna, 2003","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[391,"Alamitos Bay","US-California",33.754,-118.113,2000,"Episodic",null,null,"Alamitos Bay is an inlet in the Pacific Ocean between Long Beach and Seal Beach, and is an outlet of the San Gabriel River. Alamitos Bay has a high population density, leading to high levels of nutrient runoff. Oxygen levels improved from 1990s to 2000s, but an estimated area of two square kilometers has still been affected by episodic hypoxia in the past decade.","Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[392,"Anaheim Bay","US-California",33.734272,-118.09215,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Anaheim Bay is home to a naval station, wildlife refuge and leads to Huntington Bay. Moderately eutrophic areas have been observed in Anaheim Bay, resulting from urban runoff and agriculture in the watershed.","Bricker et al. 2007","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[393,"Azevedo Pond","US-California",36.848,-121.755,1990,"Diel",null,null,"Azevedo Pond is the upper pond of the Elkhorn Slough. Elkhorn Slough is a tidal slough and estuary in Monterey Bay, California. Elkhorn Slough harbors the largest tract of tidal salt marsh in California outside of San Francisco Bay and provides much-needed habitat for hundreds of species of plants and animals, including more than 340 species of birds. Elkhorn Slough is located within a highly productive agricultural landscape and receives high nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff. Eutrophication has led to high phytoplankton populations, persistent macroalgal mats, and hypoxia. Diel cycling of low oxygen to high primary production have been observed in the Azevedo Pond since the 1990s.","Beck & Bruland, 2000","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[394,"Central San Francisco/San Pablo/Suisun Bays","US-California",38.6474,-122.3857,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Moderate eutrophication has been observed along with a high level of harmful algal blooms as a result of agriculture, urban runoff, and insufficient wastewater treatment in the region.","Bricker et al. 2007","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[395,"Coyote Creek","US-California",37.467,-122,1970,"Episodic",null,"Fisherman reported absence of fish and pelagic invertebrates, fish returned after hypoxia ended","An estimated area of five square kilometers has been affected by episodic hypoxia since the 1970s, caused at least in part by sewage spills. During hypoxic events, fishermen have reported the temporary absence of fish and pelagic invertebrates (includes jellyfish). Fish returned to the area after the hypoxic event had ended.","Cloern & Oremland, 1983","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[396,"Elkhorn Slough","US-California",36.814,-121.764,1990,"Improved",null,null,"Elkhorn Slough is a tidal slough and estuary in Monterey Bay, California. Elkhorn Slough harbors the largest tract of tidal salt marsh in California outside of San Francisco Bay and provides much-needed habitat for hundreds of species of plants and animals, including more than 340 species of birds. Elkhorn Slough is located within a highly productive agricultural landscape and receives high nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff. Eutrophication has led to high phytoplankton populations, persistent macroalgal mats, and hypoxia. ","Collias, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007; Sanger et al. 2002 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[397,"Long Beach Harbor","US-California",33.7539,-118.1776,1960,"Improved",null,null,"Long Beach Harbor (Port of Long Beach) is located along the waterfront of Long Beach, California, 25 miles south of Los Angeles. The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States (behind the Port of Los Angeles). In the 1950s, dissolved oxygen levels averaged less than 1 mg/L on an annual basis. Water quality in the harbor has improved recently as a result of increased runoff controls in the drainage area. ","Collias, 1985; Whitledge, 1985","Improved","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[398,"Los Angeles Harbor","US-California",33.7171,-118.2653,1950,"Improved","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery",null,"Los Angeles Harbor (Port of Los Angeles) is  located on San Pedro Bay in the San Pedro neighborhood of Los Angeles; it is the busiest container port in the United States. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1950s, although the situation has improved recently due to nutrient management in the watershed. Hypoxic events have caused mass mortality at the sea bottom (benthic zone), and the benthic zone usually requires several years to recover.","Reish, 1955; Collias, 1985; Reish, 2000","Improved","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[399,"Monterey Bay","US-California",36.79,-121.904,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean, along the central coast of California. The bay is south of San Francisco, between the cities of Santa Cruz and Monterey.  Seasonal hypoxia has been observed in the past decade due to a combination of both natural and anthropogenic factors.","Okey, 2003","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[400,"Newport Bay","US-California",33.622,-117.893,1990,"Improved",null,null,"Urban runoff is the primary source of nutrient loads to Newport Bay. Large macroalgae blooms occur in the Bay, especially after heavy rainfall. Dissolved oxygen levels have improved from the 1990s to the 2000s. Recent observations show that less than a square kilometer of the bay has been affected by periodic hypoxia since the 1990s. Nutrient levels are expected to decrease in the future due to diversion and treatment of stormwater. ","Collias. 1985; Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[401,"North San Francisco Bay Estuary","US-California",37.63,-122.176,2000,"Episodic",null,"Fish Kill","Nutrient sources to San Francisco Bay include discharge from sewage treatment plants as well as urban and agricultural runoff. Seasonal hypoxia was first observed in the 1980s. More recently, seasonal anoxia (severe hypoxia) has resulted in fish kills. The Bay is not nutrient limited, but rather light-limited due to high turbidity. In addition, phytoplankton biomass is largely managed via predation by the introduced Amur River clam.","Lehman et al. 2004","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[402,"San Diego Bay","US-California",32.671,-117.141,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"San Diego Bay is a natural harbor adjacent to San Diego, California; it is separated from the Pacific Ocean by a long narrow strip of land called Silver Strand. High population density leads to high levels of nutrients. An estimated 4.5 square kilometers have been affected by periodic hypoxia since the 1990s.","Collias, 1985; Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[404,"San Joaquin River","US-California",37.969,-121.372,1970,"Episodic","High bacterial respiration and nitrification make oxygen low, stratification is weak.","Salmon migration blocked when oxygen <6 mg/L","The San Joaquin River flows through California's San Joaquin Valley and is used to irrigate 1,500 square miles of highly productive farmland. The river drains to the San Francisco Estuary. Between June and September, the Stockton Deepwater Ship Channel, part of the estuarine San Joaquin River, experiences episodic hypoxia just downstream of where the river enters the channel. Low oxygen conditions interfere with spawning and migration of fish, in particular the Chinook Salmon. In 2003, fish kills of steelhead and salmon were reported as the result of an hypoxic event. Eutrophication is caused in part by sewage discharge from the Stockton Regional Wastewater Control Facility and agricultural runoff from further upstream. ","Jassby & VanNieuwenhuyse, 2000; Lehman et al. 2004; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[405,"Santa Monica Bay","US-California",33.935,-118.466,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Santa Monica Bay, near the city of Los Angeles, receives direct sewage discharges from two wastewater treatment plants. The decomposition of the organic material contained in these solids created low oxygen and high hydrogen sulfide levels in the sediments, reducing the community of benthic organisms living in the sediments (benthic infauna) to only the most pollution tolerant species. The wastewater treatment plants began making steps to improve treatment in the 1960s, and by 2002 both plants had fully upgraded to secondary treatment. The benthic community response index indicated significant improvements in benthic diversity between 1995 and the present. ","NEPCCR 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[406,"South San Francisco Bay","US-California",37.56,-122.178,1960,"Improved",null,null,"Seasonal hypoxia, observed in the South San Francisco Bay since the 1960s, has been nearly eliminated with the construction modernized sewage treatment plants and other methods of nutrient management.","Nichols et al. 1986; Bricker et al. 2007","Improved","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[407,"Tijuana Estuary","US-California",32.559,-117.128,1990,"Improved",null,null,"Tijuana Estuary is a small intertidal coastal estuary on the international border between California and Mexico; three quarters of the estuary catchment is located in Mexico. Extended periods of drought leave parts of the estuary dry during some periods, while flooding inundates the same areas during others. The Tijuana River Estuary is one of the few salt marshes remaining in Southern California, where over 90 percent of wetland habitat has been lost to development. The site is an essential breeding, feeding and nesting ground and key stopover point on the Pacific Flyway for over 370 species of migratory and native birds, including six endangered species. The Tijuana River is the primary source of fresh water to the estuary; it is also a source of untreated sewage from the city of Tijuana, Mexico. An estimated 0.13 square kilometers have been affected by periodic hypoxia in the past decade, though oxygen levels have been improving since 1990.","Sanger et al. 2002; Wenner et al. 2004; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Improved","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[409,"Ash Creek","US-Connecticut",41.2902,-72.347834,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Ash Creek is part of the Housatonic River Basin in Connecticut. Ash Creek is a eutrophic system with severely high phosphorus and nitrogen loading, degraded water quality, and is characterized by low oxygen. ","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[410,"Burr Creek","US-Connecticut",41.397,-72.45,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Burr Creek is part of the Housatonic River Basin in Connecticut. It is an eutrophic system with severely high phosphorus and nitrogen loading, degraded water quality, and is characterized by low oxygen ","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[411,"Connecticut River ","US-Connecticut",41.35,-72.3,1960,"Episodic",null,"Fish kill of Alosa up river related to low oxygen in 1966-1971","The Connecticut River experiences episodic events in its tidal freshwater zone. An estimated area of 12 square kilometers has been affected by episodic hypoxia since the 1990s. The river's condition is likely due to high flushing. The loads of nitrogen and phosphorus that enter are an important source of nutrients to Long Island Sound. The river does not have problems with macroalgae or toxic blooms, yet subaquatic vegetation has been absent for many years.","Moss et al. 1976; Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[412,"Bald Eagle Creek","US-Delaware",38.696,-75.1,2000,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kills","Bald Eagle Creek is a tributary  of the Susquehanna River's West Branch, mostly in Centre County, Pennsylvania. It runs through the Bald Eagle Valley, at the foot of the Bald Eagle Mountain ridge, to Lock Haven.  The Bald Eagle Creek experiences eutrophication and limited tidal exchange with its adjacent body of water. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed in the past decade, resulting in fish kills. ","Luther et al. 2004","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[413,"Blackwater Landing","US-Delaware",39.084,-75.456,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Blackwater Landing is a marsh within the Delaware Bay. Periodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s. ","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[414,"Dead-end canals/Inland bays","US-Delaware",38.518,-75.061,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Manmade, dead-end canals are commonly built within the residential developments along the coastal bays of Delaware and Maryland. Housing infrastructure and concentrated boating activities contribute to nutrient loading in the canals, which are poorly flushed aquatic systems with limited tidal exchange. These canals are typically linear channels with hardened shorelines and a single outlet to the estuary, as their primary purpose is to provide moorage for recreational watercrafts. Contaminate sources near to or associated with canals include overloaded or poorly maintained septic systems; treated lumber used in bulkheads or docks; boat organic contaminants, anti-fouling paints, and overboard discharges; stormwater runoff; and a variety of household and lawncare products.","Maxted et al. 1997","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[415,"Delaware River","US-Delaware",39.87,-75.09,1910,"Improved",null,"Recovering American shad and striped bass fishery","Low oxygen was first recorded in Delaware River in 1915, and seasonal and episodic hypoxia have been observed since the 1990s. The Delaware Bay system is an historically turbid system due to resuspension. The area has recently improved due to nutrient management in the watershed. Both the American shad and striped bass fishery here are recovering.","Patrick 1988; Weisberg et al. 1996; Summers et al. 1997 ","Improved","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[417,"Murderkill River","US-Delaware",39.058,-75.397,1960,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kill in 1983, over one million Menhaden died.","The Murderkill River is part of the Delaware River estuary. Sewage discharge is the main cause of pollution in the river.","Whitledge, 1985; deWitt & Daiber, 1974 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[418,"Pepper Creek","US-Delaware",38.564,-75.205,2000,"Diel",null,"Fish migrate in and out of creek depending on oxygen","Pepper Creek experiences a daily cycle of oxygen levels ranging from supersaturated to hypoxic. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade, causing fish to migrate in and out of the creek.","Tyler & Targett, 2007; Tyler et al. 2009 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[419,"Rehoboth Bay","US-Delaware",38.666,-75.104,1980,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kills recorded in 1983, one million Menhaden died.","Rehoboth Bay is a bar-built estuary, and the northernmost inland bay in Delaware. The bay is generally shallow with a surface area of approximately 13 square miles. The bay receives freshwater input from several small creeks along the bay including White Oak Creek, Love Creek, Herring Creek, and Guinea Creek. It is linked to Indian River Bay to the south and provides tidal exchange with the Atlantic Ocean via the Indian River outlet. Fish kills likely associated with low oxygen were recorded in 1983.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[420,"Alafia River","US-Florida",27.858,-82.38,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The Alafia River is part of the Tampa Bay river basin and empties into Hillsborough Bay. It has historic oxygen and nutrient problems related to phosphate mining and fertilizer manufacturing.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[421,"Alligator Alley Canal","US-Florida",26.105,-81.522,1970,"Unknown",null,null,"The Alligator Alley Canal empties into the southwest coast of Florida. The canal was first observed to be hypoxic in 1970. ","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[422,"Amelia River","US-Florida",30.675,-81.468,1970,"Unknown",null,null,"The Amelia River is part of the St. Mark's River system in Florida. The Amelia River was first observed as hypoxic in the  1970s due to untreated industrial and municipal discharges. The Container Corporation of America, ITT Rayonier, and the Fernandina Beach municipal sewage treatment plant all discharge their effluents into the Amelia River. Problems with dissolved oxygen depletion, nutrient enrichment, and high bacteria have been observed.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[423,"Apalachee Bay","US-Florida",29.935,-84.019,1970,"Improved",null,null,"Apalachee Bay is located in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The Aucilla, Econfina, St. Marks, and Ochlocknee rivers drain into the bay. Land use within the area is predominately forest. There are three hazardous waste treatment facilities, three hazardous waste dumpsites, nine textile plants, two power plants and one petroleum plant located within the basin. Localized hypoxia and anoxia in the 1970s was attributed to pulp mills in Econfina and Fenholloway Rivers.  An estimated 61 square kilometers have been affected by periodic hypoxia in the past decade. The bay is an important spawning ground for one species of fish and two invertebrates, and a nursery ground for 15 fish and five invertebrate species. There has been some oxygen improvements from the 1990s to 2000s.","Livingston, 1975; Heck, 1976; Windsor, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999","Improved","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[424,"Apalachicola Bay","US-Florida",29.6718,-85.0026,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The main tributaries of the Apalachicola Bay include: Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, Chipola, and Flint Rivers. The bay drains areas of Florida, Alabama and Georgia. Seasonal flooding of the Apalachiocola Bay is largely responsible for transport of dissolved and particulate organic substances. This highly productive bay is the center of major oyster and other fisheries that have a high economic value. The relatively shallow bay is driven by tidal and wind-driven currents that keep the system well mixed and active. Periodic hypoxia was first observed in the 1990s and affected estimated 86 square kilometers. Some improvements were made in oxygen levels in the 2000s. ","Windsor, 1985; Lowery, 1998; Bricker et al. 1999; Sanger et al. 2002 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[425,"Bayou Chico","US-Florida",30.404,-87.259,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"The Bayou Chico empties into the Pensacola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. Periodic hypoxia was first observed in Bayou Chico in the 1990s. ","Summers et al. 1997","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[426,"Bayou Marcus Creek","US-Florida",30.435,-87.319,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Bayou Marcus Creek empties into Perdido Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. Bayou Marcus Creek experiences historic oxygen and nutrient problems, related to sewage treatment plant discharge and urban runoff.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[427,"Big Lagoon","US-Florida",30.32,-87.355,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The Big Lagoon is bordered by the barrier island, Perdido Key in the Gulf of Mexico. The lagoon receives inflow from Pensacola and Perdido Bays. The Big Lagoon is part of a regional water quality monitoring program. Hypoxia was first observed here in the 1990s. ","Whitledge, 1985; Engle et al. 1999 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[428,"Biscayne Bay","US-Florida",25.566,-80.216,2000,"Episodic",null,null,"Pollution in Biscayne Bay is related to releases of freshwater from nearby canals. Oxygen levels in the bay declined from the 1990s to 2000s. Seasonal and episodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade over an area of 2.2 square kilometers as a result of freshwater released from canals into the bay, although conditions have improved recently. Major contributors to the low oxygen concentrations in the bay include publicly owned treatment works, agricultural runoff, citrus processing plants, and boat discharges. ","Windsor, 1985;  Leverone, 1995; Bricker et al. 1999; 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[429,"Caloosahatchee River","US-Florida",26.616,-81.902,2000,"Persistent",null,null,"The Caloosahatchee River is served primarily by Lake Okeechobee and flows into the Gulf of Mexico after joining the waters at Cape Coral. Major urban centers are not present on the upper basin of the river, and land use is dominated by agriculture. There are five sewage treatment plants, two hazardous waste treatment facilities, three hazardous waste dumpsites, and five textile plants located within the basin. Persistent hypoxia has been observed in the past decade over an area of 4 square kilometers. The river holds one major commercial fishery and is a nursery for 14 species of fish and five invertebrate species. ","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[430,"Canal 17","US-Florida",26.848,-80.066,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Canal 17 is just north of North Palm Beach, Florida. The canal first experienced low oxygen in 1980.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[431,"Cedar Creek","US-Florida",30.278,-81.74,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Cedar Creek is located in Jacksonville, Florida and empties into the St. John's River. The creek experiences historic oxygen and nutrient problems due to urban runoff and point sources from industry and poultry processing plant. ","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[432,"Charlotte Harbor","US-Florida",26.763,-82.128,1980,"Episodic",null,"1980s to 1990s improvement in WQ from nutrient management, 2000s decline in WQ as population expanded.","The Charlotte Harbor basin is approximately 40 miles long, contains the second largest estuarine system in Florida, and has major tributaries including the Peace and Myakka Rivers. Pollution is associated with a wet season and stratification, and hurricane disturbances have resulted in more low oxygen. Oxygen levels declined from the 1970s to 1990s, then increased to 1970s levels by the end of the 1990s, declining again in 2000s. As much as 90 square kilometers of bottom can be effected by hypoxia. An estimated area of 261 square kilometers has been affected by episodic hypoxia in the past decade as a result of hurricane disturbances. The Charlotte Harbor estuarine system is an area of critical concern within the state of Florida due to rapid population growth as the surrounding counties have almost tripled in population size since 1970. Eight hazardous waste treatment facilities, 20 hazardous waste dumpsites, two textile plants, and one steel plant operate within the basin. The system supports two species of fish and is a nursery ground for 19 fish and five invertebrate species.","Windsor, 1985; Tomasko et al. 2006; Turner et al. 2006 ","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[433,"Choctawhatchee Bay","US-Florida",30.447,-86.316,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Choctawhatchee Bay is located on the western panhandle of Florida, and the Choctawhatchee River is its main tributary. The bay is moderately stratified, and is undergoing rapid development that will have serious implications for water quality. Seasonal hypoxia was first observed in the 1990s over an area of roughly 150 square kilometers, yet has been improving some between the 1990s and 2000s. The bay has one sewage treatment plant, one hazardous waste dumpsite, and one power plant. There are two major commercial fisheries on the bay, and the bay is a spawning ground for 17 fish species and five invertebrates.","Windsor, 1985; Lowery, 1998; Engle et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 1999; 2007 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[434,"Clowers Creek","US-Florida",27.274,-82.528,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Clowers Creek is part of the Sarasota Bay Basin. Historic oxygen and nutrient problems are from urban runoff and two sewage treatment plants that discharge into the creek.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[435,"Cross Bayou Canal","US-Florida",27.828,-82.743,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Cross Bayou Canal experiences both historic oxygen and nutrient problems.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[436,"Delaney Creek","US-Florida",27.943,-82.412,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Delaney Creek is part of the Tampa Bay basin. The creek experiences historic oxygen and nutrient problems, as well as toxic chemical inflow from the Nitram Chemical Company.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[437,"East Bay","US-Florida",30.444,-87.018,1980,"Improved",null,null,"The East Bay is located in the far western Florida panhandle and is connected to Pensacola Bay in the southwest. The East Bay experienced improved conditions from both municipal and industrial nutrient management between the 1980s and 2000s.","Windsor, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999; 2007 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[438,"East Holloway Canal","US-Florida",26.095,-80.231,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The East Holloway Canal is located in the Miami-Lauderdale area. It has extremely poor water quality and high nutrients as well as aesthetics and toxics problems. It receives urban runoff and sewage treatment plant effluents.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[439,"Econfina River","US-Florida",30.054,-83.912,1970,"Improved",null,null,"The Econfina River is part of the Steinhatchee River basin. The Econfina River experiences winter and summer hypoxia. Some hypoxia was first observed in 1970s, but since then oxygen levels have improved with effluent control.","Livingston, 1975; Windsor, 1985","Improved","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[440,"Eleven Mile Creek","US-Florida",30.47,-87.367,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Eleven Mile Creek is part of the Perdido River basin that faces historic and recent oxygen, nutrient, and aesthetics problems below paper mill outfall.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[441,"Escambia Bay","US-Florida",30.545,-87.157,1990,"Periodic",null,"Loss of fisheries species, Fish kills","Escambia Bay, located in the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico, has experienced low oxygen levels since the 1970s. Industrial chemicals and improperly treated sewage waste used to be discharged into the bay on a regular basis, significantly altering the water quality and biological structure of the bay. Today, several pulp and paper mills continue to discharge into the bay. Periodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s. ","Windsor, 1985; Summers et al. 1997 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[442,"Everglades GAC Canal","US-Florida",26.273,-81.729,1970,"Unknown",null,null,"The Everglades are subtropical wetlands located in the southern portion of Florida . They face flooding in the wet season and drought in the dry season. Ecosystems present in the Everglades include cypress swamps, estuarine mangroves, tropical hardwoods, pine rocklands, and marine environments. Oxygen levels in the Everglades were very low in 1970. The everglades have numerous species of hypoxia-tolerant fish.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[443,"Fenholloway River","US-Florida",29.996,-83.778,1970,"Improved",null,null,"Fenholloway River experiences winter and summer hypoxia and anoxia. Hypoxia in 1970 was attributed to pulp mill effluents, but oxygen improved with effluent control.","Windsor, 1985; Livingston, 1975 ","Improved","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[444,"Florida Bay","US-Florida",25.04,-80.732,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Florida Bay contains a multitude of seagrass beds and mangroves that started to decline in the mid 1980s. Blooms of phytoplankton became more common and severe, and live coral coverage decreased substantially from coral diseases. Florida Bay has shown some improvement in oxygen between 1990s and 2000s, but hypoxic events may be more frequent in the near future as freshwater flow into the Bay has continued to change as water has been diverted, retained and polluted with herbicides and other agricultural chemicals. Water diversion and droughts have increased salinity as well. An estimated 2,300 square kilometers have been affected by periodic hypoxia in the past decade.","Bricker et al. 1999; 2007; http://tiee.ecoed.net/vol/v1/figure_sets/coral/coral_back1.html","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[445,"Gordon River","US-Florida",26.146,-81.787,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Gordon River flows between Naples Municipal Airport and a redevelopment area, before emptying into Naples Bay on the southwest coast of Florida. The Gordon River has had very low oxygen levels since 1980."," Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[446,"Gulf and West Canals","US-Florida",27.701,-80.695,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Gulf and West Canals were first observed as hypoxic in 1980."," Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[447,"Halifax River","US-Florida",29.169,-80.997,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Halifax River experiences naturally low oxygen conditions from swamp drainage, but rapid population growth has enhanced low oxygen problems. The City of Daytona Beach contributes to nutrient enrichment."," Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[448,"Haw Creek","US-Florida",29.396,-81.447,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Haw Creek faces historic and recent oxygen problems below the outfall."," Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[449,"Hillsboro Canal","US-Florida",26.327,-80.194,1980,"Improved","Almost complete mortality of benthos in late summer.",null,"The Hillsboro Canal is located in southeast Florida, beginning at Okeechobee Lake and flowing through numerous heavily polluted areas. Eutrophication is enhanced by regular dredging of the harbor, releasing high levels of nutrients into the water. In 1982, 347 of 1,109 water quality monitoring samples were below the established criteria for dissolved oxygen (4.0 mg/L) in the Hillsboro River basin. While there have been recent improvements to the bay as a result of nutrient management strategies, projected growth patterns reveal that all of Hillsboro Bay may be below the established dissolved oxygen criteria level in future years."," Whitledge, 1985","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[450,"Indian River","US-Florida",28.111,-80.602,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Indian River is part of the Indian River Lagoon system, and runs for 246 kilometers. It is a poorly flushed system with high population pressures. Tidal mixing is restricted in the system and is further halted by construction of roadways, canals and channels. Stormwater runoff from previously drained wetlands contains high levels of nutrients. An estimated 250 square kilometers have been affected by periodic hypoxia in the past decade. However, the Indian River has shown significant Improvement in oxygen from the 1990s to the 2000s. ","Windsor, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999; 2007 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[451,"Inner Continental Shelf","US-Florida",28.217,-83.333,2000,"Episodic","Mortality of benthos.","Mortality of fishes from combined effects of HAB and low oxygen.","The inner continental shelf experiences low oxygen from harmful algal blooms, and there was a large bloom event in August 2005. Multiple stressors are involved in mortalities in the shelf, and up to  5,500 square kilometers of bottom environment have been affected by hypoxia.","FWRI 2005","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[452,"Jones and Jackson Creeks","US-Florida",30.406,-87.257,1980,"Improved",null,null,"Jones and Jackson Creek experience historic oxygen deficiency and nutrients from industrial and sewage treatment plant discharges. Also, the creeks have problems with urban runoff. Improvements in oxygen levels followed recent treatment plant upgrades."," Whitledge, 1985","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[453,"Little Aucilla River","US-Florida",30.28,-83.845,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Little Aucilla River is a primary tributary of the Aucilla estuary, Aucilla River and Waccasassa River, and is part of the Econfina-Fenholloway-Steinatchee River basin. The Little Aucilla River experiences historic and recent oxygen, pH, and nutrient problems."," Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[454,"Long Bayou","US-Florida",27.826,-82.768,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Long Bayou, on the southwest coast of Florida, experiences a historic oxygen problem from urban runoff.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[456,"Miami Canal","US-Florida",25.831,-80.295,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Miami Canal flows from Lake Okeechobee to the Miami River for 77 miles. It was constructed in the early 20th century to drain the Everglades. The Miami Canal experiences historic and recent oxygen problems.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[457,"Mulatto and Indian Bayous","US-Florida",30.548,-87.107,1970,"Unknown",null,"Fish kills in 1970s","The Mulatto and Indian Bayous are part of Escambia Bay, Florida. The bayous have experienced historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems since 1970. Forty-one fish kills were reported in 1970 in Escambia Bay, and in 1971, one square mile of dead fish were found in Mulatto Bayou, and 10 miles of dead gamefish and menhaden were reported in the eastern shore of the bay. Nearly all of the seagrass beds have been destroyed. Losses in the bayous have been attributed to effects of dredge and fill operations, sewage and industrial effluents, and alterations to beachfront and watershed areas. However, significant improvements in dissolved oxygen have been noted as a result of decreasing discharges from industrial and municipal effluents by more than 90 percent. Fish kills are also smaller and less frequent, and shrimp and oyster populations are starting to come back. ","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[458,"Munson Slough","US-Florida",30.435,-84.154,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Munson Slough, near the St. Mark's River along the Georgia-Florida border, experiences both historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[459,"Myakka River","US-Florida",27.057,-82.303,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Myakka River runs through southwestern Florida and into the Charlotte Harbor at the Gulf of Mexico after 168 kilometers. The river faces similar problems as the Peace River, including nutrient enrichment; algal blooms; lowered dissolved oxygen; high bacteria from domestic sewage discharges; heavy industrial discharges from phosphate mining; chemical and citrus processing plants; and surface runoff from urban, suburban and range and barren areas. ","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[460,"Naples Bay","US-Florida",26.124,-81.791,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"North of the estuaries and bays along the Ten Thousand Islands is Naples Bay, a region north of the Everglades National Park that is growing at a very rapid rate. The Everglades-Florida southwest coast basin area is dominated by wetlands and agriculture and has a sluggish water flow. Many consider the oxygen depletion throughout the Everglades drainage basin to be a natural process. Naples Bay has been experiencing nutrient pollution since the beginning of rapid urban development in 1980s.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[461,"North and South New River Canals","US-Florida",25.953,-80.191,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The North and South New River canals, located near the Miami Canal experience both historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems. Also, some toxics enter the canals from urban runoff and treated sewage","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[462,"North River","US-Florida",30.746,-81.535,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The North River is in Marin County, Florida. The North River experiences historic oxygen problems mainly from paper mill discharges.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[463,"Old River","US-Florida",29.8,-85.03,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Hypoxia was first observed in the Old River in the 1990s, and the river is now part of a regional water quality program. ","Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[464,"Ortega River","US-Florida",30.246,-81.71,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Ortega River is located in Jacksonville, Florida near the St. John's River. The Ortega River experiences both historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems. Urban runoff and sewage treatment plants contribute to problems.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[466,"Peace River","US-Florida",27.053,-81.993,1980,"Unknown",null,"Hurricanes worsened hypoxia in 2004","The Peace River is located in southwest Florida and empties freshwater into the delicate, saline Charlotte Harbor. It also supplies more than six million gallons of drinking water to the people of the region each day.  The river experiences significant water quality problems including nutrient enrichment; algal blooms; lowered dissolved oxygen; high bacteria from domestic sewage discharges; heavy industrial discharges from phosphate mining; chemical and citrus processing plants; and surface runoff from urban, agricultural and range and barren areas. Conditions in the river worsened after hurricanes in 2004.","Windsor, 1985; Tomasko et al. 2006; Turner et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[467,"Pensacola Bay","US-Florida",30.4161,-87.1324,1960,"Seasonal","Reduction in shrimp catch starting in 1960s attributed to multiple stressors including low oxygen.","Loss of fisheries species, Fish kills","Pensacola Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, located in the northwest portion of Florida. Low oxygen levels in Pensacola Bay are primarily related to industrial discharges. Low oxygen was first observed in 1960, mainly from the releases of industrial chemicals and improperly treated sewage wastes. These releases killed a significant portion of the seagrass beds in the bay and changed the biological structure of the entire bay. Hundreds of fish kills resulted as well, affecting the once thriving white, pink, and brown shrimp fisheries. There was some improvement in oxygen between the 1980s and 2000s. As much as 75 square kilometers of bottom can be affected by seasonal hypoxia. Several pulp and paper mills continue to discharge waste into the bay. Dissolved oxygen violations in the last few years totaled 11 out of 63 water quality monitoring samples.","Windsor, 1985; Lowery, 1998; Hagy et al. 2006; Hagy and Murrell, 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[468,"Perdido Bay","US-Florida",30.375,-87.442,1960,"Seasonal",null,null,"Perdido Bay forms the border between Florida and Alabama. It experiences stratification from industrial effluents and high nutrient loads. Oxygen levels were poor in the 1960s, improved in the 1970s to 1980s, and declined from the 1990s to 2000s. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed over an area of roughly 64 square kilometers. Point sources contributing to the low dissolved oxygen include the St. Regis paper mill and several municipal sewage treatment plants.","Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999; Flemer et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[469,"Perdido River","US-Florida",30.509,-87.493,1960,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Perdido River runs for 100 kilometers, forming the border between Florida and Alabama, draining in the Gulf of Mexico.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[470,"Philippi Creek","US-Florida",27.327,-82.535,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Philippi Creek is located in the Sarasota Bay Basin. Philippi Creek experiences both historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems. Urban runoff and sewage treatment plants contribute to problems here, particularly Atlantic Utilities STP, Fla. Cities Water Company, South Gate STP, and Kensington Park Utilities STP. ","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[473,"Pottsburg Creek","US-Florida",30.321,-81.6,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Pottsburg Creek, an urban creek in Jacksonville, Florida, experiences both historic and recent oxygen problems below the outfall at St. Johns River.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[474,"Ribault River","US-Florida",30.397,-81.691,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Ribault River flows for 6.5 miles north through Jacksonville, Florida and is a tributary of the Trout River. The Ribault River experiences both historic oxygen and nutrient problems, related to sewage treatment plant and industrial discharges.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[475,"Rice Creek","US-Florida",29.701,-81.66,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Rice Creek is part of the lower St. John's River basin. Rice Creek experiences both historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems. It is located below a paper mill outfall that contributes nutrients.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[476,"Rookery Bay","US-Florida",26.028337,-81.744512,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The Rookery Bay is located at the northern end of the Ten Thousand Islands, and is one of the few remaining undisturbed mangrove estuaries in North America. Rookery Bay has experienced oxygen declines from 1990s to 2000s."," Rabalais, 1998; Bricker et al. 1999; Sanger et al. 2002; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[477,"Sarasota Bay ","US-Florida",27.32,-82.567,1980,"Improved",null,"SAV recovering","The Sarasota Bay is an estuary off the west coast of Florida just below Tampa Bay that has been named by Congress as an estuary of national significance. The city of Sarasota is a large urban center located at the edge of the bay that is significantly impacted by a growing population. There are two hazardous waste dumps, two textile plants, and one steel mill in the basin. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the Sarasota Bay in the past decade over an estimated area of 33 square kilometers. Oxygen conditions, however, have improved from the 1990s to the 2000s, and the submerged aquatic vegetation is recovering.","Windsor, 1985; Marshall & Leverone, 1994; Bricker et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[478,"Sebastian Creek","US-Florida",27.838,-80.499,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Sebastian Creek is one of the three freshwater sources to the Indian River, part of the central basin of Florida. Sebastian Creek experiences historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems from urban runoff, dairy farms, and seafood processing. ","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[479,"South Relief Canal","US-Florida",27.65,-80.39,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The South Relief Canal lies between the Sebastian Inlet and the Ft. Pierce Inlet in the central basin of Florida. The South Relief Canal experiences both historic oxygen problems from urban and agriculture runoff.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[480,"St. Andrew Bay","US-Florida",30.162,-85.701,1970,"Improved",null,null,"The St Andrews Bay watershed is the only major basin that lies entirely within the Florida Panhandle. The bay system consists of four coastal plain interconnected estuaries: St Andrews Bay, East Bay, West Bay, and North Bay. St Andrews bay is connected to the Gulf of Mexico through a main pass and branches inland into the East and North Bays. The system receives very little freshwater input. Recent modeling exercises have estimated that as little as 14percent of the nutrient loads to the system are anthropogenic in origin. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in St. Andrew Bay in the past decade over an estimated area of 34 square kilometers. More recently, hypoxia events have been reduced due to nutrient management, both municipal and industrial.","Windsor, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Improved","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[481,"St. George Sound","US-Florida",29.799,-84.691,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The St. George Sound is part of the Apalachicola Bay system. St. George Sound did not experience oxygen problems until the 1990s. Today it is part of a regional water quality monitoring program.","Windsor, 1985; Engle et al. 1999 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[482,"St. Johns River","US-Florida",30.5,-81.5,1970,"Seasonal","Mortality","Mortality, massive fish kills unknown cause, may be multiple stressors","The St. Johns River is the longest river in the state of Florida at 500 kilometers long. The St. Johns River basin, along with its adjacent coastal basins, comprise about one fifth of the land area of Florida. Because of the low relief of the area, the river is affected by tides for more than 160 miles upstream. In the lower part of the basin, forest land is the main land use, but closer to Jacksonville, it becomes urban. Naturally low oxygen conditions in the St. Johns River have been further affected by the discharge of untreated sewage and industrial wastes, particularly from the Georgia-Pacific paper mill. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed here since the 1990s, resulting in mortality of fish and other life at the sea bottom.","Windsor, 1985; Mason, 1998 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[483,"St. Joseph Bay","US-Florida",29.794,-85.355,1990,"Periodic","Brittlestar migration","Avoidance","St. Joseph Bay is located at the southern most point of the St. Andrew's River Basin. St. Joseph Bay showed no signs of hypoxia until the 1990s, which caused fish to avoid the area and brittlestars to migrate to the sea bottom. It now experiences periodic hypoxia.","Windsor, 1985; Leonard & McClintock, 1999","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[484,"St. Lucie River","US-Florida",27.207938,-80.242387,1980,"Periodic",null,null,"The St. Lucie River is strongly affected by anthropogenic influences including controlled releases of freshwater from Lake Okeechobee as well as an extensive artificial drainage and irrigation system in place throughout the watershed. The river experiences highly variable salinity levels, frequent low oxygen events, and high nutrient levels.","Windsor, 1985; Chamberlain & Hayward, 1996","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[485,"St. Marys River","US-Florida",30.751,-81.484,1970,"Seasonal",null,"Anoxia develops in summer","The St. Marys River is approximately 144 kilometers long, beginning in the Okefenokee River and emptying into the Atlantic Ocean. It forms a portion of the Georgia and Florida border. The basin is not highly populated and most of the land use in the basin is forest. Also, nonpoint source pollution is low because there is not very much urban or agricultural land in the basin. Point sources are responsible for the dissolved oxygen depletion and eutrophication problems. The upper portion of the river is important habitat and spawning grounds for numerous species of fish. St. Marys River first experienced  hypoxia in 1970, and anoxia typically develops during the summer."," Windsor, 1985; Verity et al. 2006,","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[486,"Sykes Creek","US-Florida",28.405,-80.693,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Sykes Creek is a  saline creek that is found within the Mosquito Lagoon (just north of the Indian River) in the central basin of Florida, and forms a poorly connected arm of the Banana River with the New Found Harbor. Sykes Creek has experienced historic oxygen and nutrient problems from sewage treatment plants since 1980. The system has little fresh water inflow and poor flushing. ","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[487,"Tampa Bay","US-Florida",27.741,-82.505,1980,"Episodic",null,"SAV recovering","Tampa Bay is a shallow bay with a small tide and a short residence time. The bay has a high population density with more than 800,000 inhabitants. The bay also houses 14 publicly owned treatment works, 12 hazardous waste treatment facilities, 47 hazardous waste dumpsites, 22 textile mills, nine power plants, one petrochemical, one petroleum, and one steel plant. The bay is a major commercial port as well as an important source of marine organisms that spawn and thrive in the bay. Roughly 80 percent of the bay's seagrass beds are gone. Although Tampa Bay has been hypoxic since the 1980s, oxygen conditions and subaquatic vegetation populations have improved due mainly to the Tampa Bay Nitrogen Management strategy, from the 1980s to 1990s. However, conditions oxygen worsened from 1990s to 2000s.","Leverone, 1995; Lowery, 1998; Bricker et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[489,"Ten Thousand Islands North","US-Florida",25.724,-81.378,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Ten Thousand Islands are a chain of islands and mangrove populations located off the coast of southwest Florida. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in Ten Thousands Islands in the past decade over an estimated area of 112 square kilometers.","Bricker et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[490,"Tenmile Creek","US-Florida",27.411,-80.351,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Tenmile Creek is part of the Waccasassa River watershed in the central basin of Florida. Tenmile Creek experiences both historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems from urban runoff.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[491,"Trout River","US-Florida",30.396,-81.66,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Trout River is a tributary of the St. John's River in Duval County, Florida. The river has experiences both historic oxygen and nutrient problems.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[492,"Turkey Creek","US-Florida",30.359,-82.08,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Turkey Creek is a stream that is located in Malabar and Palm Bay, Florida, and is a tributary of the Indian River. Turkey creek faces historic oxygen and nutrient problems from nearby sewage treatment plants.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[493,"Useppa Island","US-Florida",26.661,-82.213,1948,"Episodic",null,"Some fish mortality","The Useppa Island is a barrier island that is located in Lee County, Florida. The Useppa Island has experienced low oxygen from harmful algal blooms since 1948, and there have been some instances of fish mortality.","Gunter et al. 1948","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[494,"Watson Bayou","US-Florida",30.1524,-85.640276,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Watson Bayou is located just east of St. Andrews Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. Hypoxia in the Watson Bayou has been observed here since the 1990s. The bayou is now part of a regional water quality monitoring program.","Windsor, 1985; Engle et al. 1999 ","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[495,"Weeki Wachee Springs","US-Florida",27.544,-82.602,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Weeki Wachee Springs are naturally low in oxygen, but low oxygen conditions are exacerbated from nutrient loading since 1980.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[496,"West Palm Beach Canal","US-Florida",26.854,-80.48,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The West Palm Beach Canal is located in Palm Beach County, Florida near a heavily developed, increasingly populated shoreline that was once covered with mangroves. The West Palm Beach Canal faces both historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems from urban runoff. Major contributors to low oxygen levels in West Palm Beach include publicly owned treatment works, agricultural runoff, citrus processing wastes, and boat discharge.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[497,"Whitaker Bayou","US-Florida",27.354,-82.548,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Whitaker Bayou is located in the Sarasota Bay Basin. The Whitaker Bayou has both historic and recent oxygen and nutrient problems. It is located near the City of Sarasota sewage treatment plant which makes it especially susceptible to pollution from runoff.","Windsor, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[498,"Altamaha Sound/Altamaha River","US-Georgia",31.331,-81.353,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Altamaha River flows for 220 kilometers from its origin at the Oconee River and the Ocmulgee River where it empties near Brunswick at the Atlantic Ocean. The Altamaha River has been experiencing a significant declining trend in oxygen from 1970s to 2000s, but was not hypoxic in the 1980s as there is a low population density and minimal development surrounding it. Conditions in the Altamaha Sound are not highly eutrophic. Nevertheless, there is concern due to high concentrations of nitrous oxides (Nox) and limited flushing within the sound. Generally, eutrophic conditions are considered to be low and not problematic. However, conditions are expected to deteriorate in the future. ","Stanley, 1985; Verity et al. 2006; Bricker et al. 2007","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[499,"Cumberland Sound","US-Georgia",30.791,-81.487,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"Cumberland Sound has experienced a declining trend in oxygen since 2000, related to nutrient loadings.","Stanley, 1985; Verity et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[501,"Ogeechee/Ossabaw Sound (Including Ogeechee River) ","US-Georgia",{"v":31.711338,"d":"31.711"},{"v":-81.147217,"d":"-81.147"},1970,"Episodic",null,null,"The Ogeechee River is a tributary of the Cannoochee River running for 394 kilometers and outlets to the Ossabaw Sound on Georgia’s coast. Recent information indicates a moderate level of low dissolved oxygen events. Historically, low dissolved oxygen levels have been associated with high nutrient loading deriving from swamps and marshes in the region. No harmful algal blooms have been reported in the area, but bacteria are an issue within the system leading to beach advisories during summer months.  No changes in eutrophication symptoms were observed between assessments in 1999 and 2004. Conditions are expected to minimally deteriorate in the future.","Stanley, 1985; Verity et al. 2006","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[503,"Sapelo Sound (Including Doboy Sound, Sapelo Island and Duplin River) ","US-Georgia",31.415,-81.296,1970,"Diel",null,null,"In the 1980s, water quality in the area was reported to be high. The Duplin River, a long lagoon-type tidal river, drains a proportion of salt marsh in the west of Sapelo Island. Here, diel hypoxic conditions have been reported and have been associated with higher upstream in situ oxygen consumption and restricted flushing. Eutrophic conditions were described as moderate low in 1999 based on moderate chlorophyll-a levels and low symptoms of dissolved oxygen. No harmful algal blooms or macroalgae nuisance has been reported. However, conditions are expected to worsen by 2020. A recent assessment of eutrophic conditions in the area found insufficient data to categorize it.","Stanley, 1985; Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[504,"Satilla River","US-Georgia",30.964,-81.508,1970,"Unknown",null,null,"The Satilla River runs for approximately 320 kilometers, draining almost 10,000 square kilometers of land in the coastal plain of southeastern Georgia. The Satilla River has experienced a significant declining trend in oxygen from 1960s to 1990s. Low dissolved oxygen is partially due to the high sediment oxygen demand in the intertidal salt marsh.","Stanley, 1985; Verity et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[505,"Savannah River","US-Georgia",32.038686,-80.924715,1980,"Periodic",null,null,"The Savannah River forms most of the border between Georgia and South Carolina, with a drainage basin that drains on the southeastern side of the Appalachian Mountains. It is formed by the confluence of the Tugaloo and the Seneca Rivers. Two major cities, Augusta and Savannah, lie directly on the river. The Savannah River has faced a significant declining trend in oxygen from 1960s to 2000s, and periodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade over an areas of 23 kilometers. Nonpoint sources of pollution are a significant factor in the Savannah River. ","Stanley, 1985; Verity et al. 2006; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[506,"Brunswick Estuary/St Simons Sound (Including Turtle River, Brunswick River, Brunswick Harbour)","US-Georgia",31.116,-81.486,1970,"Episodic",null,null,"Brunswick River flows through Georgia (U.S.) and outlets to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Brunswick, approximately 30 miles north of Florida. The entire system is characterized by limited freshwater influence. Brunswick Harbor, lies on Georgia's Atlantic coast. The Port of Brunswick is one of the nation's most productive ports on the Atlantic coast. The shrimp industry is still important economically, and the port is also important for U.S. auto manufacturers. Reports from 1985 indicated low summer DO concentration in St Simons Sound which might have resulted from excess municipal and industrial sewage although the hypoxic area was considered to be confined to a small area. In particular, Brunswick Harbor was considered to be significantly influenced by organic solid inputs deriving from seafood-related industrial discharges, urban runoff, sewage, etc. During late 1970s and early 1980s the lowest recorded DO concentrations (mg/l) in stations located within the system were of 1.9 (Turtle River) and 2.0 (Brunswick Harbor). However, annual mean values were reported to be > 5. Reports also indicate that low DO concentrations might be due to natural processes typical of estuarine systems in the Georgia Coast. However, restricted mixing, high nutrient loading and algal activity in areas surrounding Brunswick Harbor were considered to lead to stress and low DO concentrations. There is a general lack of data to assess current conditions in the estuary. However, conditions in the area are expected to deteriorate by 2020 due to an increase of urbanization.","Stanley, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[507,"O'ahu, Off Southern Shore","US-Hawaii",21.288,-158.007,2000,"Unknown","Mortality, low species richness and abundance",null,"O'ahu is the third largest island in Hawaii and the most populated. The state capital, Honolulu, is located in the southeast portion, and is a big contributor to coastal pollution. Fish aquaculture practices in O'ahu also contribute nutrients to the waters of O'ahu. Mortality and low species abundance has been observed near fish pens.","Lee et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[508,"Amite River","US-Louisiana",30.298,-90.56,1990,"Periodic","Reduced","Loss of large clams","The Amite River is a tributary of Lake Maurepas in Mississippi and Louisiana, and is about 161 kilometers long. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the Amite River since the 1990s over an estimated area of 2.6 square kilometers, causing the loss of large clams and the reduction of life at the sea bottom.","Penland et al. 2002; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[509,"Atchafalaya-Vermillion Bays","US-Louisiana",29.67482,-91.87561,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Atchafalaya-Vermillion Bay is formed by the confluence of the Atchafalaya and Vermillion Rivers in Louisiana. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the Atchafalaya-Vermillion Bay over an area of 112 square kilometers in the past decade, affected in part by stratification within the sounds causing algal blooms, carbon accumulation, altered trophic interactions, and low dissolved oxygen.","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[510,"Balize Delta","US-Louisiana",29.398,-88.993,1950,"Episodic",null,null,"The Balize Delta is located near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Low oxygen in the Balize Delta has been present since the 1950s, based on foram proxies.","Brunner et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqEIZTwiFZA; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n7yyJinlNw;","FqEIZTwiFZA; 3n7yyJinlNw"]
[511,"Barataria Bay","US-Louisiana",{"v":29.394677,"d":"29.39468"},{"v":-89.943988,"d":"-89.94399"},2000,"Episodic",null,null,"The Barataria Bay is a shallow embayment within the Gulf of Mexico that experiences heavy resource extraction of shrimp, sulfur, natural gas, and oil. Barataria Bay has only shown signs of hypoxia in the last decade at depths of 10 to 20 meters over an area of roughly 200 square kilometers, and was not hypoxic in the 1980s. The bay is characterized by high chlorophyll-a, and episodic nuisance/toxic algal blooms in the mixing zone."," Rabalais et al. 1985; Engle et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[512,"Breton Sound","US-Louisiana",{"v":29.500766,"d":"29.50077"},{"v":-89.250605,"d":"-89.25061"},2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Breton Sound is a sound of the Gulf of Mexico that lies off the southeast coast of Louisiana and is partially enclosed by the Breton Islands. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in this shallow, well mixed estuary over an area of 570 square kilometers in the past decade. ","Bricker et al. 2007; Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[513,"Calcasieu Lake","US-Louisiana",30.02197,-93.30738,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Calcasieu Lake is a brackish lake in southwestern Louisiana, located mainly in the Cameron Parish. Calcasieu Lake is actually an estuary of the Calcasieu River. The lake connects to the Gulf of Mexico via a narrow , five mile channel. The lake is well known for its population of redfish and speckled trout/spotted sea trout, as well as for white shrimp. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in Calcasieu Lake over an area of 129 square kilometers in the past decade. ","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[514,"Chandeleur Sound","US-Louisiana",29.945,-89.037,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Chandeleur Sound is adjacent to Breton Sound in the Gulf of Mexico. Hypoxia has been observed in Chandeleur Sound in the last ten years. Dead zones emerge in the summer lasting through early fall. ","Engle et al. 1999; gulfhypoxia.net/news","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[515,"Garden Island Bay","US-Louisiana",29.037,-89.122,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Hypoxia was first observed in the Garden Island Bay in the 1990s. The bay is now part of a regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[516,"Grand Bay","US-Louisiana",29.367,-89.369,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Hypoxia was first observed in the Grand Bay in the 1990s, and now it is part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[518,"Lake Cataouatchie","US-Louisiana",29.838,-90.229,1970,"Unknown",null,"Fish kills","Lake Cataouatchie (also Lake Cataouatchie) is located southwest of New Orleans in the Mississippi River Delta region. It is an oligohaline system that is dominated by runoff and precipitation, and has been experiencing highly eutrophic conditions (algal blooms, hypoxia and reduced species diversity) since the 1970s. Eutrophication is attributed to nutrient runoff from suburban New Orleans. In addition, Lake Cataouatchie receives continual releases of nutrient-rich river water from Davis Pond, a diversion structure build along the Mississippi River that became operational in 2004. Water from the holding pond is discharged to Lake Cataouatchie after it is routed through a salt water marsh. Since the Davis Pond diversion structure has become operational,  Lake Cataouatchie experienced and eightfold increase in Chlorophyll-a concentrations. ","Rabalais, 1985; Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","No","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqEIZTwiFZA; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n7yyJinlNw;","FqEIZTwiFZA; 3n7yyJinlNw"]
[519,"Lake Pontchartrain","US-Louisiana",30.1,-90,1970,"Seasonal","Reduced species diversity","Loss of large clams","Lake Pontchartrain is a brackish estuary located in southeastern Louisiana. It is the second largest salt water lake in the United States, and the largest lake in Louisiana, covering 1,630 square kilometers. Urban runoff from New Orleans is a major source of nutrients and organic matter to Lake Pontchartrain. Hypoxia is more severe when rainfall is below normal, resulting in less flushing. An estimated area of 421 square kilometers has been affected by episodic hypoxia since the 1990s, reducing life at the sea bottom and causing the loss of large clam populations. Today, as much as 250 square kilometers of the benthic environment can be affected by hypoxia. The problem is the most severe and persistent in the southeastern part of the Lake from salinity stratification from saline introduction via the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet and the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal. These conditions were first observed in 1982, and in 1983, because of a high flow out of the Mississippi River, severely oxygen-depleted waters did not develop. "," Rabalais et al. 1985; Abadie & Poirrier, 2000; Penland et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqEIZTwiFZA; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n7yyJinlNw;","FqEIZTwiFZA; 3n7yyJinlNw"]
[520,"Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Plumes","US-Louisiana",28.678,-91.633,1970,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization, Loss of biomass.","Avoidance, Area coincides with historic white and brown shrimp fishing grounds","Annual hypoxia developed in the Atchafalaya in the 1970s, and it is now the largest hypoxic area in the United States.  Low oxygen levels are related to nutrient loads from the Mississippi River. Paleoindicators show no annual hypoxia, but major events in the Mississippi watershed may have lead to low oxygen prior to the 1700s. As much as 22,000 square kilometers of the bottom environment can be affected by hypoxia.","Turner & Rabalais, 1994; Justic et al. 1996; Sen Gupta et al. 1996, ; Craig & Crowder, 2005; Osterman et al. 2007; Rabalais et al. 2007; Rabalais and Turner, 2001 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqEIZTwiFZA; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n7yyJinlNw;","FqEIZTwiFZA; 3n7yyJinlNw"]
[521,"Terrebonne/Timbalier Bays","US-Louisiana",29.19693,-90.53844,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Eutrophic areas and severe algal blooms have been observed in the Terrebonne and Timbalier Estuaries.","Bricker et al. 2007","Eutrophic","YEs",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[522,"Wax Lake","US-Louisiana",29.599,-91.419,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Wax Lake formed off of the Atchafalaya River in Louisiana, and receives 34 million tons of sediment annually. The lake was completely filled with sediment between 1941 and 2005. Wax Lake has experienced low oxygen since 1990 and is now part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[523,"West Hackberry","US-Louisiana",29.67,-93.5,1980,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"West Hackberry lies off the coast of Cameron, Louisiana. Hypoxia in West Hackberry is associated with brine seep. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s, causing mortality at the sea bottom which typically recover within a year.","Gaston, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[524,"Bass Harbor Marsh","US-Maine",44.257,-68.346,1990,"Diel",null,null,"The Bass Harbor Marsh is a microtidal drowned river estuary in Acadia National Park in southwest Maine. The Bass Harbor Marsh has been experiencing diel hypoxia since 1990 and is driven by macroalgae.","Farris & Oviatt, 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[525,"Kennebec & Androscoggin Rivers","US-Maine",44.03476,-69.80126,2000,"Episodic",null,null,"The Kennebec River is a 240 kilometer-long river that flows eventually into the Androscoggin River. An estimated area of 56 square kilometers has been affected in the Kennebec and Androscoggin rivers by episodic hypoxia in the past decade.","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[526,"Saco Bay","US-Maine",43.50224,-70.3779,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Saco Bay is a small curved embayment of the Gulf of Maine that runs to the mouth of the Saco River. The shoreline of the bay makes the largest sand beach and salt marsh system in the state of Maine. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the Saco Bay in the past decade over an area of 5 square kilometers.","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[527,"Webhannet River (Wells Bay/Inlet)","US-Maine",43.321,{"v":-70.56,"d":"-70.560"},2000,"Episodic (on one station, but probably localized)",null,null,"The Webhannet river watershed is contained entirely within the town of Wells, Maine and drains into Wells Bay, part of the Gulf of Maine. In 1998, the estuary was listed as a “coastal water priority zone” by the State of Maine due to concerns of bacterial concentration, dissolved oxygen levels, and threats from development. Additionally, one station located in the estuary reported continuous hypoxic conditions even when not expected (winter).  However, the cause of such condition remains unknown and is could be a localized issue (close to the harbor) and not predominant in the estuary since an eutrophication assessment (ASSETS) of the area categorizes the system as experiencing “low” symptoms. Conditions are expected to worsen in the near future due to housing development in the area. ","Sanger et al. 2002; Dalton, 2006","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[528,"Assawoman Bay","US-Maryland",38.407,-75.089,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"Assawoman Bay is a lagoon located between Ocean City Maryland and Delmarva, connecting to the Isle of Wight Bay in the south. Eutrophication in the Assawoman Bay is caused by excess nutrient loading. The bay did not experience hypoxia until the 1980s and now is seasonally hypoxic. ","Whitledge, 1985; Boynton et al. 1996; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[529,"Back River","US-Maryland",39.275,-76.454,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Back River is a tidal estuary in Baltimore County, Maryland that extends for 3.2 kilometers into the Chesapeake Bay. Eutrophication in the Back River is caused by excess nutrient loading. Low oxygen has been observed seasonally since the 1980s.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[530,"Baltimore Harbor","US-Maryland",39.283,-76.61,1980,"Seasonal","Reduced species diversity",null,"The Baltimore Harbor is on the northwest branch of the Patapsco River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. Eutrophication in the Baltimore Harbor is caused by excess nutrient loading, and hypoxia was first observed seasonally in 1980.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[531,"Bodkin Creek","US-Maryland",39.134,-76.436,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"Bodkin Creek is part of the Patapsco River system that runs through central Maryland, and is part of the larger Chesapeake Bay watershed. Eutrophication in Bodkin Creek is caused by excess nutrient loading, and seasonal hypoxia was first observed in 1980.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[532,"Chesapeake Bay Mainstem","US-Maryland",38.249,-76.26,1930,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization","Killed crabs in crab pots","The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. It lies off the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay's drainage basin covers 166,534 square kilometers and includes the District of Columbia and parts of six states: New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. The main tributaries entering the bay include the Susquehanna, Patuxuent, Potomac, Rappahannock, James and York Rivers. The once productive crab, oyster and menhaden fisheries have been severely diminished as a result of poor water quality in the bay. The Bay receives nutrients and sediments from agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and urban wastewater. Seasonal anoxia is detected in sediment records as far back as 1934-1948; the area affected by seasonal hypoxia is roughly 2,750 square kilometers. Low oxygen levels increased from 1980 to 2000, and the area of hypoxia and anoxia has also increased. The events cause mortality at the sea bottom, although bottom-dwelling species typically recover within a year. Crabs have also been found dead in fishers' pots during hypoxic episodes.","Newcombe & Horne, 1938; Officer et al. 1984; Holland et al. 1987; Cooper & Brusch, 1991; Zimmerman & Canual, 2000; Boesch et al. 2001; Zimmerman & Canual, 2002;  Cronin & Vann, 2003; Hagy et al. 2004;  Kemp et al. 2005 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUXgXueymU; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; yIUXgXueymU; "]
[533,"Chester River","US-Maryland",39.2,-76.1,1980,"Periodic","Mortality with annual recolonization","Avoidance, some mortality","The Chester River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, running along the Delmarva Peninsula for 64 kilometers. The Delmarva Peninsula is known for its large poultry industry. Eutrophication in the Chester River is caused by excess nutrient loading, mainly from agriculture. Low oxygen events occur in the summer from June to August. Oxygen levels declined from the 1990s to 2000s. Periodic hypoxia has been observed over an area of 34 square kilometers since the 1990s. Episodes of low dissolved oxygen cause fish to avoid the area and some mortality among both fish and life at the sea bottom. The benthic zone typically recovers within a year.","Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999; 2007; CBP Monitoring Data ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[534,"Choptank River","US-Maryland",38.69,-76.269,1980,"Periodic",null,null,"The Choptank River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, runs along the Delmarva Peninsula and occupies an area of 2,600 square kilometers. The predominant land use is agriculture, occupying 1,080 square kilometers. The river experiences eutrophication and recurring harmful algal blooms caused by excess nutrient loading. Despite these conditions, submerged aquatic vegetation has increased since 1999. Periodic hypoxia has been observed over an area of 69 square kilometers since the 1990s and low oxygen events occur annually between June and September. ","Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[535,"Corsica River","US-Maryland",39.087,-76.156,2000,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kill from combined stress of HAB toxins and low oxygen","The Corsica River meets the Chester River as it runs south through Maryland. Eutrophication in the Corsica River is caused by excess nutrient loading, and seasonal hypoxia was first observed in 2000. ","Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[536,"Dead-end canals","US-Maryland",38.3142,-75.1172,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Eutrophication in the dead-end canals is caused by excess nutrient loading. As much as 5 square kilometers of bottom of the canals can be effected by hypoxia. Seasonal hypoxia is exacerbated by the dead-end canals' limited tidal exchange with adjacent water bodies.","Maxted et al. 1997","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[537,"Isle of Wight Bay","US-Maryland",38.367,-75.098,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Isle of Wight Bay is a lagoon that lies between Worchester County and Ocean City Maryland. Eutrophication caused by excess nutrient loading. The bay did not experience seasonal hypoxia until the 1980s.","Whitledge, 1985; Boynton et al. 1996; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[538,"Jug Bay","US-Maryland",38.768,-76.699,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Jug Bay is part of a wetlands sanctuary that is located on the Patuxent River in southern Maryland and is part of the Chesapeake Bay. Eutrophication in Jug Bay is caused by excess nutrient loading. Hypoxia was first observed in the 1990s.","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[539,"Magothy River","US-Maryland",39.074,-76.474,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Magothy River is located just south of the Patapsco River and north of the Severn River, and is a relatively small tidal river of the Chesapeake Bay that runs for 44 miles. Magothy River first experienced hypoxia in 1990. Eutrophication here is caused by excess nutrient loading. Along with low oxygen, Magothy River has diminished aquatic grass populations and low water clarity. ","CBP Monitoring Data","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[541,"Patapsco River","US-Maryland",39.2,-76.5,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Patapsco River is located in central Maryland and flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Eutrophication in the Patapsco River is caused by excess nutrient loading. Oxygen levels improved between 1985 and 2002, but benthic communities reminded severely degraded.","Riedel et al. 1999; CBP Monitoring Data,","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[542,"Patuxent River","US-Maryland",38.385,-76.512,1930,"Periodic","Mortality with annual recolonization","Avoidance, low egg hatching/larval mortality, bay anchovy eggs killed by hypoxia","The Patuxent river is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. The Patuxent watershed, situated in the urbanized corridor between Washington, DC and Baltimore, MD,  encompasses the 957 square miles (2,479 square kilometers) and has a rapidly growing population that had reached of 590,769 in 2000. The duration and spatial extent of low oxygen in the Patuxent River has increased from 1930-79. There was a rise in anoxia in the 1970s linked to nutrient runoff and wet weather, and oxygen continued to decline from the 1990s to 2000s increasing in duration, size and cover up to 58 square kilometers. There are some indications that hypoxia occurred in the 1700s from watershed modifications and wet periods. During these events fish avoid the area, and fish eggs (particularly bay anchovies) and larvae have a lower survival rate. Mortality also occurs in the sea bottom, although this area recolonizes annually.","Breitburg et al. 1992; Breitburg et al. 1997; Bricker et al. 1999; Keister et al. 2000; Cronin & Vann 2003; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[543,"Potomac River","US-Maryland",38.396,-77.094,1910,"Seasonal","Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"The Potomac River flows originates in West Virginia and flows past Washington, DC on its way to the Chesapeake Bay. The river is approximately 383  miles (616 km) long, with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles (38,000 km²). Eutrophication in the Potomac River is caused by excess nutrient loading from urban and agricultural sources. The river experiences low oxygen starting in May through September, and increased spatial coverage of hypoxia. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1920s over an area of 264 square kilometers, although there has been some improvement in oxygen levels from the 1990s to 2000s. Over time the affected area has increased, peaking from May to September. The events cause mortality at the sea bottom, although benthos typically recover within a year.","Sale & Skinner, 1917; Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999; 2007; CBP Monitoring Data ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[544,"Severn River","US-Maryland",39.016,-76.519,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Severn river enters the Chesapeake Bay at the major port city of Annapolis, also the capital of Maryland. The Severn River experiences eutrophication caused by excess nutrient loading. In the northern Round Bay area of the Severn there is persistent bottom anoxia every summer that occurs in the bottom 3-6 feet of the water at a depth of 20-25 feet and continue for several miles. Occasionally another dead zone will occur in Asquith Creek in 10-14 feet of water. These dead zones last for several weeks throughout the summer, killing many benthic species and a fish kill occurred in Weems Creek in 2007. ","CBP Monitoring Data; severnriverkeeper.org","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[545,"St. Leonard Creek","US-Maryland",38.42,-76.488,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"St. Leonard Creek is the largest tributary of the tidal portions of the Patuxent River. Eutrophication in St. Leonard Creek is caused by excess nutrient loading, and hypoxia was first observed in 1990.","Summers et al. 1997","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[546,"Boston Harbor","US-Massachusetts",42.33983,-70.975718,1980,"Periodic",null,null,"Boston Harbor is an estuary of Massachusetts Bay, comprising 50 square miles. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the Boston Harbor since the 1980s over an area of less than a square kilometer, although the situation has recently improved through nutrient management in the watershed.","Bricker et al. 2007; Diaz et al. 2009; Taylor et al (in press)","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[547,"Buzzards Bay","US-Massachusetts",41.7,-70.7,1980,"Episodic",null,null,"Buzzards Bay is connected to Cape Cod Bay by way of the Cape Cod Canal. In Buzzards Bay, an estimated area of 3 square kilometers has been affected by episodic hypoxia during the summer months since the 1990s. The Bay is characterized by moderately frequent toxic algal blooms, low dissolved oxygen, and some loss of subaquatic vegetation. ","Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[548,"Cape Cod Bay","US-Massachusetts",41.88762,-70.35328,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Cape Cod Bay lies to the south of Massachusetts Bay. Nitrogen inputs to the bay primarily originate from urban sources such as stormwater runoff, septic systems, wastewater discharges, and lawn fertilizer runoff. Periodic hypoxia and algal blooms have been observed in Cape Cod Bay since the 1990s over an area of 12 square kilometers.","Rabalais, 2001","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[549,"Charles River","US-Massachusetts",42.38,-71.04,1980,"Improved",null,null,"The Charles River flows for 80 miles northeast through 22 cities before reaching Boston. The river has experienced occasional low oxygen and seasonal hypoxia since the 1980s from sewage discharge, but conditions have recently improved from nutrient management and treatment upgrades.","Whitledge, 1985; Taylor, 2000 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[550,"Dorchester Bay","US-Massachusetts",42.3241,-71.028771,1990,"Improved",null,null,"Dorchester Bay is the smallest of three bays in southern Boston Harbor, and is part of Massachusetts Bay. Water quality in Dorchester Bay began to decline in the 1980s and hypoxia has since been observed. Nutrient management in the watershed has led to some improvement.","Maciolek et al. 2005; Diaz et al. 2008","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[551,"Weymouth Fore River","US-Massachusetts",42.24,-70.96,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"Weymouth Fore River is a small bay or estuary in eastern Massachusetts and is part of the Massachusetts Bay watershed. It is the location of the former Fore River Shipyard which closed in 1986. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed in the Fore River since the 1980s.","Neponset River Watershed Association 2004","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[552,"Herring River","US-Massachusetts",41.925,-70.058,1980,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kills, decline of alewife fishery","The Herring River is a principle drainage creek for Cape Cod. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s in the Herring River and it is typically anoxic for one to three weeks each year following heavy rains which increase runoff and release wetland organic matter. Stream hypoxia here results from the temperature dependent increase in oxygen demand of organic matter that is released from the diked salt marsh deposits. The dike was built in 1908, preventing all tidal input into the marsh, but still allowed freshwater discharge through flap gates at low tide. The dike failed to achieve its purpose as an agricultural drainage system and mosquito control device even after further channelization and ditch construction. In an effort to restore the marsh, the dike was modified in 1975 to allow some seawater inflow during only semidiurnal tides. Summer and episodic hypoxia have recurred despite restoration efforts. Hypoxic events here result in fish kills and have caused the decline of the alewife fishery in the river. Land use within the watershed is sparsely residential with domestic wastewater disposal systems. ","Portnoy, 1991","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[553,"Massachusetts Bay","US-Massachusetts",42.35373,-70.79083,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Massachusetts Bay, also called Mass Bay, is one of the large bays of the Atlantic Ocean that form the distinctive shape of the coastline of the U.S. state of Massachusetts.  Massachusetts Bay includes the Boston Harbor, Dorchester Bay, Quincy Bay (both part of the Outer Boston Harbor), and Hingham Bay. Moderate eutrophication has been observed in the Massachusetts Bay along with harmful algal blooms, caused by overflow from combined sewer, insufficient wastewater treatment, and atmospheric deposition of nutrients.","Bricker et al. 2007","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[554,"Merrimack River","US-Massachusetts",42.815581,-70.871074,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Merrimack River is a 110 mile river that arises from the confluence of the Pemigewasset and the Winnipesaukee Rivers in Franklin, New Hampshire, eventually flowing into the Atlantic at Newbury Port. Low oxygen exists mainly in the upper section of river.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[555,"New Bedford Harbor","US-Massachusetts",41.608,-70.9,1930,"Seasonal","Loss of shellfish","Loss of fishes","New Bedford Harbor, a body of water shared between the towns of New Bedford and Fairhaven (Massachusetts-US), is actually the estuary of the Acushnet River where it empties into Buzzards Bay. New Bedford is home to  large fishing and manufacturing industries. Low oxygen may have occurred in the 1800s in New Bedford Harbor, associated with whaling and textile industries, and by 1930 the water quality was considered poor throughout the harbor. ","Whitledge, 1985; www.darrp.noaa.gov/northeast/new_bedford/admin.html","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[556,"Taunton River","US-Massachusetts",41.7,-71.183,1970,"Unknown",null,"Fish kills","The Taunton River is located in southeastern Massachusetts, arising from the confluence of the Town and Matfield Rivers, runs for 44 miles, and contains the largest freshwater wetland in the state of Massachusetts -- Hockomock Swamp. Taunton River has been experiencing low oxygen in upper portion of the river since the 1970s.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[557,"Waquoit Bay","US-Massachusetts",41.562619,-70.522075,1990,"Diel",null,null,"Waquoit Bay is a small landlocked tidal bay on the south shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The bay is connected with Nantucket Sound and separates the towns of Mashpee and Falmouth. Freshwater enters the bay from four major sources: the Quashnet/Moonakis River, Red Brook, Childs River, and groundwater flow. Waquoit Bay experiences a daily dissolved oxygen cycle that moves from supersaturated to hypoxic. Today, the bay faces increasing algal blooms, subaquatic vegetation decline, and collapse of the local scallop fishery that once thrived there.","D'Avanzo & Kremer, 1994; Fritz et al. 1996; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[558,"Back Bay","US-Mississippi",30.428,-88.912,1970,"Unknown",null,null,"Back Bay, part of Biloxi Bay in the Mississippi Sound,  has experienced low oxygen levels since monitoring began in the 1970s. However, hypoxia has not been a recurring problem until the 1990s. It is now part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Rabalais et al. 1985; Engle et al. 1999 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[559,"Bayou Casotte","US-Mississippi",30.3352,-88.512791,1970,"Unknown",null,null,"The Bayou Casotte is within the Pascagoula River and Escatawpa watersheds. The Bayou Casotte faces diverse sources of disturbance from industrial activities including petroleum fuels, petrochemicals, metal processing and fabricating, and nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers. ","Rabalais et al. 1985; Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[560,"Big Lake","US-Mississippi",30.42,-88.975,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Big Lake is the western-most part of Biloxi Bay. The intercoastal waterway, Biloxi River and Tchoutacabouffa River empty into Big Lake. Big Lake has been experiencing episodic algal blooms (Cladophora) since the 1980s. Oxygen levels have been measured as low as 1 mg/l, indicating hypoxia. ","Rabalais et al. 1985; Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[561,"East Mississippi Sound","US-Mississippi",30.35072,-88.35675,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the East Mississippi Sound over an area of 181 square kilometers in the past decade, due in part to stratification within the sound. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1920s, but the situation has improved through nutrient management in the watershed.","Bricker et al. 2007","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[562,"Escatawpa River","US-Mississippi",30.4222,-88.560778,1970,"Unknown",null,null,"The Escatawpa River is located in Mississippi and Alabama and is major tributary to the Pascagoula River. Hypoxia has been observed in the Escatawpa River since the 1970s. Low oxygen levels in the Escatawpa River are related to density, stratification and organic loadings from paper mills, the Menhaden rendering plant, and domestic and industrial discharges from the city of Pascagoula.","Rabalais et al. 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[563,"Mississippi Inner Shelf","US-Mississippi",30.126,-88.736,1950,"Episodic",null,null,"The Mississippi Inner shelf of the Gulf of Mexico experienced sporadic low oxygen in the 1800s associated with flood events, but by the 1940s, low oxygen increased and intensified in the 1960s based on foram proxies.","Rabalais et al. 1985; Brunner et al. 2006 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[565,"Pascagoula River/Bay","US-Mississippi",30.35053,-88.602418,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Pascagoula River is approximately 80 miles long, drains 8,800 square miles, and flows into the Pascagoula Bay in the northeast corner of the Mississippi Sound. This river, along with its tributaries, forms one of the largest drainage systems in Mississippi. The mouth of the Pascagoula River is hypoxic from March to October. Low oxygen levels are related to density, stratification, and organic loadings from paper mills, the Menhaden rendering plant, and domestic and industrial discharges from the city of Pascagoula.","Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[566,"West Mississippi Sound","US-Mississippi",30.26194,-89.02313,1800,{"$nulls":3},"The Mississippi Sound is a relatively shallow, elongate body of water that is bounded by Mississippi, Alabama, Lake Borgne, Mobile Bay, and a set of barrier islands. The West Mississippi Sound experiences a significantly lower salinity than the rest of the sound. The Mississippi Sound experienced low oxygen in the 1800s that was associated with flood events, but increased in the 1940s through the 1960s. Periodic hypoxia has been observed over an area of 266 square kilometers in the past decade although infrequent, short-lived and has been improving. Low dissolved oxygen levels, when observed, occur in the summer, and it sometimes becomes anoxic. Suspected mechanisms for low oxygen levels involve density stratification from higher salinity, lower temperature bottom water intruding onto the inner shelf and into the Sound via channels. There has been several crab and white shrimp kills along the shore, as well as a decline in other local fisheries. ","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[567,"Great Bay","US-New Hampshire",43.070993,-70.873981,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Great Bay is a tidal estuary located in eastern New Hampshire in the Strafford and Rockingham counties. The Great Bay discharges to the Piscataqua River at Dover Point, which runs to the Atlantic Ocean between New Hampshire and Maine. Its outlet is located at Dover Point, and it is composed of high energy tidal waters, fringing mudflats, and deep channels. Episodic suboxic events have been observed in the bay itself in the past decade and suboxic conditions are common in the tidal portions of the Squamscott, Lamprey, and Oyster rivers that flow into the bay. Suboxia is defined as dissolved oxygen concentrations below the recommended 5 mg/L, but not as low as 2 mg/L (hypoxic). Suboxic conditions are considered to mark the threshold for biological stress in aquatic systems. In the past, hypoxic conditions have also been reported within the bay. A total of 2.8 square kilometers in the tidal rivers are affected by persistent suboxic conditions. The total nitrogen load in the Great Bay has increased by 42 percent in the last 5 years, largely due to greater stormwater runoff and non-point source pollution loads during recent high rainfall years. Eelgrass cover, an aquatic species that plays a critical role for habitat and filtration in the bay's ecosystem and is sensitive to excess nutrients, has declined by 37 percent between 1990 and 2008.","Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007; Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership, 2009; http://www.prep.unh.edu","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[568,"Barnegat Inlet/Bay","US-New Jersey",39.77,-74.09,1990,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"Seasonal hypoxia was first observed in Barnegat Bay in the 1990s. The bay is a shallow, poorly flushed bay surrounded by development. Most of the nutrient loading is from nonpoint source pollution in surface water runoff. The events cause mortality at the sea bottom, although benthos typically recover within a year. ","Whitledge, 1985; Moser, 1998 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_mY99MB3ew; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5CBCIGAaik&feature=related; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qJSwmZSoNU&feature=related; ","N_mY99MB3ew; M5CBCIGAaik&feature=related; 7qJSwmZSoNU&feature=related"]
[569,"Great Egg Harbor River","US-New Jersey",39.3,-74.63,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Great Egg Harbor River is approximately 50 miles long, drains 308 square miles of wetlands into the Atlantic Ocean, and is located in south New Jersey. It is a shallow, poorly flushed river that borders developed areas in the watershed.","Whitledge, 1985; Glenn et al. 1996 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[570,"Little Egg Inlet","US-New Jersey",39.498,-74.318,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Little Egg Inlet is a brackish inlet off of the Little Egg Harbor that first experienced seasonal hypoxia in 1970.","Garlo et al. 1979","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[571,"Mullica River Estuary","US-New Jersey",39.544408,-74.40765,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Mullica River Estuary is a part of the Mullica River system in south New Jersey. In the estuary, oxygen levels were low in the 1980s, and the estuary became seasonally hypoxic in the 1990s.","Whitledge, 1985; Glenn et al. 1996 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[572,"Raritan Bay","US-New Jersey",40.474,-74.181,1970,"Improved",null,null,"Seasonal hypoxia is observed in Raritan Bay over an area of 55.2 square kilometers. However, hypoxic conditions have shown improvements recently due to nutrient management.","Christensen & Packard, 1976; Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[573,"Raritan River","US-New Jersey",40.494,-74.28,1970,"Seasonal",null,"Fish kills","The Raritan River is one of New Jersey's major river systems draining most of the mountainous area into Raritan Bay. The Raritan River is an eutrophic system within a watershed that is highly industrialized and urban/suburban.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[574,"Townsend-Hereford Inlet","US-New Jersey",39.12,-74.71,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Townsend's Inlet and Hereford Inlet, located to the north of Cape May, New Jersey, maintain the connection between the Backbarrier lagoon waters, marshes, and the New York Bight. The Townsend and Hereford Inlets first experienced  hypoxia in 1990 as a result of anthropogenic nutrient inputs.","Glenn et al. 1996; Glenn et al. 2004","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[575,"Arthur Kill","US-New York",40.503,-74.258,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Arthur Kill is a tidal strait that separates Staten Island from New Jersey, and is a major navigational channel. The strait connects Raritan Bay's south end to the north end of Newark Bay. It is a eutrophic system within a watershed in New York that is highly industrialized and urban/suburban.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[576,"Berger Basin","US-New York",40.654,-73.822,1970,"Periodic",null,null,"The Berger Basin meanders through Manhattan and empties into Flushing Bay. Berger Basin experiences periodic hypoxia which was first observed in the 1970s. ","Rhoads et al. 2001","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[577,"Carmans River","US-New York",40.77,-72.89,1990,"Diel","Species richness normal to slightly impacted",null,"The Carmans River is a 10 mile long river that runs through Brookhaven on Long Island, New York. It is one of the four largest rivers on Long Island, and it is freshwater for the first eight miles and then becomes an estuary for the last two. Diel hypoxia is rarely present in deep areas during summer, rather it is more likely to occur in shallower areas. The river is bordered by some residential development that contributes runoff, and up until the 1970s, fecal matter from duck farms located nearby had a dramatic effect on the river's water quality.","Zaikowski et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[578,"East River","US-New York",40.8,-73.917,1920,"Improved",null,null,"Decline in oxygen levels in the East River were first recorded in 1910-1930. In the early 1980s, conditions in the East River were some of the most severe, persistent, and chronically recurrent occurrences of hypoxia in the region. Upgrades to the wastewater treatment plants in the 1970s, newly built plants in the 1980s, and improved sewage system operations led to many improvements in water quality. ","Whitledge, 1985; Parker & O'Reilly, 1991 ","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[579,"Flushing Bay","US-New York",40.63,-73.81,1990,"Seasonal","Mortality",null,"Flushing Bay is a tidal embayment that is located in New York City on the southern side of the East River and is bordered by LaGuardia Airport on the west side. Highly eutrophic conditions exist in Flushing Bay because of nutrients from New York City runoff. Seasonal hypoxia has occurred here since the 1990s, resulting in mortality at the sea bottom. ","Rhoads et al. 2001","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[580,"Grassy Bay","US-New York",40.635,-73.79,1970,"Periodic","Mortality",null,"Parts of Grassy Bay are anoxic from June through August. Periodic hypoxia was first observed in the 1970s and today it can cover up to 26 square kilometers.","Rhoads et al. 2001; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[581,"Great South Bay","US-New York",40.708,-73.049,1990,"Improved",null,null,"The Great South Bay is situated between Long Island and Fire Island and is approximately 45 miles long. Although it has improved, tidal creeks have been periodically experiencing diel hypoxia between July and September since the 1990s over an area of 30 square kilometers. ","Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007;  Zaikowski et al. 2008","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[582,"Harlem River","US-New York",40.783,-73.939,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Harlem River is a navigable tidal straight that flows for 8 miles between the Hudson River and the East River, separating Manhattan and the Bronx. The Harlem River is an eutrophic system within a highly industrialized and urban/suburban watershed, including New York City.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[583,"Hudson River","US-New York",41.535,-73.991,1960,"Improved",null,null,"Water quality in the Hudson River has improved recently from nutrient management. However, before the abatement of untreated sewage discharge, average summer dissolved oxygen percent saturation varied between 35 percent and 50 percent in surface waters. Still, as much as 65 square kilometers of the bottom have been effected by hypoxia.","Brosnan & O'Shea, 1996; O'Shea & Brosnan, 2000","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[584,"Kill van Kull River","US-New York",40.645,-74.06,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Kill van Kull River runs through Manhattan, connecting the Upper New York Bay to the Newark Bay. It is an eutrophic system that has experienced low oxygen since 1970 mainly due to its location in a highly industrialized and urban/suburban watershed.","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[585,"Long Island Sound","US-New York",41.083,-72.883,1970,"Seasonal","About 30 percent of Sound benthos impacted by hypoxia.","Avoidance, some mortality. ","Eutrophication and subsequent hypoxia in Long Island Sound is considered to result from the region’s large population and associated influence on nutrient sources/pathways leading to high nutrient (particularly nitrogen) inputs into the system. Main sources of nitrogen within the catchment include atmospheric deposition from power plants and vehicles, agricultural runoff, and partially treated sewage discharge from wastewater treatment plants. Hypoxia in Long Island Sound tends to occur during summer months (June-September); during 1987-2010 the maximum extent of hypoxia within the sound averaged 195 square miles. However, the total area of hypoxia has reduced in the last 11 years with the summer of 2010 being one of the least severe covering 101 square miles and lasting 40 days (14 days less than average). Oxygen levels declined from the 1990s to 2000s with 1994 being the worst year yet. Effects of eutrophication and hypoxia are exacerbated in the western basin due to its poor flushing capacity (i.e. long water renewal time). Harmful algal blooms (HABs) (Alexandrium fundyense) have been reported as recently as 2007-2008 affecting several harbors including Northport, Centerport, and Huntington. The 2008 HAB event lasted 6 weeks and was responsible for elevated levels of water toxicity (through HAB-derived toxins) leading to the closure of 10,000 acres of shellfish beds by local authorities. Declines in oyster and lobster populations occurred in the late 1980s and 1990s, although high mortality rates observed are considered to be the result of parasitic diseases and high temperatures.  Reports indicate that around 30 percent of the sound benthos have been impacted by hypoxia. Problems with PCBs, poor sediment quality, and presence of pathogens have also been reported. ","Howell & Simpson, 1994; Welsh et al. 1994; Schimmel et al. 1999; Anderson & Taylor, 2001; Lee and Lwiza, 2007; Long Island Sound Study (LISS), 2010; http://longislandsoundstudy.net/","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[587,"Mill Basin","US-New York",40.603,-73.907,1990,"Seasonal",null,"Avoidance","The Mill Basin lies in southern Brooklyn, New York and connects to Jamaica Bay. It is a dead-end canal that first experienced seasonal hypoxia in the 1990s.","Rhoads et al. 2001","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[588,"Narrows","US-New York",40.627,-74.057,1970,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Narrows is a tidal strait that runs through New York, separating Staten Island from Brooklyn, connecting the upper and lower New York bays, and forming the principal channel for the Hudson River. The Narrows is a eutrophic system with highly industrialized and urban/suburban neighboring areas, including New York City. It is subject to low oxygen levels during the summer, mostly due to sewage effluent discharged into the waters.","Whitledge, 1985; Lee and Lwiza, 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[589,"New York Bight","US-New York",39.96,-73.56,1970,"Episodic","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery","Surf clam/finfish mortality, Avoidance, northward migration of bluefish blocked","As much as 987 square kilometers of the bottom environment of the New York Bight was affected by a one-time hypoxic event in 1976. Calm weather here can lead to stratification--different oxygen levels at different sea depths--and subsequently cause algal blooms. Oxygen-poor conditions have blocked the northward migration of bluefish, caused mortality of surf clams and finfish, and lead to mass mortality at the sea bottom. The sea bottom environment requires several years to recover from this hypoxic episode. ","Segar & Berberian, 1976; Azarovitz et al. 1979; Figley et al. 1979; Garlo et al. 1979; Sindermann & Swanson, 1980; Swanson and Parker, 1988; Boesch & Rabalais, 1991 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[590,"New York City Harbor","US-New York",40.67,-73.98,1990,"Improved","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization","Stressed","The New York City Harbor showed decline in oxygen levels in 1910-1930, which were improved once nutrient management was implemented. Today, seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s, resulting in mass mortality at the sea bottom and stress to native fisheries. The sea bottom environment typically recovers within a year. The situation in New York harbor has recently improved, again due to heightened nutrient management practices.","Parker & O'Reilly, 1991","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[591,"Newtown Creek","US-New York",40.739,-73.951,2000,"Diel","Mass Mortality","Fish kills","Newton Creek is an urbanized tributary of Lower Hudson River Estuary that experiences nutrient over enrichment and eutrophication which causes diel hypoxia throughout the summer. There is high variability in chlorophyll and oxygen levels in the surface waters. These conditions have led to mass benthic mortality and numerous fish kills in the creek.","Dueker & O'Mullan, 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[592,"Norton Basin","US-New York",40.601,-73.772,1990,"Seasonal",null,"Avoidance","The Norton Basin is a dead-end basin that drains into Jamaica Bay and is hydrodynamically restricted by artificial holes created for a landfill in the mid-1930s. This landfill, known as the Edgemere Landfill, has contributed to seasonal hypoxia which was first observed in the 1990s.","Rhoads et al. 2001","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[593,"Patchogue River","US-New York",40.75,-73.017,1990,"Persistent","Species richness severly impacted",null,"The Patchogue River is a short waterway that is lined with residential and commercial development. Physical forces such as channelization and abrupt changes in river depth induce salinity stratification in the Patchogue River which reduces vertical mixing and leads to hypoxia. Deep areas of the Patchogue have been persistently hypoxic since 1990, sediments are anoxic, and benthic invertebrates are severely impacted.","Zaikowski et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[594,"Shellbank Basin","US-New York",40.585,-73.922,1990,"Episodic",null,null,"The Shellbank Basin, a dead-end canal that runs through Manhattan, experiences episodic hypoxia which was first observed in 1990.","Rhoads et al. 2001","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[595,"Swan River","US-New York",40.75,-73.998,1990,"Unknown","Species richness moderately to severly impacted",null,"The Swan River flows south from Swan Lake into the Patchogue Bay which turns into the Great South Bay. The river is narrow with a sandy substrate bottom. Channelization in the increasingly saline Swan River induced stratification, an important factor influencing dissolved oxygen levels throughout the river. Frequent algal blooms and fish kills have been occurring in recent years; there were four events in 2000 alone. This area is also threatened by residential development, road construction, and sand mining operations.","Zaikowski et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[596,"Tivolie South","US-New York",42.033,-73.922,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Tivolie South, part of the Hudson River basin, was first observed as hypoxic in 1990.","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[597,"Ace Basin","US-North Carolina",32.558,-80.446,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The Ace Basin is part of the South Edisto River; it also includes St. Pierre Creek and Big Bay Basin. Runoff from urban, industrial, and agricultural activities, either in the basin or from areas upstream, is a significant source of pollution. Increased turbidity has been observed in the basin in the last few years. ","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[598,"Albemarle Sound","US-North Carolina",36.064,-76.02,1970,"Seasonal","Mortality","Mortality","The Albemarle Sound is a large estuary that is located at the confluence of the Chowan and the Roanoke River. Most of the sound is brackish or fresh water. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s over an area of roughly 460 square kilometers, in part from hurricanes and other storms that increase freshwater and nutrient levels in the sounds. Hypoxic events have caused mortality among fish and fauna at the sea bottom, and conditions have worsened in the 2000s.","Stanley, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999, 2007; Paerl et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[599,"Barnards Creek","US-North Carolina",34.159,-77.932,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Barnards Creek forms south of the conjunction of the northeast Cape Fear River and the Black River in North Carolina. A combination of agricultural, urban, and suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading in Barnards Creek. The creek experiences periodic hypoxia that was first observed in 2000. ","Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[600,"Black River","US-North Carolina",34.376,-78.083,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Black River is a tributary of the Cape Fear River and runs through North Carolina for approximately 50 miles. A combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff in the Black River contribute to nutrient loading. The river experiences seasonal hypoxia that was first observed in 1990.","Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[601,"Cape Fear ","US-North Carolina",{"v":34.21984166666667,"d":"34.220"},{"v":-77.95386944444445,"d":"-77.954"},1970,"Episodic","Reduced","Fish kills","Cape Fear is a 202 mile long blackwater river that flows into the Atlantic Ocean from east central North Carolina, draining the larger part of North Carolina. The Cape Fear is the only major estuary in North Carolina that has relatively free and direct access to the ocean, resulting in significant tides and tide affected flow within the estuary. Oxygen levels were low in the Cape Fear River in 1971, but not hypoxic until the 1990s. Many researchers believe that the lacustrine environments created by dams along the river contribute to phytoplankton bloom development. The estuary is also the most industrialized estuary in the state, facing rapid growth of chemical industries.","Stanley, 1985; Mallin et al. 1999, 2006; Posey et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[602,"Carolina Beach Lake","US-North Carolina",34.028,-77.914,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"Carolina Beach Lake is an oligohaline lake located approximately 200 meters from the Atlantic Ocean in the town of Carolina Beach, North Carolina. It is 1.5 meters deep and drains 243 hectares of urban and suburban watershed. The lake faces a combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff, all of which contribute to nutrient loading. Unlike other nearby systems, biological oxygen demand is negatively correlated with ammonia and water temperature. This system is especially vulnerable because of the increasingly frequent hurricanes the area experiences which devastate infrastructure and water quality.","Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[603,"Chowan River","US-North Carolina",36.167,-76.7,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Chowan River is the site of North Carolina's first known large-scale algal bloom in 1972, and as a result it became the first basin to receive the \"nutrient sensitive waters\" classification by the state in 1979. Today, chronic episodes of hypoxia exist in the river and its tributaries from late June though September most years. Dissolved oxygen levels usually fall below 3 mg/L during this time. Cyclonic events and their accompanying rainfall, storm surge, inundation and flushing of bottomland swamp habitats have occurred repeatedly in the basin since 1995 and have caused numerous fish kills.","Stanley, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[604,"Futch Creek","US-North Carolina",34.303,-77.752,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Futch Creek is a mesohaline tidal creek that drains into the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. The creek has few algal blooms, low fecal coliform levels, and numerous natural springs. A combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading in the Futch Creek. Episodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade.","Mallin et al. 2006; MacPherson et al. 2007","Hypoxic","YEs",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[605,"Great Coharie Creek","US-North Carolina",34.946,-78.383,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Great Coharie Creek flows into the Blackwater River in North Carolina. Biological oxygen demand loads in the Great Coharie Creek come mainly from allochthonous inputs. A combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading here.","Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[606,"Hammond Creek","US-North Carolina",34.384,-78.25,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"Hammond Creek is one of the main tributaries to the Cape Fear River. Agricultural inputs are the main source of pollution in Hammond Creek, but urban and suburban runoff also contribute to nutrient loading. Occurrences of hypoxia have been extremely variable in depth according to stream discharge and season. Hammond Creek in particular is much more susceptible to anthropogenic storm water runoff inputs than other rural streams in the area judging by higher average and maximum concentrations of pollutant variables.","Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[607,"Hewletts Creek","US-North Carolina",34.191,-77.855,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Hewletts Creek is a mesohaline tidal creek that discharges into the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. The creek is a heavily developed tidal watershed with about 31 percent impervious surface coverage. Episodic hypoxia has been observed here in the past decade, caused in part from extensive residential development in the Wrightsville Beach area -- specifically lawn and garden fertilizers and pet manure that are transported through runoff ditches and storm drain systems.","Mallin et al. 2006; MacPherson et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[608,"Masonboro Inlet","US-North Carolina",34.15611111,-77.84972222,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Masonboro inlet is located in New Hanover County, North Carolina. Hypoxia has been observed in this federally maintained navigation channel since the 1990s. Sediments are periodically extracted from the inlet to renourish both Masonboro Island and Wrightsville Beach.","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[609,"Motts Creek","US-North Carolina",34.131,-77.915,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Motts Creek is a second order stream that drains suburbs south of the city of Wilmington and enters the Cape Fear River estuary. Because of its location, a combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading. Motts Creek experiences periodic hypoxia that was first observed in 2000.","Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[610,"Neuse River Estuary","US-North Carolina",34.994,-76.91,1980,"Seasonal","Mortality/avoidance, decreased abundance","Fish kills, mortality of oyster. Reduced prey abundance and habitat quality for fish.","The Neuse River originates northwest of Durham in the northern Piedmont region of North Carolina and then flows southeasterly for over 200 miles past the cities of Raleigh, Smithfield, Goldsboro, Kinston and New Bern to the tidal waters of Pamlico Sound. Hypoxia was first observed here in the 1980s and as a result, the lower Neuse River Basin was classified as nutrient sensitive waters (NSW) in 1988. The estuary saw improvement in oxygen from the 1990s to 2000s, but to date, seasonal hypoxia is observed over an area of roughly 44 square kilometers. These events have caused fish kills, shellfish closures, and mortality of fauna at the sea bottom, particularly among oysters. Some marine fauna are able to avoid the area during hypoxic episodes.  Sources of impairment include agriculture and urban sources. Intense population growth in the basin is expected to increase pressures on the watershed.","Whitledge, 1985; Paerl et al. 1995; Paerl et al. 1998; Peterson, 1998; Lenihan, 1999; Buzzelli et al. 2002; Baird et al. 2004; Bell & Eggleston 2005; Lenihan & Powers et al. 2005; Aumann et al. 2006; Bishiop et al. 2006  ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[611,"New River","US-North Carolina",34.642,-77.343,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"The New River estuary is fed by small coastal plains that drain in southeastern North Carolina, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean through the New River Inlet. The river runs for 80 kilometers, beginning in Onslow County, flowing southeast through Jacksonville. The river is periodically dredged to support local commercial fishing operations, causing some of the islands near the inlet to disappear. The New River did not show signs of low oxygen until the 1990s when mostly animal production wastes caused harmful algal blooms. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade over an area of 21 square kilometers.","Stanley, 1985; Mallin, 2000; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[612,"Northeast Cape Fear River","US-North Carolina",34.313,-77.956,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"The Northeast Cape Fear River is a fifth order stream that arises within the North Carolina Coastal Plain and joins the mainstem Cape Fear River upstream of Wilmington. It is well mixed, but drains watersheds containing agricultural runoff and concentrated animal feed operations. A combination of agricultural, urban, and suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading and chronic summer hypoxia throughout the water column in the Northeast Cape Fear River.","Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[613,"Pages Creek","US-North Carolina",34.281,-77.794,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Pages Creek is located in New Hanover County, North Carolina. A combination of agricultural, urban, and suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading. The creek has high levels of fecal coliform, chlorophyll-a, and nutrients. The creek experiences periodic hypoxia that have been observed over the past decade. ","MacPherson et al. 2007; Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[614,"Pamlico River","US-North Carolina",35.424,-76.766,1960,"Seasonal","Mass Mortality, low macrobenthic species diversity and density in summer; recolonization by the following winter","Mortality","The Pamlico River is a tidal river that flows into the Pamlico Sound in North Carolina, and is formed by the confluence of the Tar River and Tranters Creek. The Pamlico River first experienced hypoxia in 1960, and as much as 45 square kilometers of the bottom environment can be affected. Agriculture contributes the greatest nonpoint source load (70percent) while developed lands contribute relatively little (6percent). Elevated nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, primarily from agricultural practices in the basin, are responsible for accelerated eutrophication in the lower Pamlico River. Water quality in the estuarine part of the basin is poor where waters are impacted by algal blooms and bacterial contamination. ","Tenore, 1972; Hobbie et al. 1975; Stanley, 1985; Stanley & Nixon 1992","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[615,"Pamlico Sound","US-North Carolina",35.4,-75.7,1990,"Episodic",null,"Common finfish species (pinfish, spot, croaker) had skin lesions and signs of systemic bacterial infections","Pamlico Sound is a shallow, low-tidal estuary that experiences hypoxia more frequently in the upper portion than near the mouth. The estuary did not experience hypoxia in the 1960s through the 1980s, but low oxygen developed in the late 1990s. Episodic hypoxia has remained since then, causing skin lesions and systemic bacterial infections in common finfish species such as pinfish, spot, and croaker. Although there has been no increasing trend of low oxygen in the past 15 years, conditions are exacerbated by hurricanes, projected to increase in frequency and intensity, which can increase both freshwater and nutrient concentrations."," Stanley, 1985; Paerl et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[616,"Six Runs Creek","US-North Carolina",34.53,-78.263,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"Six Runs Creek is a tributary of the Black River, which is in turn a tributary of the Cape Fear River, in southeastern North Carolina and runs for 50 miles. A combination of agricultural, urban, and suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading in Six Runs Creek, specifically concentrated animal feeding operations.","Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[617,"Smith Creek","US-North Carolina",34.256,-77.937,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"A combination of forested land, agricultural, urban, and suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading in Smith Creek -- a third order stream that drains suburbs north of Wilmington and into the Cape Fear River.","Mallin et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[619,"Rogue River","US-Oregon",42.423,-124.428,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Rogue River in southwestern Oregon in the United States flows about 215 miles (346 km) in a generally westward direction from the Cascade Range to the Pacific Ocean. Known for its salmon runs, whitewater  rafting, and rugged scenery, it was one of the original eight rivers named in the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968.  The river first experienced hypoxia in 1980. Nonpoint sources (primarily agriculture) contribute to high concentrations of total phosphates, total solids, and biochemical oxygen demand in the lower reaches of the Rogue river, leading to eutrophication and hypoxia.","Collias, 1985; Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh5Ev8VEbZ0","yh5Ev8VEbZ0"]
[620,"South Slough","US-Oregon",43.324,-124.321,1990,"Diel",null,null,"The South Slough is a part of the South Slough Reserve and encompasses lowland habitats, including salt marshes, tidal channels and freshwater tributaries. The South Slough first experienced hypoxia in the 1990s and currently has a daily cycle of oxygen from supersaturated to hypoxic. ","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh5Ev8VEbZ1","yh5Ev8VEbZ0"]
[621,"Yaquina Bay","US-Oregon",44.62,-124.03,1950,"Episodic",null,null,"The Yaquina Bay is a small bay located where the Yaquina River flows into the Pacific Ocean. Low oxygen water was advected into the Yaquina Bay estuary from the shelf at times as early as the 1950s and occurred again in 2002. The bay faced an increasing trend of low oxygen from 1960-1985, but there were no instances of hypoxia in the late 1980s. Low oxygen in the river is associated with point source discharges, log rafting operations, and coastal upwellings. During the dry season, the ocean is the dominate source of nitrogen, but during the wet season river discharge is the primary source.","Collias, 1985; Brown et al. 2007; Brown and Power (in press) ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh5Ev8VEbZ2","yh5Ev8VEbZ0"]
[622,"Greenwich Bay","US-Rhode Island",41.674,-71.414,2000,"Seasonal",null,"Fish Kill in 2003","Greenwich Bay is a small, shallow sub-embayment located on the west side of Narragansett Bay that receives little freshwater input. Only 0-4 percent of area is hypoxic at oxygen levels of less than 2.3 mg/L with levels dropping sharply near the bottom sediments. This occurrence has led many to believe that hypoxia in Greenwich Bay is driven by the sediment oxygen demand present as well as benthic respiration rates. The western portion of the Greenwich Bay falls in the vicinity of the Fall River sewage treatment plant. ","Deacutis et al. 2006; Melrose et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuTjXK7MHFI ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGIuUz4Z8-g ; ","DuTjXK7MHFI; AGIuUz4Z8-g"]
[623,"Mount Hope Bay","US-Rhode Island",41.68,-71.21,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"In 2001, 0.5-2.5 percent of Mount Hope Bay had oxygen levels of less than 2.3 mg/L mostly contained in the southern end of the subembayment. And in August of that year, severe hypoxia was found (oxygen levels of less than 1.0 mg/L). The Fall River sewage treatment plant is located on the southeastern shore of Mount Hope Bay and contributes nutrient loadings in the bay.","Deacutis et al. 2006; Melrose et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[624,"Narragansett Bay","US-Rhode Island",41.677,-71.329,1950,"Seasonal","Reduced abundance or absence.",null,"Narragansett Bay experiences impacts from excess organic loading, including increased incidence of opportunistic benthic species, destroyed benthic habitat, growth of macroalgae, and instances of low dissolved oxygen. The bay is hypoxic from June to September, and hypoxia was first observed in the 1950s in the upper part of bay. By the 1980s, low oxygen was widespread, and levels continued to declined from 1990s to 2000s. Decreased estuarine circulation due to a severe drought in 2002 may have contributed to a wider extent of hypoxic and near-anoxic waters in large areas of the upper half of the bay.","Whitledge, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007; Bergondo et al. 2005; Cicchetti et al. 2006; Deacutis et al. 2006; Melrose et al. 2007  ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuTjXK7MHFI ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGIuUz4Z8-g ; ","DuTjXK7MHFI; AGIuUz4Z8-g"]
[626,"Pettaquamscutt River","US-Rhode Island",41.456,-71.451,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The Pettaquamscutt River is an undammed tidal extension of the Mattatuxet River, beginning just below Carr Pond Dam in North Kingstown. As the river flows south, it forms the border between South Kingstown and Narragansett, and continues through Pettaquamscutt Cove, emptying at Narragansett Bay. The entire river is broken up into five main sections: upper pond, lake, narrows, flats, and mouth. Hypoxia has been observed in the Pettaquamscutt River since the 1990s.","Wilkin & Barnes, 1997","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[627,"Potters Cove","US-Rhode Island",41.579,-71.321,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Potters Cove is part of Narragansett Bay's east passage in Jamestown, Rhode Island. Hypoxia was first observed in Potters Cove in the 1990s.","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuTjXK7MHFI ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGIuUz4Z8-g ; ","DuTjXK7MHFI; AGIuUz4Z8-g"]
[628,"Providence River","US-Rhode Island",41.814,-71.401,1950,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Providence River experiences seasonal low dissolved oxygen conditions because of its mesohaline estuarine circulation, nitrogen loads from seven different sewage treatment plants located upstream, and algal growth resulting from these inputs. Approximately 27-39 percent of the river is hypoxic with less than 2.3 mg/L oxygen concentrations.","Whitledge, 1985; Bergondo et al. 2005; Deacutis et al. 2006; Melrose et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[629,"Beresford Creek","US-South Carolina",32.898,-79.89,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Beresford Creek is a tidal creek in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Hypoxia was first observed in Beresford Creek in the 1990s, and today the creek experiences periodic hypoxia. Most of the inputs to the bay come from residential developments located nearby.","Lerberg et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[630,"Broad River","US-South Carolina",32.399,-80.717,2000,"Improved",null,null,"The Broad River is a tidal channel flowing into the Coosawhatchie River at the head and the Coosaw River channel in the northeast before continuing southeast into the Atlantic Ocean. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade in the Broad River over an area of 70 square kilometers. In recent years, oxygen conditions have shown some signs of improvement.","Bricker et al. 1999, 2007","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[631,"Bull Creek","US-South Carolina",32.826,-80.019,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Bull Creek is a tidal creek in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Hypoxia was first observed in the creek in the 1990s, and today it occurs periodically. The area is surrounded by suburban development that contributes to nutrient loading in the creek.","Lerberg et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[632,"Charleston Harbor","US-South Carolina",32.905,-79.95,2000,"Improved",null,null,"Charleston Harbor is an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean that is formed by the junction of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Although periodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade over an area of 33 kilometers, oxygen conditions in the Charleston Harbor have been improving in recent years since the wastewater treatment upgrades and the ban of phosphates in the watershed.","Bricker et al. 2007","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[633,"Deep Creek","US-South Carolina",32.925,-79.769,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Deep Creek is a predominately forested tidal creek in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Periodic hypoxia was first observed here in the 1990s.","Lerberg et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[634,"Diesel Creek","US-South Carolina",32.815,-79.961,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Diesel Creek is a tidal, upland creek in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Diesel creek, like many other water bodies in South Carolina, is increasingly susceptible to urbanization as 50 percent of the watershed is impervious surfaces. The creek also faces impacts from surrounding industrialization.","Lerberg et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[635,"Foster Creek","US-South Carolina",32.862,-79.858,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Foster creek is an upland, tidal creek in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. The creek is a salt marsh in a forested area with little urbanization. Periodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s.","Lerberg et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[636,"James Island Creek","US-South Carolina",32.76,-79.943,1990,"Periodic","Mortality/avoidance","Avoidance","Periodic hypoxia has been observed in James Island Creek since the 1990s, causing mortality at the sea bottom. Both fish and benthos avoid the region during hypoxic episodes. James Island is one of the most urbanized islands in South Carolina. The island is separated from Charleston by the Ashley River and from the mainland by the Stono River.","Burnett, 1997","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[637,"Long Bay","US-South Carolina",33.62,-78.88,2000,"Episodic",null,"Mortality of flounders","Recently documented episodic hypoxia in Long Bay may be related to multiple factors, like high chlorophyll-a. Decreased oxygen has caused sluggish behavior in flounder, leading to increases in catch. One particular incident occurred in July 2004 at a popular tourist destination, Myrtle Beach, which was dubbed the \"Grand Strand Flounder Jubilee.\"","Koephler et al. 2007","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[638,"Malind Creek","US-South Carolina",32.325,-80.917,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Malind Creek is located near the headwaters of the Okatee River estuary in South Carolina. In Malind Creek, and other waterbodies throughout South Carolina, urbanization (associated with tourism, retirement, and now fishing and forestry industries) in coastal watersheds is occurring at a much faster rate than population growth. Rapid urbanization is linked to observances of  hypoxia in the last decade. This shallow, narrow and enclosed creek has large pools of nutrients and highly variable levels of dissolved oxygen.","Gillett et al. 2005","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[639,"New Market Creek","US-South Carolina",32.819,-79.937,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"New Market Creek is an urban, tidal creek in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Approximately 51.2 percent of the creek's watershed was impervious surfaces in 2000. Pollution is mainly the result of urban runoff. ","Lerberg et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[640,"North Inlet","US-South Carolina",33.35,-79.191,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"The North Inlet is an ocean-dominated estuary that consists of 12,000 acres of tidal marshes and wetlands. The inlet, recognized for many years as a pristine estuary, is now experiencing elevated concentrations of both organic and inorganic nutrients. By the early 2000s about six percent of the sampling data indicated hypoxic conditions. Eutrophication here, like many other regions, is correlated with population growth.","Stanley, 1985; Sanger et al. 2002; www.northinlet.sc.edu","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[642,"Okatee Creek","US-South Carolina",32.306,-80.927,2000,"Diel",null,null,"Okatee Creek is a macrotidal creek located near the headwaters of the Okatee River estuary in South Carolina that has a diel dissolved oxygen pattern. ","Gillett et al. 2005","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[643,"Orange Grove Creek","US-South Carolina",32.806,-79.977,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Orange Grove Creek is an impacted salt marsh creek in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Orange Grove Creek experiences periodic hypoxia that was first observed in 1990.","Lerberg et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[644,"Rathall Creek","US-South Carolina",32.859,-79.886,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Rathall Creek is a tidal creek in a forested watershed in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Rathall Creek experiences periodic hypoxia that was first observed in 1990.","Lerberg et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[645,"Shem Creek","US-South Carolina",32.793,-79.882,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Shem Creek is a suburban tidal creek in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Shem Creek experiences periodic hypoxia that was first observed in 1990.","Lerberg et al. 2000","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[646,"St. Helena Sound","US-South Carolina",32.478539,-80.443778,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Helena Sound is a tidal creek. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in here in the past decade over an area of 71 square kilometers.","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[647,"North Edisto River","US-South Carolina",32.63907,-80.03159,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Edisto River is the longest completely undammed and unleveed blackwater river in North America as it flows for 206 miles into the Atlantic Ocean at Edisto Beach. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed in the past decade over an area of 22 square kilometers.","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[648,"Stono River","US-South Carolina",32.639,-80.032,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Stono River is a tidal channel located in southeast South Carolina just southwest of Charleston that converges with the Kiawah River. The river was absent of hypoxia in the 1980s, but low oxygen developed in the 1990s.","Stanley, 1985; Bricker et al. 1999; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[651,"Arroyo Colorado","US-Texas",26.355,-97.374,1980,"Persistent",null,null,"Arroyo Colorado is located near the southern most tip of Texas. Flow in the Arroyo Colorado is sustained by wastewater discharges, agricultural irrigation return flows, urban runoff, and base flows from shallow groundwater. Hypoxia or anoxia occur year-round in the dredged area near the Port of Harlingen, and has been observed since the 1990s. In the summer time, strong vertical stratification occurs, making low flow and hypoxia the most severe during this time. The bay is part of a regional water quality monitoring program. ","Rabalais et al. 1985; Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[652,"Baffin Bay","US-Texas",27.323,-97.531,1980,"Episodic",null,null,"Baffin Bay is a hyperhaline shallow bay, an inlet of the larger Laguna Madre, that becomes highly stratified during heavy rains with a freshwater input level that is less than evaporation. Baffin Bay includes three arms or branches, Alazon Bay,  Cayo del Grullo, and Laguna Salada. An estimated area of 61 square kilometers has been affected by episodic hypoxia since the 1980s. A 1999 assessment of the bay noted high chlorophyll-a concentrations and the presence of nuisance and toxic algal blooms.","Rabalais et al. 1985; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[653,"Brazos River","US-Texas",28.973,-95.378,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Brazos River is a low-gradient river that flows more than 900 miles through most main regions in Texas, many of which are inundated by months of heavy rains. It is the longest and largest in the basin area of eight Texas river basins. Dead zones are strongest at the river near Freeport and San Luis Pass, dissipating in Matagorda Bay. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in the past decade over an area of 22 square kilometers. Low oxygen in the Brazos River, mostly found in the upper reaches of the river, occurs when there is infrequent flushing and stratification. Additional factors that affect the oxygen levels include: chemical plant discharge, and wastewater treatment outfalls.","Rabalais et al. 1985; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[654,"Brownsville Ship Channel","US-Texas",25.955,-97.39,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Brownsville Ship Channel is part of the Lower Laguna Madre system. The channel experiences oxygen-depleted waters, often anoxic, from April to October. Hypoxia was first observed in 1980. ","Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[656,"Bryan Mound, shallow","US-Texas",28.9,-95,1970,"Episodic","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery","Stressed","Bryan Mound is located off the coast of Galveston, Texas. Episodic hypoxia has been observed in the Bryan Mound since the 1970s, putting stress on fisheries and causing mass mortality at the sea bottom. The benthic zone requires several years to recover from a hypoxic episode.","Harper et al. 1981; Harper et al. 1991","Hypoxic","No",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[657,"Cedar Bayou","US-Texas",29.73,-94.937,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Cedar Bayou is a salt water channel on the Texas coast that separates San Jose Island from Matagorda Island. It experiences localized problems related to man-made diversions and flow reversals. Hypoxia was first observed here in the 1980s. ","Rabalais et al. 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[659,"Corpus Christi Bay","US-Texas",27.749,-97.293,1980,"Seasonal","Reduced, biomass at hypoxic stations is 96percent less than at normoxic stations.",null,"Hypoxia has been observed in the southeastern part of Corpus Christi Bay every summer since 1988. It expanded in the 1990s, and today, as much at 123 square kilometers can be affected by hypoxia. The bay faces low bottom oxygen when bottom salinity is high, and significant reductions in benthic species have been noted. During hypoxic episodes, fish biomass is observed to be 96 percent lower in hypoxic areas of the bay than in non-hypoxic areas. Studies have found that hypoxia in Corpus Christi Bay drives hypoxia intolerant organisms to the surface and out of sediments.","Montagna & Kalke 1992; Ritter & Montagna 1999; Applebaum et al. 2005; Montagna & Ritter 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[660,"Dickinson Bayou","US-Texas",29.453,-94.997,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Dickinson Bayou is located in southeast Texas in the San Jacinto-Brazos Coastal Basin and flows east for twenty miles before reaching its mouth in Dickinson Bay and Galveston Bay. The watershed faces encroaching development as increasing impervious surfaces and sewage discharge threaten local water quality. The system's intrinsically low flushing rate perpetuates the risk of algal blooms. ","Rabalais et al. 1985; Quiggs, 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[661,"East Bay","US-Texas",29.527,-94.62,1970,"Episodic",null,null,"The East Bay is located on the northwest coast of the Bolivar Peninsula, Texas. In July, 1976 there were area-wide low dissolved oxygen values observed in Galveston Bay as well as those stations in East Bay closest to Galveston Bay. However, this did not occur in other years. Limited problems occur in Trinity Bay and East Bay in the hottest months when wind mixing of the water column does not occur.","Rabalais, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[662,"Freeport","US-Texas",28.95,-95.31,1970,"Episodic","Mortality with multi-year recovery","Avoidance, some mortality. ","Hypoxia was first observed in Freeport, coinciding with the Brazos River flooding event. As much as 50 square kilometers of sea-bottom was affected by hypoxia, and many benthic organisms perished. Here, there is an intense freshwater plume that is directed upcoast as well as strong stratification of the water column.","Harper & Rabalais, 1995","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[666,"Lavaca Bay","US-Texas",28.598023,-96.524976,1990,"Episodic",null,null,"Lavaca Bay is an extension of Matagorda Bay. The Lavaca River as well as Garcitas Creek and Venado Creek supply the bay with freshwater from the north. The ports of Port Lavaca and Point Comfort lie on the shores of the bay. Low dissolved oxygen levels in Lavaca Bay are primarily present in the deeper navigation channels during the summer months. Low oxygen areas tend to remain spatially confined to specific areas. The area experiences localized water column stratification. The main land uses in the area are agriculture and ranching activities. The bay has recently become part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[667,"Lower Laguna Madre","US-Texas",26.42264,-97.36166,2000,"Persistent",null,null,"The Lower Laguna Madre is a long, shallow bay along the western coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Persistent hypoxia has been observed here in the past decade over an area of 28 square kilometers, due in part to sewage discharge and shrimp farming in the area. These low oxygen levels have been observed in the deeper channels and are also related to the stratification that follows heavy rains. ","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[668,"Matagorda Ship Channel","US-Texas",28.435,-96.335,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Matagorda Ship Channel is located near the Matagorda Bay on the Texas coast. Low oxygen has been observed in the deep part of the channel. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s over an area of roughly 280 square kilometers.","Rabalais et al. 1985; Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[669,"Mission-Aransas Estuary","US-Texas",28.164,-97.171,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Mission-Aransas Estuary is located on the Texas Gulf-coast, and includes the Aransas and Copano bays. The estuary experiences reduced freshwater inflows coupled with climatic factors, which contribute to the occurrence of low oxygen. Land use here is dominated by agriculture and ranching activities, and the estuary supports a significant portion of the commercial fishing industry in Texas.","Rabalais et al. 1985; Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[670,"Nueces Bay","US-Texas",27.851,-97.42,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Nueces Bay is a shallow bay in south Texas, an extension of Corpus Christi Bay, with low oxygen in the deeper channels. Landuse in the region primarily consists of agriculture, but there are also some urban and industrial areas that contribute to pollution.","Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[671,"Offats Bayou","US-Texas",29.278,-94.849,1930,"Unknown","Mass Mortality","Mortality","The Offats Bayou is located in Galveston, Texas. The first occurrence of algal blooms in the Offats Bayou was in 1936. The Bayou is now part of a regional water quality monitoring program. During hypoxic episodes, mortality has been observed in fish along with mass mortality at the sea bottom. ","Gunter, 1942; White et al. 1984; Engle et al. 1999 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[672,"San Antonio Bay","US-Texas",28.3,-96.7,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"San Antonio Bay is formed by the San Antonio and the Guadalupe Rivers. Oxygen levels in the San Antonio Bay declined from the 1980s to 1990s. Stratification in the bay is a highly significant factor. Hypoxia was first observed in the 1990s, and today seasonal hypoxia in the bay can occupy up to 109 square kilometers.","Rabalais et al. 1985; Lowery, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[673,"San Bernard River","US-Texas",28.879,-95.468,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The San Bernard River flows from its headwaters northwest of San Felipe, Texas to its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico located approximately 100 miles southeast. It is part of a regional water quality monitoring program. ","Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[674,"Texas Shelf, Deep","US-Texas",28.37,-94.68,1980,"Episodic",null,null,"Episodic hypoxia has been observed in the Texas Shelf since the 1980s, causing fish abundance at the onset of a hypoxic event, but ultimately decreasing fish diversity. Mortality has been observed at the sea bottom, although these regions typically recover within a year.","Harper et al. 1981; Harper et al. 1991","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[675,"Upper Galveston Bay Channel","US-Texas",29.685,-94.981,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Galveston Bay is the largest estuary on the Texas coast. It is hypoxic with the most severe areas closest to the coast, and is part of the regional water quality monitoring program. The bay is heavily industrialized with petrochemical plants that pollute the area. It is also experiencing increasing suburban development. Both trends are contributing to losses in critical wetland habitat at a faster rate than anywhere else along the coast, diminishing the filtering capacity of the wetlands. Periodic channel dredging associated with commercial harvest practices are also significant threats. The bay faces localized oxygen-depletion in bottom waters where there is reduced mixing throughout the water column. The susceptible channels are usually deep, farthest removed from tidal exchange, or tertiary bays or tributaries with little mixing, low flow, or pollutant loadings. ","Rabalais et al. 1985; Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic","http://www2.nos.noaa.gov/gomex/nutrients/nuts_conf_09/present/14_tx_coastal.pdf, ",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[676,"Upper Laguna Madre","US-Texas",27.26039,-97.39444,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Upper Laguna Madre is an estuary system within Corpus Christi Bay in southern Texas. This once clear water system has been abruptly intruded upon by algal blooms. Periodic hypoxia has been observed here in the past decade over an area of 293 square kilometers. Most of the low oxygen values recorded in this area are in deeper channels rather than the shallower margins of the lagoon.","Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[677,"Chesapeake Bay, lower","US-Virginia",37.574,-76.138,1980,"Seasonal","Reduced diversity and biomass. Reduced deep-dwelling biomass at hypoxia-affected areas.",null,"The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. It lies off the Atlantic Ocean and is surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay's drainage basin covers 166,534 square kilometers and includes the District of Columbia and parts of six states: New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. The main tributaries entering the bay include the Susquehanna, Patuxuent, Potomac, Rappahannock, James and York Rivers. The once productive crab, oyster and menhaden fisheries have been severely diminished as a result of poor water quality in the bay. The Bay receives nutrients and sediments from agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and urban wastewater. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s, resulting in lower diversity and a lower proportion of deep-dwelling biomass in affected areas. Algal blooms area also common in the summer months.","Dauer et al. 1992","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[678,"Elizabeth River","US-Virginia",36.838,-76.251,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Elizabeth River joins the James River to enter the lower Chesapeake Bay. The main branch of the estuary is approximately 5 mi (8 km) long and 2 mi (3.2 km) wide at its mouth. It is formed at its southern end by three river estuaries from the east near its mouth. These are known as the Eastern, Southern, and Western branches of the Elizabeth River. Hypoxia has been observed in the southern and eastern branches. The southern branch is the longest tributary and is believed to originate within the Great Dismal Swamp near the Virginia and North Carolina border. Where it joins the James River, the southern branch is predominately industrial. The eastern branch receives nutrient runoff primarily from agricultural and suburban landuses. No hypoxia has been documented in the western branch, however it is considered eutrophic.","CBP Monitoring Data","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[679,"Goodwin Island","US-Virginia",37.219,-76.396,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"The Goodwin islands are located on the southern side of the mouth of the York River as it flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Low oxygen has been observed in submerged aquatic vegetation beds. Periodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s, and mean dissolved oxygen readings were near saturation during the examined time period except between July-August, ranging from 23.6 percent to 195.7 saturation. ","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[680,"Mattaponi River","US-Virginia",37.65,-76.892,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Mattaponi River is a tributary of the York River estuary in Virginia. The York River estuary sits on the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay. Eutrophication here is caused by excess nutrient loading, and seasonal hypoxia has been observed since 1990.","CBP Monitoring Data","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[681,"Mobjack Bay","US-Virginia",37.338,-76.378,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Mobjack Bay is a bay on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. It lies between the York River to the south and the Rappahannock River to the north. Eutrophication here is caused by excess nutrient loading, and seasonal hypoxia occurs.","CBP Monitoring Data","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[682,"Nansemond River","US-Virginia",36.856,-76.514,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"The Nansemond River is a tributary of the James River estuary which flows into the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay. Eutrophication here is caused by excess nutrient loading, and seasonal hypoxia is observed. However, conditions have shown some signs of improvement with the implementation of oyster restoration projects.","CBP Monitoring Data","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[683,"Onancock Creek","US-Virginia",37.71,-75.76,2000,"Periodic",null,null,"Onancock Creek is located on the eastern shore of Virginia, emptying into the Chesapeake Bay. Eutrophication here is caused by excess nutrient loading. Biological processes dominate the dissolved oxygen concentrations in the creek unlike shallower systems that tend to be dominated by physical processes.","Wang, 2005","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[684,"Rappahannock River","US-Virginia",37.6,-76.35,1980,"Periodic","Mortality with annual recolonization","Avoidance","The Rappahannock River empties into the Chesapeake Bay. Periodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1990s over an area of 92 square kilometers, with some anoxia (severe hypoxia) observed in the summer. During hypoxic episodes, fish avoid the area and mortality is observed at the sea bottom. Benthos typically recover within a year. The main land use adjacent to the creek is agriculture.","Kuo et al. 1991; Llansó 1992","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[685,"Taskinas Creek","US-Virginia",37.414,-76.713,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Taskinas Creek is a small sub-estuary on the southern side of the York River (a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay) that is dominated by forest and agricultural uses with increasing residential areas. Eutrophication in the creek is caused by excess nutrient loading. In 1996 and 1997, dissolved oxygen levels were the highest in the winter and the lowest in the summer -- mean dissolved oxygen levels in June and July were below 50 percent saturation and the creek was observed as hypoxic les than 2 percent of the time.","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[686,"York River","US-Virginia",37.236,-76.468,1970,"Periodic","Little to no response","Avoidance, reduced diversity following low oxygen even","The York River drains the coastal plains of northern Virginia and its mouth is located on the west side of the Chesapeake Bay. Low oxygen occurs periodically between June and September annually, and is followed by reduced fish diversity. This pattern is associated with the spring neap tidal cycle. Periodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s over an area of 43 square kilometers. The bottom environment has shown little to no response.","Haas. 1977; Pihl et al. 1991; Diaz et al. 1992; Pihl et al. 1992; Sagasti et al. 2001, 2003; Seitz et al. 2003","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[687,"Bellingham Bay","US-Washington",48.748177,-122.565224,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"Bellingham Bay is located on the northern Pacific coast of Washington state. Both the Nooksack River and Whatcom Creek empty into the bay. The Nooksack River plume delivers high nutrient loads to the bay, mainly from agricultural runoff and urban wastewater. In the summer months, stratification combined with high nutrient loads lead to low dissolved oxygen levels. Minimum dissolved oxygen levels have been measured at less than 2 mg/L indicating hypoxic events. In addition, harmful algal blooms have been known to occur in the bay. ","Washington State, 2002; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[688,"Budd Inlet","US-Washington",47.1,-122.91,1980,"Seasonal",null,null,"Budd Inlet is a southern arm of Puget Sound which receives riverine inputs from the Deschutes River. The city of Olympia, Washington is located at the southern end of Budd Inlet. Some major sources of pollution in Budd Inlet are stormwater runoff and pipe discharge as well as industrial pollution from shipping berths at the nearby port. High nitrogen loads and stratification in the summer months make Budd Inlet susceptible to eutrophication impacts. The inlet is also characterized by restricted flushing (long water renewal time) and it is therefore considered to be prone to eutrophication and hypoxia. In the early 1990s, dissolved oxygen levels were measured at 2 mg/l and 3 mg/l, indicating hypoxic events. A more recent survey by Washington State in 2002 showed slight improvements in dissolved oxygen (4 mg/l), but levels still indicate presence of near-hypoxic events that may be causing biological stress. Fecal coliform bacteria contamination (> 14 organism counts/100 ml) is reported to be chronically persistent in the system. ","Whitledge, 1985; Washington State, 2002 ","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[689,"Discovery Bay","US-Washington",48.018,-122.847,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Discovery Bay is a small bay adjoining the Strait of Juan de Fuca on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State; this body of water was also historically called Port Discovery. The bay experiences seasonal stratification and high productivity, leading to low dissolved oxygen levels in the summer and fall months. Dissolved oxygen levels have been measured at less than 3 mg/L, indicating hypoxic conditions. The degree to which anthropogenic nutrient inputs are a factor is unknown; the bay also receives low-oxygenated oceanic water from the nearby Strait of Juan de Fuca.","Washington State, 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[690,"Elliott Bay","US-Washington",47.599818,-122.361792,1990,"Seasonal",null,null,"Elliott Bay is part of Washington's inland sea, Puget Sound. It is home to the Port of Seattle, one of the United State's busiest ports. Dissolved oxygen levels in the bay have been measured at less than 3 mg/L, indicating hypoxic conditions. Elliott Bay is named as one of Washington's primary water quality concerns due to a combination of stratification, and high nutrient concentrations. ","Washington State, 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[691,"Hood Canal","US-Washington",47.64,-122.812,1930,"Seasonal",null,"Fish did not enter oxygen minimum later in water column while invertebrates did.","Hood Canal is a fjord-like system that has faced declining oxygen levels from the 1990s to 2000s. Seasonal hypoxia has been observed as early as the 1930s and currently covers an area of roughly 240 square kilometers. Eutrophication is the result of anthropogenic nutrient inputs.  According to the National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment, dissolved oxygen levels are at their lowest in recorded history.","Paulson et al. 1993; Bricker et al. 2007; Parker-Stetter & Horne, 2008","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1iv37Yn8bg","D1iv37Yn8bg"]
[692,"Lynch Cove","US-Washington",47.436,-122.851,1980,"Persistent",null,null,"Lynch Cove is the shallow tideland that lies at the innermost reach of Hood Canal. Hypoxia in Lynch Cove has become persistent all year. Oxygen levels in the cove range from 0 mg/L to 3 mg/L. Some species existing in these areas have begun to adapt to low oxygen conditions, others have found refuge in the surface waters.","Whitledge, 1985; Washington State, 2002 ","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[693,"Padilla Bay","US-Washington",48.536483,-122.529527,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Padilla Bay is a shallow, tidal bay that is the estuary for the Skagit River. It is located between the San Juan Islands and the mainland of Washington. Padilla Bay showed no signs of hypoxia until the early 1990s when low oxygen in submerged a aquatic vegetation bed was discovered.","Sanger et al. 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[694,"Penn Cove","US-Washington",48.231,-122.674,2000,"Unknown",null,null,"Penn Cove is a deeply incised bay along the eastern edge of the Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve that is utilized for several commercial purposes including salmon and groundfish aquaculture, and, most recently, mussel aquaculture and recreational uses. Penn Cove receives high nutrient fluxes from the nearby Skagit river. Nuisance and toxic algal blooms have been observed in addition to hypoxic events that occur in the summer and fall months. ","Lewitus et al. 2009","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[695,"Port Gardner","US-Washington",48,-122.25,1970,"Improved",null,null,"The Snohomish and the Stillaguamish Rivers both discharge into Port Gardner. Port Gardner is an inlet of Possession Sound on which Everett City Washington is located, and experiences low oxygen related to wastewater discharge from the Kimberly-Clark pulp and paper mill. Water quality in the port has improved as a result of secondary treatment for wastewater from the plant. In addition, plans to construct a new pipe that will discharge wastewater from the plant as well as nearby sewage treatment plants into open waters outside the port are expected to improve water quality as well. ","Collias, 1985; Rabalais 1998","Improved","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[696,"Port Susan","US-Washington",48.113,-122.39,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Port Susan is a highly productive system that is part of the Whidbey Island Basin in Puget Sound on the Stillaguamish River. This port has a natural tendency to develop low oxygen below sill depth, and could be sensitive to climate change and increased nutrient loading. When the water in Port Susan is replaced by denser water, it is displaced upward in the water column, resulting in pockets of naturally low dissolved oxygen for a short duration. Depletion of oxygen also happens at intermediate depths during the summer and the fall. Port Susan has extensive clam beds at the Stillaguamish river discharge point, but most are closed to commercial harvest due to high amounts of coliform bacteria, principally from dairy farming in the watershed. Discharges from nearby pulp and paper industries also continue to impact Port Susan. ","Collias, 1985","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[698,"Saratoga Passage","US-Washington",48.108,-122.49,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Saratoga Passage lies in Puget Sound between Whidbey Island and Camano Island. The Washington Department of Ecology ranked the Saratoga Passage as a moderate level concern with low dissolved oxygen, moderate levels of dissolved inorganic oxygen and as experiencing stratification.","Washington State, 2002","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[699,"Sequim Bay","US-Washington",48.05,-123.018,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"Sequim Bay is located in northwest Washington on the Olympic peninsula. Moderate to severe eutrophication has been observed here along with harmful algal blooms as a result of agricultural nutrient runoff and insufficient wastewater treatment in the region. Following a toxic bloom in 2005, the region faced severe losses in shellfish harvests.","Collias, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[700,"Skagit Bay","US-Washington",48.3,-122.44,1990,"Periodic",null,null,"Skagit Bay is a bay and strait is located in Washington, part of the Whidbey Island Basin of Puget Sound, and empties from the Skagit River. Skagit Bay has a natural tendency to develop low oxygen below sill depth, and will likely be sensitive to climate change and increased nutrient loading.","Rabalais, 1998","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[701,"South Puget Sound","US-Washington",47.224,-122.812,1980,"Periodic",null,null,"Puget Sound is a complex estuarine system of interconnected marine waterways and basins, with one major and one minor connection to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Pacific Ocean. The term \"Puget Sound\" is used not just for the body of water but also the general region centered on the sound, including the Seattle metropolitan area, home to about 4.2 million people. Southern Puget Sound refers to the southern portion of the sound, near the cities of Tacoma and Olympia. Periodic hypoxia in South Puget Sound has been observed in the past decade over an area of 34 square kilometers. About 75 percent of the toxic chemicals entering the Sound are from stormwater runoff.","Collias, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007","Hypoxic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[702,"West Point","US-Washington",47.663703,-122.429236,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"West Point, the northern extent of Elliott Bay, showed signs of hypoxia in the 1990s. One source of pollution is the King County Sewage Plant that lies just east of the bay. The King County Sewage Plant has recently been responsible for a series of sewage spills (a 2008 spill which discharged 6.4 million gallons of untreated sewage, and a 2009 spill which discharged 8.7 million gallons of untreated sewage) that have contributed to poor water quality in the bay. ","Washington State, 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[704,"Willapa River","US-Washington",46.686,-123.75,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"The Willapa River estuary drains to the Pacific ocean, north of the Columbia River on the Washington coast. The Willapa River became hypoxic in the 1990s and is characterized by remarkably cold, low-oxygen bottom water. The water is getting colder earlier in the year, continually increasing the likelihood of hypoxia as the upwelling season continues. The bay is abundant with shellfish including oysters, intertidal hardshell clams and crabs, and razor clams. Salmon, steelhead, sturgeon, sea run cutthroat, herring and bottom fish are found within the estuary as well. There was a significant fish kill in 1979, killing numerous sturgeon. ","Collias, 1985; Washington State, 2002","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[705,"Morrocoy National Park","Venezuela",10.823,-68.269,1990,"Episodic",null,null,"In the Morrocoy National Park, changing climate patterns and nutrient overload have lead to algal blooms. Eutrophication led to hypoxia and has also contributed to the decline in coral cover which has fallen from 43 percent to 5 percent. ","Laboy-Nieves et al. 2001; Isaza et al. 2006","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[706,"Orinoco River Delta","Venezuela",9.2054,-60.9146,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Orinoco River is one of the longest rivers in South America. Its drainage basin covers parts of Colombia and Venezuela. At its mouth, the Orinoco forms a wide delta that branches off into hundreds of rivers and waterways that flow through 41,000 square kilometers of swampy forests before emptying into the Gulf of Paría and the Atlantic Ocean. Industrial discharge is a major source of nutrient pollution and has resulted in eutrophic conditions in the Delta. Phytoplankton blooms have been observed and coral reefs in the area have been negatively impacted.","Isaza et al. 2006","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[707,"River Wye","UK-Wales",51.620051,-2.658211,1970,"Episodic",null,null,"The River Wye is renowned for its scenic beauty and recreational importance. It is also important to anglers who prize the river for salmon fishing. The river flows through parts of England and Wales before discharging into the lower part of the Severn Estuary/upper part of the Bristol Channel. This region is facing a combination of high temperature and low oxygen, decomposition of aquatic weeds, and increased biological oxygen demand. Episodic hypoxic events have resulted in salmon mortalities.","Brooker et al. 1977","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[708,"Krka Estuary","Croatia",43.7193,15.8487,1960,"Episodic",null,null,"The Krka estuary is at the mouth of the Krka River that flows through Croatia. Low oxygen was first reported in the Krka estuary in 1969, and the area now experiences episodic hypoxia, resulting in fish mortality as well as mass mortality at the sea bottom.","Legovic et al. 1991","Hypoxic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[709,"Haifa Bay/Kishon Estuary","Israel",32.82265,35.022753,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Haifa Bay receives riverine inputs from the Kishon Estuary. The Kishon river is heavily polluted with urban and municipal wastes. High nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the bay are thought to contribute to phytoplankton blooms and red tides in Haifa Bay.","Gitelson et al. 1996","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[710,"Izmir Bay","Turkey",38.4529,27.1461,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Izmir Bay lies on Turkey's Mediterranean coast near the city of Izmir. The inner bay is heavily polluted by nutrients and organic material. Nutrient inputs originate from riverine inputs from Gediz River and direct sewage discharges to the bay. The Gediz River itself receives nutrient runoff from agriculture, sewage, and industrial sources. Eutrophication of the inner bay is a serious problem throughout the year, and red tide events are frequent. ","Kontas, 2003","Eutrophic"," http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V7X-4GHRC38-1&_user=1119173&_coverDate=01percent2F31percent2F2006&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1322120810&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000051708&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1119173&md5=dbb990bf6fe4b83bbccf76d1badb11fc",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[712,"Wexford Harbor","Ireland",52.340546,-6.457581,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The main Wexford Harbor area has joined south Wexford Harbor as a eutrophic water body in a 2002-2006 assessment. It experiences elevated nitrogen levels, likely coming from the Slaney Estuary, and there is excessive phytoplankton activity.","Clabby et al. 2008","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[715,"Lake Maracaibo","Venezuela",10.0965,-71.5967,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Lake Maracaibo is the largest lake in South America with a surface area of 12,000 square kilometers (1,200,000 ha) and containing approximately 245 billion cubic meters of water. The lake plays a crucial role in the region's economy, being an important source of food and livelihood for many inhabitants of the area. Additionally, its economic importance is highlighted due to its connection to the adjacent Caribbean Sea and associated shipping routes. The lake is fed by over 30 rivers/streams, with the Catatumbo River accounting for approx. 70 percent of the total freshwater input. Nutrient enrichment in the lake derives from multiple sources including agricultural and human wastes within the catchment of the Catatumbo River (from Venezuela and Colombia) as well as small population settlements surrounding the lake. In addition, the city of Maracaibo contributes with urban runoff and directly discharges sewage at the northern end of the lake while Industrial activity also includes chemical refineries, tanneries, slaughterhouses, coal mines, etc, which often dump discharges into the river/lake. A harmful algal bloom (HAB) (lemna family) was observed in the lake during 2004, covering a large portion of the lake. Reportedly, there was a possibility of more HABs and hypoxic conditions occurring if enrichment trends continued. The government spend 2 million dollars per month trying to alleviate the problem. Also, an on-going research project on the Lemna problem was established.  While the system is classified as eutrophic, potential for hypoxia to develop is high. ","Medina et al. 2002; Kiage and Walker, 2009","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[740,"Lake Macquarie","Australia",-33.092319,151.572256,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Lake Macquarie is Australia's largest coastal salt water lake, covering an area of 110 square kilometers (42.5 sq mi) in the Hunter Region of New South Wales with most of the City of Lake Macquarie's residents living near its shores. It is connected to the Tasman Sea by a short channel. In 1983, an environmental audit of Lake Macquarie identified sediment and nutrient enrichment (eutrophication) as the primary causes of water quality impairment in the lake. Accelerated sedimentation levels were estimated at 75,000 tones (73,815 long tons) per annum and nutrient levels had shown a substantial increase as a result of urbanization.  In 2000, officials drafted the Lake Macquarie Action Plan which established clean-up goals for the lake, with an emphasis on managing stormwater. By 2006 the lake had already shown vast improvements with reduced nutrient loads and healthy dissolved oxygen levels. Fish stocks have also begun to recover as a result of improving water quality and the removal of commercial fishing.","Australian Water et al, 1995 ","improved",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[741,"Kuwait Bay","Kuwait ",29.3959,47.9344,1990,"Episodic",null,"Fish-kill events have affected fisheries resources in the bay.","Kuwait Bay is located in the northwest region of the Arabian Gulf. The system consist of a semi-enclosed embayment characterized by its shallowness and extreme environmental conditions. The bay supports a thriving fishing industry and an aquaculture facility. The system is subject to strong anthropogenic influence. Point sources include sewage wastewater from Kuwait City (Al Kuwait), industrial outfalls, and inputs from desalination and power plant complexes located in the city. Additionally, a large post-war drainage channel was constructed draining the southwest Al-Ahwar wetland in the Iraq-Kuwait border channeling nutrient inputs into the bay. Oil-related pollution events are also common in the bay. The aquaculture facility is also regarded as a source of pollution. A number harmful algal blooms and fish-kill events have taken place in the bay during the last decade, attributed to human-induced stress including eutrophication and other forms of pollution. Major fish-kill events were recorded in 1999 and 2001. The reason behind fish-kill events has been hypothesized to be a conjunction of natural stress along eutrophic conditions (and harmful algal blooms) and other forms of pollution. ","Heil et al. 2001; Glibert et al. 2002","Eutrophic","Yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTx8Z73b2t8","dTx8Z73b2t8"]
[743,"Laucala Bay","Fiji",-18.141258,178.493108,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Laucala Bay is located between Fiji's capital Suva and the River Dewa delta. Reports indicate an increase in nutrient concentration in the system during 1981-1998 (particularly phosphorus). Nitrogen and phosphorus levels recorded in 2003 were high enough to classify the system as eutrophic. The high concentration of P was in part attributed to the discharge of partially treated sewage from the Kinoya sewage treatment plant. The sewage plant was then subject to improvements. Subsequent studies between the years 2003-2005 indicated that the system was still under nutrient stress, with two to ten times the levels of nutrients than the unpolluted sites in Fiji. Additionally, primary productivity was reported to be nitrogen limited, and no major changes were observed in nutrient concentrations between the period of the investigation. The latter suggesting that the sewage plant effluent only accounts for a minor proportion of nutrients and future mitigation measures should take into consideration other major point sources and nonpoint sources. There are several other forms of pollution in the system including frequent oil slicks, litter, heavy metals (e.g. cadmium), and bacterial (fecal) contamination (e.g. e. coli). ","Asian Development Bank (ADB), 2003; Singh & Aalbersberg, 2009","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[756,"Southeastern Adriatic","Albania/Montenegro",41.567378,19.389356,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The southeastern Adriatic strip is strongly influenced by the nutrient inputs of the Buna (Ada Bojana) River Delta. In addition, several other smaller rivers contribute to freshwater inputs into the area (e.g. Drini, Mati, Ishimi, Erzeni, Samani, etc). The Buna river plume contains high nutrient concentrations (e.g. dissolved inorganic nitrogen), which are even higher than those of the Po River Delta in the highly eutrophic Northwestern Adriatic. Chlorophyll-a concentrations are also elevated and have been reported to be similar to the Northern Adriatic. Elevated chlorophyll concentrations extend northward for more than 150 km along the coast of Albania and Montenegro in the eastern Adriatic. The eutrophic condition of the area has been attributed to a combination of anthropogenic and natural freshwater inputs into the coast.  ","Marini et al. 2010","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[757,"Abu Qir Bay","Egypt ",31.375653,30.195225,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Abu Qir Bay is a shallow, semi-circular inlet located on the Mediterranean coast between the village of Abu Qir and the Rosetta branch of the Nile outlet, about 15 miles northeast of Alexandria. It suffers from pollution from a variety of sources, including the El-Tabia Pumping Station, the Idku Lake outlet bringing water from agricultural drains and wastewater from textile mills, and the Rosetta mouth of the Nile River. The amount of untreated sewage and industrial waste entering the bay totals about 2 million cubic meters per day. The eastern part of the Bay is an industrial area, receiving industrial and domestic sewage discharge as well as hazardous effluents.","UNEP/MAP 2007; Zakaria 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[758,"El Mex","Egypt ",31.152606,29.837325,2000,{"$nulls":3},"El Mex is a bay located in the western Alexandria area. It is heavily polluted with industrial wastes, domestic waste, and agricultural effluent. The bay receives water from the also heavily polluted Lake Maryut. Species numbers and diversity have fallen. Dissolved oxygen varies widely seasonally, with low levels occurring in the summer.","Nessim et al. 2005; UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[759,"Port Said","Egypt ",31.264967,32.323197,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Port Said, Egypt, is located at the mouth of the Suez Canal. Sewage discharged into Lake Manzala west of Port Said is a major source of pollution. It is transported along the resort beaches in the currents that flow east. The National Action Plan of Egypt is calling for construction of a sewer network and new wastewater treatment plants in order to reduce nutrient pollution.","UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[760,"Mar Menor","Spain",37.718592,-0.797361,2000,null,"Since the 1980s the benthic layer has been dominated by a high biomass of the macroalgae Caulerpa prolifera restricting seaweed (Cymodocea nodosa) to small shallow patches. The existence of a benthic control system has been associated with the high benthic biomass and relative low proportion of phytoplankton and oligotrophy of the pelagic zone.",null,"Mar Menor is the largest coastal lagoon of the Western Mediterranean with a high ecological value in addition to considerable touristic and fishing potential. The lagoon is located in a semiarid region and is characterized by hyperhaline conditions (resulting from low precipitation and high evaporation rates). The system is threatened by urban and touristic development on its shores and associated nutrient inputs. Similarly, industrial activity in the San Pedro salt marsh and intensive agriculture in the Campo de Cartagena are a threat to the nutrient balance of the system. Fishing activity is limited with recent reductions. Phosphate and nitrate levels have been reported to be moderate and not generally characteristic of eutrophic conditions. However, heavy rainfall events and associated catchment flashiness have been known to increase nutrient levels into the eutrophic range. The lagoon is fed (mostly after rainfall events) by a series of ephemeral watercourses (wadis) and (permanently) by the Albujon Wadi  draining a surface of 442 square kilometers. ","Lloret et al. 2008; Ruiz M and Velasco J, 2010; ","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[761,"L’Étang de l’ Or","France",43.57705,4.027747,1980,{"$nulls":3},"L' Étang de l' Or (Or Lagoon) watershed is home to 125,000 people and expands to 250,000 people during the summer tourist season. Thirteen percent of the basin is urbanized, and the majority is agricultural. The region produces vineyards, cereals, and fruits. Eutrophication has been a serious problem for the past 25 years. Polychaetes, a type of annelid worm who depend upon eutrophic conditions to thrive and often serves as an indicator of stress has been observed in significant quantities in the lagoon.","UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[762,"Saronikos Gulf","Greece",37.808161,23.518647,1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Saronikos Gulf in the Aegean Sea has suffered from the discharge of untreated sewage from the city of Athens, Greece for more than three decades. The sewage from these three million inhabitants is discharged into Keratsini Bay within the Gulf. Eutrophication at this outfall has been documented since the 1980s. Industrial effluents from Elefsis Bay, also within the Gulf, contribute to eutrophication as well. ","Friligos, 1985; UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[763,"Thermaikos Gulf ","Greece",40.185108,22.894486,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Thermaikos Gulf is considered to be one of the most polluted coastal zones in Greece. It receives urban and industrial waste from the city of Thessaloniki, agricultural runoff from the drainage basin via the Axios, Aliakmon, and Loudias Rivers. Sewage discharge has been the most serious problem facing the Inner Thermaikos Gulf, followed by agricultural runoff rich with nutrients, however biological treatment at a sewage treatment plant built in 2000 has reduced its nitrogen and phosphorus loads by 90 percent and 50 percent, respectively.","Nikolaidis et al. 2006; UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[764,"Chilika Lagoon","India",19.737222,85.299722,2000,null,null,"Fisheries resources in the lagoon have been reported to be decreasing","Chilika Lagoon is the largest brackish lagoon in Asia. Hydrological inputs into the systems include drainage from the catchment basin on the southern and western margins, water discharges from the Mahanadi River, and exchange with the outlying Bengal Bay. Current threats to the system include decreasing salinity levels, increasing siltation, expanding macrophytic assemblages, eutrophication and biodiversity loss. Anthropogenic activities affecting the lagoon include agricultural practices and associated runoff as well as riverine inputs containing derivatives of industrial processes and aquaculture. Human influence and stress were reported to have a spatial distribution being more pronounced on the northern section in comparison to the southern sections of the lagoon. Similarly, nutrient levels also show temporal variability being affected by climatic conditions throughout the year. ","Jayaraman et al. 2005; Panigrahi et al. 2007","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[765,"Cochin Backwaters","India",9.978947,76.266489,1980,null,"Macrobenthos reduced and presence of opportunistic species (polychaetes) has been reported","Fish-kill events have been reported within the estuary","Vembanab Lake is a micro-tidal estuary receiving freshwater inputs from six different rivers. It is one of the largest wetlands along the west coast of India (256 square kilometers). The estuary was known for its rich biodiversity which has been negatively impacted and reduced by industrialization and urban encroachment. The system is considered to be under considerable stress (eutrophic) attributed to anthropogenic influence and to the physical characteristics of the estuary. Since the mid 1970s, anthropogenic activity has increased considerably in the area generating massive amounts of industrial and domestic wastes per day which are directly release without treatment into the system. The concentration of nutrients and chlorophyll-a has been found to be high in comparison to other eutrophic estuaries such as the Hudson Bay, San Francisco Bay, Pearl estuary, etc. Concentration of nutrients and chlorophyll-a varies spatially across the estuary with higher concentrations observed in areas characterized by restricted flushing. The complex morphology of the estuary is also considered to exacerbate the eutrophic conditions. Similarly, engineering modifications in parts of the estuary lead to restricted flushing. Biodiversity of plankton and macrobenthos has also significantly declined with opportunistic species found in stressed areas. Sediments have been found to be highly organically enriched, in part associated with reduced grazing and subsequent settlement of phytoplankton at the bottom of the estuary. Fish-kill events, related to the elevated organic pollution in the system, have also been reported in multiple occasions. Eutrophic conditions and manifestations are likely to intensify in the future in view of projected developments in the area. ","Martin et al. 2009","Eutrophic ",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[766,"Mumbai-Jawaharlal Nehru ports","India",18.935,72.807222,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Mumbai-Jawaharlal Nehru ports form part of the coastal area of the city of Mumbai. The city and surrounding areas have experienced massive population and industrial growth since the 1960s. This has led to considerable stress on the regional marine environment. Industrial and domestic sewage are considered to be the major source of nutrient into the system. A comparison of monitoring studies from the 1960s and 2001-2003 found increasing levels of nitrates along decreasing levels of dissolved oxygen suggesting eutrophic conditions. Low water renewal time within the bay is also considered to exacerbate existing stress. In non-monsoon periods, high temperatures, reduced freshwater inputs and high salinity are considered to affect dissolved oxygen levels on the system. An assessment of the water quality of the area taking into consideration several factors beyond water quality parameters indicates that the conditions are poor and possibly hypoxic. ","Sawant et al. 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[767,"Uppanar Estuary","India",11.706456,79.779892,2000,null,"Macrobenthic community dominated by species indicative of stressed conditions (some oligochaete spp.)",null,"The Uppanar estuary is located at Cuddalore being a fishing ground of great potential with annual average landings of about 2,000 tons. The SIPCOT (State Industrial promotion Corporation of Taminadu Limited) industrial complex consisting of several chemical and pharmaceutical industries discharge untreated effluent into the estuary. Similarly, untreated municipal and domestic sewage from Cuddalore old town and coconut husk retting residues are discharged into the estuary. Surveys have reported high levels of nutrients including phosphorus, nitrites, ammonia, associated with domestic sewage and industrial effluents. Nutrient concentrations are high while recorded dissolved oxygen (DO) values are low and close to hypoxia (4.2 mg/l); nutrient levels have been reported to be dependent on precipitation and ensuing runoff while low DO levels may result from high organic loading and increased consumption by aquatic biota. pH values are also considerably low. The nutrient concentration is considerably higher than nearby water bodies (e.g. Vellar estuary, Parangipettai coastal zone). DO and pH values are lower than adjacent coastal systems. Heavy metal pollution has also been reported to be high in the area and could be related to fish-kill events and diseases in the local fisherman community. ","Ramesh et al. 2008; Sundaramanickam et al. 2008","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[768,"Shatt Al-Arab Estuary","Iraq",29.808303,48.611714,1970,null,"Surveys indicate meiofauna is composed only by a few individuals",null,"The Shatt Al-Arab (or Tigris-Euphrates) river is formed by the confluence of the Tigris and the Euphrates eventually forming the Shatt Al-Arab estuary. The estuary opens at the Persian Gulf and receives most of its freshwater input from three major rivers (Tigris, Euphrates, and Karun) in addition to a number of smaller streams connecting with the main rivers. The estuary receives untreated sewage and industrial wastes (e.g. paper mill derivatives) directly and indirectly from a number of sources including the urban areas of Basrah and Quran. In Basrah, a number of lateral channels communicate with Shatt Al-Arab River. These channels have been reported to be highly eutrophic with sewage discharfe and agricultural runoff responsible for the formation of sludge beds.  Additionally, agricultural runoff (fertilizers and pesticides) from areas drained by the rivers ultimately reaches the estuary. The concentration of nutrients (phosphates, nitrate, and nitrite) in the estuary is elevated; very high concentrations of phosphates have been recorded in the past. Discharges from ships and small vessels also contribute to stress in the estuary. Oil pollution is considered to be one of the main problems affecting water quality in the river and estuary. ","Al-Asadi et al. 2006; Saad, 2007","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[769,"Augusta Bay","Italy",37.201475,15.209103,1980,null,"Benthic foraminifera community affected.",null," Augusta Bay (Rada di Augusta Lagoon) is located between Capo Santa Croce and Punta Magnisi in the northern coast of Sicily. The town of Augusta is located at its northern margin. The bay has limited connection to the neighboring sea resulting from engineering works in the 1960s, involving the construction of artificial dams in the south and east of the bay. Currently, only two inlets allow communication of the bay with the sea. The system is influenced by the outflows of the streams Mulinello, Marcelino and Cantera. The bay is one of the most important commercial harbours of Italy and industrial activity is prominent involving ship repair/maintenance, cargo trade, in addition to being home to one of the most important petrochemical centers worldwide. High concentrations of phosphorous and nitrogen have been recorded in the bay and are mainly attributed to the discharge of untreated or partially treated urban and agricultural wastes. Additionally, industrial production of fertilizers is a source of nutrients in the bay. The bay is considered to be under significant stress from urban and heavy industrial pressure. Although certainly experiencing eutrophic conditions, there has been no indication of hypoxia occurring in the water column or water-sediment interface. Here, one of the main issues leading to eutrophic conditions is considered to be the limited exchange of water with the adjacent sea. The confinement of the bay from the sea leads to long water renewal time which in turn leads to limited flushing of nutrients and stress.  Moreover, marine sediments within the bay have been reported to be polluted by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Research using benthic foraminifera indicated deteriorated conditions at the benthic zone, but highlighted the difficulties in identifying the factor(s) responsible for such deterioration given the several stressors present in the system.  ","Romano et al. 2009","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[770,"Emilia-Romagna Coast","Italy - Adriatic",44.413706,12.315094,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Emilia-Romagna Coast lies south of the Po River Delta and is heavily influenced by nutrient deriving from the delta leading to coastal eutrophication. A number of locations in the coast have been subject to monitoring and often indicate stressed conditions. Some of these include (from north to south): Porto Garibaldi, Lido Adriano, and Cesnatico.  Application of the Trophic Index (TRIX) classifies Porto Garibaldi as having moderate/poor water quality while classification by Italian authorities gives it a poor class. Conditions at Cesnatico have also been reported to be moderate according to TRIX and Italian standards. Mean annual TRIX values of 5.5-6 have been reported in the area for several years reflecting eutrophic conditions. Water transparency has been reported to be low and nutrient content high when compared to other Italian coastal systems (e.g. Tyrrhenian Sea). Nutrient mitigation measures taken by the local government in the last 10 years were reported to be inefficient in reducing nutrient inputs from the Po River and subsequent impacts on Emilia-Romagna coastal waters (as of 2002). As expected, surveys at different stations along the coast indicate descending TRIX values as stations are located farther away from the delta (i.e. to the south).","Arpa, 2005; Pettine et al. 2007; UNEP/MAP, 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[771,"Foglia Estuary","Italy - Adriatic",43.933786,12.92675,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Foglia estuary is located in the Central Adriatic along the Pesaro coastline and receives a significant nutrient load from the river Foglia and the Po River Delta in the northern Adriatic. Additionally, Shellfish farms are located close to the estuary mouth and may contribute to the nutrient load. Monitoring at different stations located close to the estuary found mean annual chlorophyll-a values typical of eutrophic conditions (> 4.0 mg l).  Similarly, high concentrations of nitrogen (particularly nitrate) were observed annually. Harmful algal blooms have also been reported in the area and toxic contamination of mussels (by DSP and YTX compounds) has been reported, but only during summer months.  High bacterial density which can be indicative of coastal eutrophication was observed in the Foglia estuary. Also, heavy metal (Pb, Ni, As) pollution and resulting impacts on benthic meiofauna may be an issue here.  ","Barbieri et al. 1999; UNEP/MAP 2007; Semprucci et al. 2010","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[772,"Duino-Baia di Panzano","Italy",45.787042,13.540611,1990,"Unknown",null,null,"Duino-Baia di Panzano (Panzano Bay)  is located in the Gulf of Trieste in the NE Adriatic. The bay is heavily influenced by several rivers carrying nutrient-laden water and wastes into the system. Aquaculture activity and pollution from the adjacent Monfalcone Bay also contribute to the nutrient load of the bay. Chlorophyll-a, turbidity and primary productivity have been reported to be high; particularly in the inshore area. Hypoxic conditions have been recorded in the bottom layer of the bay. An UNEP report (1999) classified the area as level “5” in its index of Mediterranean pollution hotspots.  Accordingly, oxygen content is severely reduced (< 1 mg/l) indicating hypoxic conditions. Eutrophication in this system also has implications for human health and recreation activities. In addition, hydrocarbons, heavy metals (> 30 mg/l), and bacterial concentrations are elevated. ","Cescon et al. 1998; UNEP/MAP 1999; 2007","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[773,"Lagoon of Marano (Porto Nogaro) ","Italy",45.724681,13.1574,1990,null,"Benthic community negatively affected by high organic load, other pollutants, and fishing activities in the lagoon.",null,"The Lagoon of Marano (surface area = 160 square kilometers) is located opposite to the Gulf of Trieste (NE Adriatic) and is separated from the Mediterranean by a long island bar communicating with the sea through three inlets. The lagoon is of national and international importance being part of a wetland systems extending in the northern Adriatic and it is a Ramsar protected site. The lagoon receives discharges from the rivers Isonzo and Tagliamento. The system is subject to strong anthropogenic influence from urban, agricultural, and heavy industrial activity (e.g. Porto Nogaro) within its drainage basin area (1883 square kilometers) and is significantly polluted and eutrophic. Benthic sediments are known to contain high amounts of organic and metal compounds. The latter tend to bio-accumulate having a detrimental effect on the benthic community and possibly onto higher trophic levels. Inappropriate fishing techniques (e.g. mechanical dredging) disturb and resuspend sediments and contaminants (e.g. sediment-bound nutrients) through the water column. The lagoon also supports an important aquaculture industry with a number of fish rearing ponds (n = 18) occupying an area of approx. 380 ha which may contribute to the organic load of the system. Mussels farming may be affected by  the stress characterizing the system. ","UNEP/MAP 2007; Ianni, 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[774,"Foce del Sarno","Italy",40.728267,14.467467,1970,null,"Submerged aquatic vegetation (Posidiona Oceanica) which used to be prevalent in the area has completely disappeared in areas close to the river estuary. ",null,"The Sarno River mouth is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea between Torre Annunziata and Castellammare di Stabia, just southwest of Naples. The Sarno is the heaviest polluted river in Italy subject to heavy agricultural, domestic, and industrial discharges. Much of the coastal zone of the basin and inland areas is heavily urbanized and industrialized. Anthropogenic activity within the basin is responsible for the introduction of high amounts of chemical (e.g. heavy metals), organic, and microbial pollutants into the river which is eventually carried onto the estuary. In the coastal zone, oxygen conditions have been reported to be low and seawater is highly turbid reflecting the stress in the system. Conditions have been known to affect natural patterns of the regional ichthyofauna, with unfavorable conditions for migratory species of eels and mullet. Extensive meadows of seagrass (Posidonia Oceanica) which were formerly widespread have disappeared. Degradation of water quality in areas adjacent to the mouth is severe and the area is considered to be unfit for recreational activities. Here, high bacterial concentrations have been responsible for the continuous spread of oral-faecal diseases (e.g. typhus, salmonellosis, hepatitis) in the region. Eutrophication was first observed here in the 1970s, and was possibly an issue before then. While this system is classified here as eutrophic, it is likely that it has or experiences hypoxia.","De Pippo et al. 2006; UNEP/MAP 2007 ","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[775,"Fiume Morto","Italy",43.735981,10.267811,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Fiume Morto is a distributary of the Arno River emptying into the Ligurian Sea. The Arno River runs through Pisa and Firenze carrying urban wastewater into the coast. Additionally, nutrients from agricultural activities within the basin are discharged into the river and eventually transported to the coast. According to Italian authorities, the area surrounding Fiume Morto mouth is experiencing eutrophic conditions. ","UNEP/MAP, 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[776,"Antelias","Lebanon",33.917042,35.578136,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Antelias river flows through the town of Antelias and is located approximately 5 km north of Beirut, Lebanon.  The area is highly urbanized. The Antelias river has elevated phosphorus, nitrate and fecal coliform loadings as a result of industrial and sewage discharges. The Antelias river is one of Lebanon's most polluted rivers according to a 2007 survey of water quality in Lebanon. Eutrophication has been observed here since the 1990s. Water quality is expected to improve as Lebanon begins to implement its plan to build a total of 100 wastewater treatment plants by 2020 which will serve 80 percent of the population. ","Houri and El Jeblawi, 2007; UNEP/MAP, 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[777,"Ramlet el Baida","Lebanon",33.879153,35.476003,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Ramlet el Baida is a sandy beach located on the Mediterranean coast in the city of Beirut, Lebanon. The nearshore waters suffer from eutrophication as a result of urban runoff and municipal discharges to nearby waters. Water quality is expected to improve as Lebanon begins to implement its plan to build a total of 100 wastewater treatment plants by 2020 which will serve 80 percent of the population. ","UNEP/MAP, 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[778,"Sidon (Saida)","Lebanon",33.563206,35.365403,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Sidon is the third largest city in Lebanon; it is located 25 miles south of Beirut on the Mediterranean coast. Immediately north of the city of Sidon is the mouth of the Awali river; The Awali river delivers the highest level of pollution to coastal waters of any Lebanese river, mainly as a function of its high flow. Near it's mouth, the Awali receives discharge from power generating facilities that serve to increase its flow. The coastal waters of Sidon have been listed as eutrophic in the UNEP assessment of eutrophication in the Mediterranean. ","Houri and El Jeblawi, 2007; UNEP/MAP, 2007","eutrophic","(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WDS-4JS1N0N-1-K&_cdi=6774&_user=5348416&_pii=S0013935106000569&_origin=search&_coverDate=10percent2F31percent2F2006&_sk=998979997&view=c&wchp=dGLzVtz-zSkWb&md5=61caf6f",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[780,"Port Klang","Malaysia",{"v":3.005775,"d":"3.01"},101.348089,2000,"Seasonal",null,null,"Port Klang is a multipurpose harbor strategically located halfway of the Malacca Strait in Malaysia. The water quality of the system is considered to be poor and eutrophic attributed to anthropogenic activities. The latter includes land clearing and associated catchment flashiness, mining, agricultural and forest industries, and dredging operations. The region is rapidly developing. Poor water quality is characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentrations and high amounts of total suspended solids (mainly inorganic). Overall long-term monitoring data indicates the systems is increasingly deteriorating. Hypoxia and near-anoxic conditions have been observed.","Lee and Bong, 2006","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[781,"Cumnija Outfall","Malta",35.968106,14.335831,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Cumnija is located northwest of Malta Island. The area is subject to raw sewage discharges from domestic/industrial sources on the shoreline and has been considered a water pollution “hotspot” in Malta. Recording of different water quality parameters in the area indicate highly stressed and eutrophic conditions by Maltese standards. Here, water transparency was reduced significantly from normal values. Chlorophyll-a levels are considerably high indicating poor conditions. Nitrate and phosphates values are elevated and have increased by a factor of 300 and 400 above normal values respectively. Dissolved oxygen levels were found to be among the lowest across the Maltese archipelago, but still not close to hypoxia (63.9 percent saturation). A water pollution index using different water quality parameters indicates the area is experiencing significant pollution.","Malta Environment Report 2003; UNEP/MAP, 2007","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[782,"Mazatlan Bay","Mexico",23.219119,-106.431444,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Mazatlan Bay is a subtropical embayment located in the Gulf of California (south-east). The natural nutrient loading of the bay is altered through untreated sewage and primary treated sewage discharges from the south portion of the city and the port. By the year 2000, Mazatlan City had a population of 380±450.000 (depending on the season) considered to generate 1700 l s of raw sewage. Although no continuous measurements are available, an increase in the population during the last 20 years is considered to be reflected in an increased nutrient load within the bay. Measurements of nutrient levels and subsequent comparison with trophic indexes have indicated that the bay is predominantly eutrophic. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) (red tides) are a natural feature in the Gulf of California resulting from upwelling processes. However, during the last decade, the frequency of HABs has increased significantly with several cases of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) through consumption of bivalve mollusks. Currently, red tides in the bay are considered to be the result of both upwelling and cultural eutrophication.  ","Rodriguez et al. 2000","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[783,"Progreso (and Sisal)","Mexico",21.318353,-89.714325,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Progreso and Sisal are coastal towns in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. Progreso has approximately 50,000 residents and a similar tourist occupation during summer months. The town is home to an important port in the region which extends 6 km into the sea due to the shallowness of the littoral zone. A recent water quality assessment of the coastal zone reports deteriorating and eutrophic conditions. Domestic sewage seepage is considered to be the main source of nutrients in the coast which is considerably higher during summer months. The latter is associated with higher tourist occupancy during that period. In addition, modifications to local hydrodynamic patterns attributed to the extensive harbor lead to poor water flushing and exacerbate stress. The phytoplankton community is governed by dinoflagellates and harmful algal blooms have been reported in the area (e.g. Pyrodinium spp.).  Seagrass assemblages have a low cover and are being replaced by macroalgae as a result of eutrophic conditions. There is currently no seagrass cover in the first kilometer offshore. Hypoxic conditions (<2 mg/l) have been reported in the hypolimniom.  There is currently no wastewater treatment plant in Progreso or adjacent areas while population and industrial activities are expected to increase in the near future. Sisal is a small town of less than 5000 residents where an extensive aquaculture complex of 480 ha is present and continues to grow while there is no wastewater treatment in the area. Here, shrimp-farm effluents have been reported to increase the nutrient loading of the coastal zone causing eutrophication. High concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, silicates, phosphates, and chlorophyll-a have been recorded next to the shrimp-farm and harbour effluents. Shrimp-ponds are fertilized with nitrate and silicates also inducing eutrophication. Similar to Progreso, seagrass assemblages have a low cover and are being replaced by macroalgae as a result of eutrophic conditions. Hypoxic conditions (<2 mg/l) have also been reported in the hypolimniom.","Herrera-Silveira et al. 2004; Herrera-Silveira and Morales Ojeda, 2009","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[784,"Nador Lagoon","Morocco",35.163678,-2.850972,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Nador lagoon is the second lagoon complex of\nnorthern Africa (115 square kilometers); it is located on Morocco's Mediterranean coast. It comprises a broad area bounded to the northwest by the Beni Ensar city, to the southeast by the village of Kariat Arekmane, and to the southwest by the northern extremity of the Bou Areg plain. The lagoon receives freshwater inputs from two aquifers as well as 10 small periodic streams. The most important of these is Selouane stream which discharges industrial and municipal wastes from Selouane village to the lagoon.  Other discharges to the lagoon include direct discharge of municipal waste from the Nador sewage treatment plant, industrial sewage, slaughterhouse residues, and agricultural runoff from irrigation canals. These inputs have led to eutrophication of the lagoon. However, due to adequate tidal flushing, dissolved oxygen levels are generally good and there is only a moderate hypoxic condition near the treatment station of Nador.","Ruiz et al. 2006; UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic","see also Ruiz et al. 2006 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WDS-4JS1N0N-1-K&_cdi=6774&_user=5348416&_pii=S0013935106000569&_origin=search&_coverDate=10percent2F31percent2F2006&_sk=998979997&view=c&wchp=dGLzVtz-zSkWb&md5=61caf6f4c5a95fe314623b957486ca7c&ie=/sdarticle.pdf)",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[785,"Avon-Heathcote/Ihutai Estuary","New Zealand",-43.548992,172.727139,1970,null,"Benthic fauna negatively impacted by decomposing macroalgae mats",null,"The Avon-Heathcote Estuary receives nutrient –laden stormwater discharge from the  Avon/Ötakaro and Heathcote/Opawaho Rivers running through urbanized parts of Christchurch city. Most of the nutrient inputs into the estuary are discharged daily from adjacent oxidation ponds. The estuary is considered to be very eutrophic with nutrient levels exceeding national water guidelines and its waters declared unsuitable for recreational purposes in the past. There is also indication that ammonium-nitrogen levels may be high enough in some parts of the estuary to be toxic for certain aquatic species at times.  Nutrient pollution in the system has been reported to have somewhat improved. Before the 1970s, blooms of Ulva spp. and other algae were common, but thanks to the release of pond effluents with the outgoing tide, most nutrients are taken out of the estuary reducing macroalgal growth. Additionally, an offshore ocean pipeline removes more than 90 percent of nutrients and other pollutants from the estuary. Shellfish has been reported to have settled in areas where they had previously disappeared while cockle beds also seem to be better established in comparison with 50 years ago. Nevertheless, nuisance algal blooms are still reported, creating algal mats in the shoreline which cause sediments to become anoxic impacting benthic fauna. Discharges into the estuary also lead to the proliferation of heavy metals, sediments and pathogens. ","Murphy 2006; Environment Caterbury 2007; Marsden and Adkins, 2010","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[786,"Jacobs River Estuary","New Zealand",-46.343269,168.000883,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Jacobs River Estuary is a tidal lagoon (area 725 ha) located in the South Island (NZ) receiving inflows from the Pourakino and Aparima Rivers, which drain an agricultural catchment and are the primary source of nutrients. Recent surveys found that the estuary is subject to high nitrogen inputs and under eutrophic conditions. The estimated nitrogen inputs into the estuary are in the order of 200-250 mg.m2.day (as estuary areal load) which is above the 50.mg.m2.day upper limit suggested for healthy (non-eutrophic) temperate tidal lagoons. Reportedly, there has been a substantial increase in the amount of nuisance macroalgae in the estuary. During 2009, decomposing macroalgal mats and hypoxic sulphide-rich sediments were present in many parts of the estuary.  Macroalgae was found to be at a higher density in sheltered embayments characterized by restricted water flushing. Water clarity tends to be low while faecal coliform levels are elevated. Stress is may be exacerbated from landuse intensification, elimination/grazing of riparian vegetation and associated reduction of buffer capacities. ","Stevens and Robertson, 2008; 2009","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[787,"Lake Ellesmere","New Zealand",-43.780306,172.449297,1970,null,"Characterized by poor species diversity","Declining stock of commercial fisheries has been reported","Lake Ellesmere is a large coastal lake located in the coastal margin of the Canterbury Plains (30 km of Christchurch). The lake is fed by the Irwell, Halswell, Harts Creek and Selwyn rivers. Connection to the sea is intermittent and human regulated. Nutrient inputs into the lake consist of runoff from a predominantly agricultural catchment as well as wastes from several town sewerage systems. The lake has been described as hypereutrophic resulting from the long intensive farming within the catchment and high inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus. In the past, the lake was described as a macrophyte-dominated clear water system. However, a severe storm in the 60s eliminated the macrophyte cover and since then the lake has shifted to a turbid phytoplankton dominated system. Due to the shallowness of the lake and efficiency of mixing (by wind) in the water column, the lake is considered to be free from massive phytoplankton blooms and hypoxic conditions. Commercial fish stocks in the lake have been reported to have declined (e.g. eels). The benthic community has been reported to be poor and characteristic of stressed systems with a very limited number of species present. ","Kelly and Jellyman, 2006; Woods, 2008","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[788,"Waituna Lagoon","New Zealand",-46.565986,168.585731,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Waituna is a large coastal lagoon with intermittent communication with the sea. It is fed by a number of streams including Currans Creek, Waituna Creek and Moffats Creek. The lagoon has been designated as a RAMSAR site and it is valued for its biodiversity having a unique submerged aquatic plant community (Ruppia-dominated), international important birdlife, and areas with unmodified wetland and terrestrial vegetation. Today, the lagoon is subject to extensive drainage while catchment landuse is dominated by intensive animal farming leading to increased surface runoff. The lagoon has been classified as eutrophic by New Zealand standards given its nutrient concentration and occurrence of macrophyte and phytoplankton blooms. Nutrients and chlorophyll-a concentration in the water column have been found to be elevated and are particularly so during periods of limited connectivity with the sea. Anoxic sediments have also been observed in the lagoon and tend to be found in areas dominated by macrophyte blooms. The lagoon is a shallow poorly flushed system with long water residence time and it is therefore considered to be particularly susceptible to the effects of high nutrient loading. Removal of natural wetlands and subsequent lost of their buffering properties is also considered to increase nutrient and sediment loading into the lagoon.  ","Stevens and Robertson 2007","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[789,"Karachi Coast/Indus River Delta","Pakistan",24.721758,67.076567,1980,null,null,"Impact unknown but likely to be  significant (according to source).","Karachi is the largest city of Pakistan and an industrial and urban hub. The coast extends for up to 135 km and is exposed to heavy pollution in different forms. Additionaly, untreated effluent from Karachi is discharged directly or indirectly to the adjacent Indus River Delta. The delta is an important ecoregion valued by its mangrove ecosystem which is a wetland area of great ecological and economic significance. In Karachi, huge amounts of domestic and industrial sewage are discharged into the coast and delta from the Malir and Lyari rivers. Estimates indicate that approximately 6,000 small and large scale industries discharge untreated effluent into the coast.  Fish-kills in the Karachi coast and the nearby Gwadar Bay have been attributed to harmful algal blooms resulting from increasing organic pollution. The green Noctiluca scintillans has been reported to be present along the coast and surrounding areas in high quantities. Due to the high amount of organic pollution, oxygen levels along the coast are estimated to be low. Other forms of pollution include oil products with around 90,000 tons per year dumped into the coast from vessels and the port. Extremely high levels of toxic heavy metals are also common in coastal water and are likely to have significant impacts on humans and marine wildlife. Impacts on commercial marine products such as fin-fish and shrimp fisheries are unknown but likely significant. A few domestic sewage plants are located in the area, but are considered to be far from enough to cope with the vast amounts of sewage from the city and surrounding areas. ","Khalil, 1999; Chaghtai and Saifullah, 2006; Shahzad et al. 2009","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[790,"Wadi Gaza, Gaza Strip","Palestine",31.467428,34.3722,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Wadi Gaza is a wetland south of Gaza City and just north of the Middle Governorate. Its tributaries are found in the mountains beside Hebron and the upper Negev. It is one of the very few areas in Gaza with potential as a nature reserve. Approximately 16,000 cubic meters of raw sewage from Gaza's Middle Governorate are pumped through the wetland complex daily leading to severe eutrophic conditions. The Wadi Gaza is also threatened by dumping of solid waste, lack of water inflow as a result of dams, and land conversion.  ","UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[791,"Mactan Island (North-East - including Magellan Bay)","Philippines",10.328128,124.017336,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The island of Mactan (Cebu) is located in the central Philippines. The island has experienced rapid industrial growth in the last years. Waters in the area are considered to be highly eutrophied by sources of the Cebu harbor and encroachment on the Magellan Bay. Both urban and industrial wastewater is directly discharged into rivers and streams which ultimately leads to nutrient enrichment of coastal waters. Levels of dissolved oxygen, coliform bacteria, and heavy metal pollutants in 5 rivers discharging into the bay were considerable high and were indicative of polluted waters. Limited flushing within the bay may also exacerbate eutrophic conditions. If not already existing, hypoxic events may occur if current trends continue.","Largo et al. 2004","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[792,"Masinloc Bay","Philippines",15.522258,119.941392,1980,{"$nulls":3},"The primary cause of nutrient enrichment in Masinloc Bay is considered to be aquaculture, being the most important aquaculture district in the Philippines along with Manila Bay. Harmful algal blooms (Pyrodinium spp.) and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) cases were reported frequently in the bay between 1980 to 2001. Given the high frequency of PSP, shellfish harvesting is not allowed within the bay.","Wang et al. 2008","Eutrophic","no",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[793,"Lingayeng Gulf (including Bolinao and Dagupan)","Philippines",16.290464,120.183814,1980,"Episodic",null,"Fish-kill events have been reported in the area.","Lingayeng Gulf is a semi-circular embayment located in north-western Luzon (Philippines) with an approximate area of 2100 square kilometers. Aquaculture in the gulf started to develop in the 1970s and intensified during the 1980s. Today, aquaculture plays a key role in the economy of the area, but is also considered to have had a toll on the water quality of the system. Derivatives of the aquaculture industry in the form of organic and inorganic waste has led to high levels of nutrient enrichment within theZ gulf. During the last decade, harmful algal blooms (HABs) and fish-kills have been reported in areas of the gulf where aquaculture facilities are present. Inappropriate aquaculture techniques coupled with physical factors (e.g. low water flushing rate) are considered to exacerbate eutrophic conditions. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations have been reported. If not already existing, hypoxic events may occur if current trends continue. A major fish-kill event occurred in Bolinao during 2002 attributed to the increase of mariculture in the gulf. ","Yap et al. 2004","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[794,"Koper Bay/Rizana Estuary","Slovenia",45.558,13.742,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Koper Bay is an enclosed coastal system that lies on the Gulf of Trieste in the northern Adriatic Sea. The town of Koper, which lies on the bay, is the largest commercial port in Slovenia. The bay is shallow (less than 20 meters in depth) and has limited circulation. The Rizana Estuary drains to the bay at the town of Koper. The Rizana river drains a predominantly agricultural watershed. Eutrophication in the bay is the result of high riverine nutrient inputs as well as direct municipal discharges from the Koper sewage treatment plant. ","UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[796,"Seca Fish/Shellfish Area","Slovenia",45.483292,13.581928,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Seca (Sezza) is a small Slovenian town located on the shores of the Gulf of Piran near the Croatia border. The Gulf of Piran (also known as Piran Bay) is part of the Gulf of Trieste in the Adriatic Sea. Eutrophication has been observed here and is linked to the Secca aquaculture complex located in the bay. ","UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[797,"Dutch Canal","Sri Lanka",7.663753,79.8025,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Dutch Canal is part of a wetland system also comprising Chilaw Lagoon, Mundel Lagoon and Puttalam Lagoon in the Puttalm District of Sri Lanka (North-West). Most of the expanding aquaculture industry of Sri Lanka is established in the area. Since the 1980s, the industry has rapidly expanded without any organization or planning. Today, Dutch Canal is a highly eutrophic system with serious water quality problems. The high nutrient loading is caused by the direct discharge of nutrient-rich effluents derived from shrimp farms. The industry has been negatively impacted by the eutrophic conditions of the lagoon as evidenced by a significant decline in shrimp output caused by the outbreak of viral diseases. In addition, there has been a decrease in the lagoon’s fish harvest with obvious implications for local fisherman. Part of the problem lays in inadequate management techniques. Dutch Canal is the main source of water for shrimp farms in the area but at the same time farm effluents are discharged into the canal. Hence, the potential for eutrophication and stress in the system is very high. Additionally, the lagoonal complex is characterized by limited flushing, with water renewal time in some areas (e.g. Puttalam Lagoon) of approximately 20-100 days. Accordingly, flushing of water with a high nutrient load is very limited. By the year 2008, there was a government proposal to rehabilitate the canal, but some have suggested that reducing pollution sources would be more economical and beneficial for the parties involved. ","Corea et al 1995; Rohitha 2008","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[798,"Lac de Bizerte","Tunisia",37.189356,9.847019,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Lac de Bizerte is a coastal lagoon 60 miles north of Tunis, near the city of Bizerte. The lagoon is connected to the Mediterranean Sea via a channel that measures 7 kilometers. The area surrounding lagoon is highly urbanized and industrialized. There are two commercial ports located along the lagoon (one at the city of Bizerte and the other at the city of Menzel Bourguiba). Aquaculture is also present in the lagoon in the form of fish cages and shellfish beds located in the northeast corner of the lagoon. The system has been classified as eutrophic as a result of inputs of domestic and industrial wastes.","UNEP/MAP 2007","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[799,"Mersin Bay","Turkey",36.793969,34.642803,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Mersin Bay is situated on the wide and shallow shelf zone of the Levantine basin in the NE Mediterranean Sea. The inner bay is isolated from the general circulation pattern and has very little exchange with open seawaters. Thermal stratification of the bay waters begins in May and is well-established in August-September. The nearshore waters of the bay receive nutrient rich riverine inputs as well as direct discharges of untreated municipal wastes from the city of Mersin. The nearshore waters of the bay are considered eutrophic. A 2005 monitoring program found elevated levels of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), organic matter, nutrients, fecal coliform, and chlorophyll-a. In addition Secchi disc depth was consistently less that 3.0 meters. Despite its severe eutrophic status, there was no measured oxygen deficiency in the bottom waters of the inner bay.","UNEP/MAP 2007","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[800,"Jiaozhou Bay (Qingdao)","China",36.132442,120.225108,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-enclosed bay located on the south side of the Shandong peninsula (China) connected to the Yellow Sea by a narrow entrance. More than 10 small stream discharge into the bay with different water/sediment loads; the largest input is the Daguhe River. The bay is considered to be under considerable human-induced stress and is characterized by eutrophic waters. In recent years, most of the rivers have been reported to channel domestic and industrial wastewater resulting from increased economical development and population size in the region. From the 1960s to late 1990s, the population in the area increased dramatically (4.6  x 106 to 7.0  x 106) and industrial output increased over 80 times. The total amount of waste water and use of fertilizer has increased significantly during the last few decades. Garbage disposal into the bay from the neighboring city of Qingdao may also contribute to nutrient pollution in the bay. Red tides have become a common feature within the bay. ","Dai et al. 2007; Zhang 2007","Eutrophic","yes","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7ZJkd2d8vQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4IAAa667EM; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHM2nTUFuEw; ","Y7ZJkd2d8vQ; B4IAAa667EM; VHM2nTUFuEw; "]
[801,"Corozal Bay","Belize",18.368378,-88.386425,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The Corozal Bay system is part of the Caribbean Sea and is adjacent and influenced by Corozal Town. The water quality of the system has been reported to be affected by non-point sources of sewage pollution from both Corozal and the neighboring Mexican town of Chetumal. The latter has been reported to have experienced a significant increase in population since 2000 leading to increased stress on the system. Currently, there is no appropriate sewage treatment plant in Chetumal and only partially treated sewage is discharged into the system. In Corozal, sewage management takes the form of latrine pits, septic tanks, and soak-aways, which taking into consideration the underlying limestone geology of the area (i.e. porous), leads to leaching of nutrients into the bay. Other forms of nutrient inputs may include those deriving from sugar cane plantations, although it might depend on storm events. Also, livestock production may lead to nutrient leaching into the bay through the aforementioned porous geology/pedology. Point sources include sugar processing plants generating wastewater which is discharged into the New River and subsequently flows into Corozal Bay. However, it is not known if it affects the water quality of the bay.  Garbage disposal sites at Corozal Town may also be contributing to nutrient seepage into the bay. The coliform e.coli has been reported to be present within the area. ","Department of Environment of Belize, 2008","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[802,"Nuevo Gulf (Nueva Bay)","Argentina",-42.744939,-64.995136,2000,null,"Research using macrobenthos as indicators of pollution reported the presence of opportunistic pollution indicators (polychaetes) associated with high values of ammonium, phosphates, organic matter, in \"perturbed areas\" close to the fisheries effluents in the city. Sampling in areas away from the city (~ 15 km) indicate a relative undisturbed environment. ",null,"Nuevo Gulf is a semi-enclosed body of water formed by Peninsula Valdés and Punta Ninfas located in the Patagonia. Eutrophication in the gulf leads to the production of high proportions of algal biomass yearly. Part of the biomass is detached and deposited on beaches of the city of Puerto Madryn having a negative impact on recreational activities and aesthetics.  The city has experienced a considerable population growth since the 70s which has been correlated with increased nutrient inputs into the gulf. Sewage discharge was reported to be eliminated in 2001 through the implementation of a wastewater plant.  However, reports from 2003 indicate that the water quality of the gulf is affected by poorly treated wastewater (industrial/residential) and derivatives of activities in the local harbor (e.g. fouling, ballast wastewater). A number of fisheries in the area are also considered to be contributing to nutrient enrichment in the system. Although there is no long-term monitoring plan, reports may indicate an increase in algal biomass overtime. Harmful algal blooms have been reported in the area. ","Diaz et al. 2002; Piriz et al 2003; Torres and Caille 2009; Ferrando et al. 2010","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[803,"Ghar El Melh","Tunisia",37.146358,10.181031,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Ghar El Melh is a coastal lagoon located in Tunisia (Southern Mediterranean). The lagoon has a diverse history of natural and man-made hydrological modifications including the natural evolution of the system (from bay to lagoon) and diversions/regulations of freshwater inputs.  Although the nutrient load of the lagoon is unknown, nutrient input is considered to have increased during the last few decades as indicated by a vegetational shift from angiosperms to macroalgae. At present, the system is  eutrophic. This is considered to be the result of intensification of agriculture within the catchment, development of an industrial area west of the lagoon, and delivery of urban wastewater resulting from the lack of sewage facilities in urban areas (particularly at Ghar El Melh town located north of the lagoon).   ","Rasmussen et al. 2009","Eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[805,"Ganges","Bangladesh",21.595631,89.052269,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Ganges River flows through China, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. It is grossly polluted from Kannanj to Calcutta with dissolved oxygen levels ranging from 1.5 to 3.75 mg/L. Severe environmental problems are the consequence. The river has a long history of receiving untreated sewage, up to one billion liters per day, some of which is now being treated under India's Ganga Action Plan. ","Maybeck & Helmer 1989","Hypoxic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[806,"Bengdu Bay","Korea",33.432489,126.919241,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Bengdu Bay is located on Jeju, a  volcanic island in the South Sea of Korea. The bay is semi-enclosed and located on the eastern end of the island. The bay receives no continuous river discharge, but receives temporary inflow of freshwater from intermittent streams during the summer monsoon. In addition it receives significant submarine groundwater discharge as a result of the highly permeable volcanic rock and soils. Submarine groundwater discharge is the primary pathway for nutrients reaching the bay. Agriculture is the most important source of nutrients of the bay, however aquaculture is also practiced in the western portion of the bay. Symptoms of eutrophication include nuisance and toxic algal blooms.","Hwang, D. et al. 2005","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[807,"Great Barrier Reef","Australia ",-19.103797,148.526911,2000,{"$nulls":3},"The GBR located in Australia’s northeastern coast is the largest continuous coral reef in the world and it is much valued for its biodiversity. Traditionally, the reef has been characterized by good ecological status and good water quality resulting from the relative lack of anthropogenic impacts due its remote location and effective regional management schemes. However, there has been an increasing concern on the anthropogenic impacts on certain areas of the GBR.  The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) is adjacent to a large catchment where a range of agricultural and industrial activity takes place. Here, nutrients and sediments inputs have been reported to have increased 2- to 4- fold in the last century.  The effects of terrestrial runoff seem to be predominant in a narrow nearshore zone of 15-20 km.  However, elevated nutrient concentrations have also been observed at hundreds of kilometers from river mouths. New (allochthonous) nutrient sources within the reef are dominated by river runoff accounting for 30 percent of the total nitrogen and 39 percent of the total phosphorous. Coral reefs in the area have experienced changes associated with eutrophication and terrestrial run-off. Results from a 2007/2008 monitoring programme indicate that 10 out of 14 near shore stations had chlorophyll-a, suspended sediments and particulate nutrient values exceeding the recommended guideline values for the GBR. These high values were associated with flooding events and associated increased runoff. No problems with submerged aquatic vegetation (seagrass beds) were correlated to water quality. However, certain parts of the reef (Burdekin and Fitzroy) had an increased macroalgal cover compared to previous surveys. The increase in macroalgal cover is an important issue as macroalgae competes with coral species for cover and can therefore displace them. ","Furnas et al. 2005; Prange et al 2009","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[808,"Mekong River Delta","Vietnam ",9.379525,106.347736,1990,null,"Shellfish have been poisoned by toxic phytoplankton","Aquaculture industry severely impacted in 1996","The Mekong River is one of the longest rivers in Asia. Through its course, it drains areas of China, Burma, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam eventually discharging through its delta into the South China Sea. The total drainage area of the river is approximately 783,000 square kilometers. The river basin is influenced by increased population density and intensification of agricultural crop production. Agricultural land accounts for 80 percent of the total landuse in the delta. Discharge of agricultural runoff with high nutrient content has been a common issue during the last two decades. Even so, the effects of eutrophication seem to be localized, and the water quality in the delta and river as a whole is considered to be generally good. Eutrophic symptoms seem to be concentrated in upstream reaches around Phnom Penh (Cambodia) and lower reaches in the Mekong Delta, which is characterized by the highest population density of the region. Here, eutrophication events occur annually and have been categorized as moderate. Although data on the extent of eutrophication in the region is not thorough, associated symptoms may include: increased algal production and the formation of algal mats, hypoxia, fish and benthos mortality events, or harmful algal blooms (HABs). Levels of faecal bacteria in distributaries of the River Delta make the water unsuitable for human consumption.  During 1999, the aquaculture industry lost millions of dollars due to eutrophic conditions and associated toxic algal blooms. Shellfish poisoning from toxic phytoplankton has also been reported in the area. In general, studies on the impacts of eutrophication and HABs in the delta seem to be scarce.","Freda et al. 1991; Devlin and Brodie, 2005; MRC 2008, GIWA 2004; Prathumratana, 2008","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[809,"Gulf of Tonkin/Red River Estuary","Vietnam ",19.546292,107.431436,1990,null,"Coral species structure and composition has been displaced by opportunistic species",null,"The Gulf of Tonkin borders the Indo-Chinese coast to the west and the western coast of Lai Chau Peninsula and Hai Nam Island to the east. The gulf is characterized by its shallowness not exceeding 100 m. The hydrological regime of the gulf is heavily influenced by a huge continental runoff delivered by a network of rivers. Industrial development, increasing population growth and agricultural runoff are considered the main sources contributing to eutrophication in the delta. Reportedly, untreated industrial waste and municipal sewage are discharged directly into the delta’s waterways. The amount of organic inputs into surface waters should be significant taking into consideration that large urban centers such as Hanoi are located within the delta. Input of nitrogen in the form of runoff from excessive fertilizer application is also an issue where rice is cultivated. In the Gulf of Tonkin, heavy siltation and eutrophication have played a major role in reshaping the structure and composition of the coral reef community. These two factors have led to the displacement and elimination of certain coral species and replacement by others, leading to a unique coral composition in the bay. Many of these species are considered opportunistic being able to withstand stressful conditions. This is the case in Ah Thoi and Ha Long Bay, with turbid and highly eutrophic waters and where surveys have revealed the predominance of opportunistic species (porites) in the coral reef structure. ","Pedersen et al. 1996; Latypov 2000; Latypov 2003","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[810,"Strait of Georgia","US-Washington",48.808,-122.953,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Strait of Georgia (also known as the Gulf of Georgia) is located between Vancouver Island (as well as its nearby Gulf Islands) and the mainland coast of British Columbia, Canada. Archipelagos and narrow channels mark each end of the Strait of Georgia, the Gulf Islands and San Juan Islands in the south, and the Discovery Islands in the north. Dissolved oxygen observations between 1997 and 2000 indicated at least one instance of hypoxia, and other near-hypoxic events. These low DO observations likely reflect the signature of upwelled low DO waters from the Strait of Juan de Fuca, plus the influence from the Fraser River plume, which has a high organic load.","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[811,"Sinclair Inlet","US-Washington",47.549,-122.609,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Sinclair Inlet is an arm of Puget Sound in Kitsap County, Washington, USA. It is the southwestern extension of Port Orchard, and it touches the shores of three of Kitsap County's four incorporated cities: Bremerton, Bainbridge Island, and Port Orchard. It is connected to Dyes Inlet by the Port Washington Narrows and to Puget Sound by Rich Passage. Low oxygen concentrations have been observed here, with observations dipping to 2.9 mg/l (c. 1995). Low oxygen combined with high nutrient concentrations, high fecal coliform concentration, and stratification have characterized the Sinclair Inlet as a waterbody of concern for the state of Washington. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2003","Eutrophic",null,"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[812,"Samish Bay","US-Washington",48.606,-122.516,1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Samish River is approximately 25 miles (40 km) long, in northwestern Washington in the United States. The river drains an area of 139 square miles (360 square kilometers) between the Skagit River basin on the south and the Nooksack River basin on the north. The river flows southwesterly through Skagit County and outlets into Samish Bay in Puget Sound. The bay is eutrophic as a result of riverine inputs. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2004","Eutrophic",null,"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[813,"Possession Sound","US-Washington",{"v":47.975441000000004,"d":"47.97544"},{"v":-122.272498,"d":"-122.27250"},1950,{"$nulls":3},"Possession Sound is part of Puget Sound, located in the U.S. state of Washington between Whidbey Island and the coastline of Snohomish County, approximately between the cities of Everett and Mukilteo. Possession Sound connects the main Puget Sound basin to the south with Saratoga Passage and Port Susan to the north. The Snohomish River flows into Possession Sound at Port Gardner Bay. Low oxygen and phytoplankton blooms have been observed here since the 1950s. The waters of Possession Sound exhibit stratification, high ammonia concentrations, high dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and high fecal coliform concentrations, categorizing it as a waterbody of high concern. Stratification combined with riverine nutrient inputs from the Snohomish River as well as nutrient runoff from Port Everett contribute to eutrophic conditions. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2005","Eutrophic",null,"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[814,"Port Orchard","US-Washington",{"v":47.635,"d":"47.63500"},{"v":-122.585,"d":"-122.58500"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"Port Orchard, part of Washington state's Puget Sound, is the strait that separates Bainbridge Island on the east from the Kitsap Peninsula on the west. It extends from Liberty Bay and Agate Pass in the north to Sinclair Inlet and Rich Passage in the south. Port Orchard exhibits high fecal coliform concentrations, indicating the presence of high organic loads. Port Orchard is classified as eutrophic and at risk for developing low oxygen if current trends continue.  ","Collias, 1985","Eutrophic",null,"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[815,"Port Gamble","US-Washington",{"v":47.84,"d":"47.840"},{"v":-122.58,"d":"-122.580"},1990,{"$nulls":3},"Port Gamble is a small bay at the entrance to Hood Canal. The communities of Port Gamble and Little Boston, part of Kitsap County, lie on either side of the mouth of the bay. Sampling records from 1997 to 2000 show low dissolved oxygen (below 5 mg/l). The state of Washington has identified Port Gamble as a waterbody of concern. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2004","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[816,"Grays Harbor","US-Washington",46.951,{"v":-124.05,"d":"-124.050"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"Grays Harbor is an estuarine bay located 45 miles (72 km) north of the mouth of the Columbia River, on the southwest Pacific coast of Washington state, in the United States of America. It is a ria, which formed at the end of the last ice age, when sea levels flooded the Chehalis River. The Chehalis River flows into the eastern end of the bay where the city of Aberdeen lies at that river's mouth.  Besides the Chehalis, many lesser rivers and streams flow into Grays Harbor, such as Hoquiam River and Humptulips River. Grays Harbor receives high riverine inputs, exhibits stratification, and has high levels of fecal coliform contamination and  ammonium-N. Low dissolved oxygen has not been a problem in the bay as it has a good exchange with oceanic waters. Washington state has classified Grays Harbor as a waterbody of significant concern due to its eutrophic status. ","Collias, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[817,"Commencement Bay","US-Washington",47.291,-122.449,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Commencement Bay is a bay of Puget Sound (Washington, U.S.). The city of Tacoma is located on the bay, with the Port of Tacoma occupying the southeastern end. A line drawn from Point Defiance in the southwest to Browns Point in the northeast serves to mark the generally accepted division between the bay and the open sound. Commencement Bay has become home to one of the most active commercial ports in the world. The Port of Tacoma is the main port facility. Commencement Bay suffers from consistently high level of fecal coliform contamination as well as episodes of low oxygen. Low dissolved oxygen was first observed here in 1996/1997 when there were seven occurrences of DO levels dropping below 5 mg/l. Low dissolved oxygen is the result of eutrophication (from urban runoff) and stratification. Commencement Bay has been classified as one of the waterbodies of highest concern by the Washington Department of the Environment. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2004","Eutrophic",null,"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; "]
[818,"Rarotonga Island","Cook Islands",-21.270464,-159.776614,1990,null,"Increase in filamentous algae may be related high coral mortality and low species diversity ","Fish stocks have declined with deterioration of the lagoonal environment surrounding the island.","Rarotonga has the highest population density (c. 14,153) in all of the Cook Islands. Here, point and non-point sources of sewage and/or agricultural runoff have been correlated with the degradation of the lagoonal environment surrounding the island and to the emergence of fish disease. Ciguatera is a toxin derived from a toxic dinoflagellate (Gambierdiscus toxicus) associated with nutrient rich waters. The dinoflagellate tends to aggressively colonize areas of the reef exposed to disturbance. Poisoned fish are a direct threat to the inhabitants of the island while also posing a risk to tourists. Several fish species have been found to be inflicted with the toxin. Reports indicate that the fish stock of the island has been significantly reduced in the last few decades resulting from the deterioration of the lagoonal environment. However, the use of nets, poisons and explosives in fishing practices may also be correlated to fish decline.  A survey of the area reported a high rate of parasitic organisms (Plagioporus spp.) in corals which has been correlated with sewage. Additionally, coral bleaching has been observed and the presence of filamentous algae is also damaging corals. Some areas seem to be more vulnerable than others resulting from differences in flushing efficiency in parts of the lagoon. A comparison of coral communities among similar Pacific reefs found that Rarotonga had the highest coral mortality index and lowest hard coral diversity.  ","Hoffmann 2002a; 2002b; Rhodes et al. 2010","eutrophic","yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[819,"Trinity Bay/Trinity Estuary","US-Texas",{"v":29.716,"d":"29.7160"},{"v":-94.759,"d":"-94.7590"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"Trinity Bay is the northeast portion of Galveston Bay. It is approximately 20 miles (32 km) long, and heads at the mouth of the Trinity River. Trinity Bay is separated from the main part of Galveston Bay by the San Jacinto River, part of the Houston Ship Channel. The Trinity River contributes 54 percent of the total bay system inflow for the Galveston Bay complex. Riverine nutrient inputs from Trinity River is the main contribution to eutrophication in the bay. Eutrophication has been observed in Trinity Bay since the 1980s.","Whitledge, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[820,"San Jacinto Estuary","US-Texas",{"v":29.734671,"d":"29.7347"},{"v":-95.036959,"d":"-95.0370"},1990,{"$nulls":3},"The San Jacinto River runs from Lake Houston in Harris County, Texas to Galveston Bay. The river is considered by the Environmental Protection Agency to be one of the most polluted waterways in Texas and contains a number of pollutants in high concentrations that are persistent in the water and riverbed. It has been under pressure for decades from industries located on and near its banks that used it as an effluent removal system for decades. Today the river has lost a large number of native fish species, suffers from periodic algae blooms and is on the verge of ecological collapse.\n\n","Rabalais 1998","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[821,"West Bay","US-Texas",29.248,-94.969,1980,{"$nulls":3},"West Bay, also referred to as West Galveston Bay, is a long inlet of Galveston Bay in Galveston and Brazoria counties that nearly runs the entire length west of Galveston Island. Eutrophication has been observed here since the 1980s.\n\n","Rabalais et al. 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[822,"Chocolate Bay","US-Texas",28.577,-96.614,1990,"Episodic",null,null,"Chocolate Bay is a western extension of Matagorda Bay on the Texas Gulf coast. Chocolate Bayou flows into the bay. Episodic hypoxia has been observed in the bay since the 1990s. One low oxygen event in 1998 resulted in a fish kill of 10,000 fish downstream of Lutes marina. Chocolate Bay is currently part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[823,"Matagorda Bay","US-Texas",{"v":28.5,"d":"28.500"},{"v":-96.4,"d":"-96.400"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"Matagorda Bay is a large estuary bay on the Texas coast approximately 80 miles northeast of Corpus Christi. It is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by Matagorda Peninsula and serves as the mouth of numerous streams, most notably the Lavaca and Colorado Rivers. The major Texas seaport of Port Lavaca is located on the system's northwestern extension of Lavaca Bay. The Matagorda Bay system is a renowned fishing location in the region, due to its status as a nutrient-rich estuary. Land use in the area is dominated by agriculture and ranching activities. The bay is also a significant resource for the seafood processing and the commercial fishing industry.  Between 1951 and 2006, recorded fish kill events in the bay have resulted in approximate 90 million dead fish. The majority of fish kills occurred between 1995 and 2006. Low dissolved oxygen as a result of eutrophication was linked to most of these fish kill events. "," Rabalais et al. 1985; Lowery, 1998; Bricker et al. 2007; Thornson & Quigg 2008","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[824,"Skidaway Estuary (Including Skidaway River, Wilmington River and Wassaw Sound)","US-Georgia",31.993,{"v":-81.02,"d":"-81.020"},1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Skidaway Estuary is located in Georgia’s Atlantic coast between the Savannah River (north) and Ogeechee River (south). This is a shallow and tidally-dominated estuary surrounded by salt marshes. The estuary comprises Skidaway River, Wilmington River and Wassaw Sound which are considered to be a contiguous zone due to the local tidal action. The estuary is also influenced by freshwater inputs from the Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers. A series of surveys between 1986—2005 found a number of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species the estuary (n = 15). In particular, annual mean and peak abundances of Heterosigma akashiwo have been correlated to increased nutrient loading and subsequent eutrophication. This HAB taxon is known to benefit from increased nutrient concentrations and has been associated with fish and shellfish kills in the US Atlantic coast. Here, changes in nutrient concentration are attributed to increased population density, changes in landuse practices along Georgia’s coast and upstream in the rivers drainage basins. Eutrophic conditions are reflected by elevated chlorophyll-a and particulate organic matter as well as higher concentrations and abundance of small phytoplankton. Additionally, declining dissolved oxygen levels and elevated bacterial activity have been recorded in the estuary.","Verity et al. 2006; Bricker et al. 2007; Verity, 2010","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[825,"Narraguagus River/Bay","US-Maine",{"v":44.53,"d":"44.530"},-67.858,1980,"Concern",null,null,"The Narraguagus River is located in Maine emptying into Narraguagus Bay of the Gulf of Maine. In 1999, the bay was categorized as experiencing moderate eutrophication symptoms represented by moderate chlorophyll-a concentrations and the presence of nuisance/toxic blooms. However, blooms originate off the coast and then are transported into the bay. At the time, dissolved oxygen levels were in good conditions. Bacterial contamination (fecal coliforms) has been observed within the bay and is associated with faulty private septic systems and municipal sewer system. During 2006, different parts of the bay were closed to shellfish harvesting due to pollution levels. ","Whitledge, 1985; Arter and Snapp, 2006","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[826,"Southern Maryland Coastal Bays (Chincoteague/ Sinepuxent/Newport Bay)","US-Maryland",{"v":38.26083333333333,"d":"38.261"},{"v":-75.14,"d":"-75.140"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"Sinepuxent, Chincoteague and Newport bays lie between the Atlantic barrier islands of Assateague and Chincoteague and the mainland of Worcester County, Maryland and northern Accomack County, Virginia. The enclosed embayment is characterized by low flushing and (nutrient) dilution capability. As of 2003, parts of the system were listed by the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) as experiencing water quality impairments associated with low dissolved oxygen, nutrient and bacterial (fecal coliform) contamination. Point (in Sinepuxent) and nonpoint (Newport Bay) sources contribute to the nutrient loading of the system. High concentrations of chlorophyll-a and moderate macroalgal blooms have been observed within the bay. Additionally, there are frequent nuisance/toxic algal blooms. Dissolved oxygen levels do not seem to be an issue, but further analyses in certain parts of the lagoon were recommended to properly ascertain contemporary conditions. Sewage effluents have resulted in parts of the system being been closed to shellfish harvesting.\n\n","Whitledge, 1985; Boynton et al. 1996; Shanks 2003; Bricker et al. 2007 ","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[827,"Bogue Sound ","US-North Carolina",{"v":34.7,"d":"34.700"},-76.917,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Bogue Sound is a 20 mile long coastal embayment sheltered from the Atlantic Ocean by a barrier island between Morehead City and Swansboro. The sound communicates with the sea at its two ends, being connected through Beaufort Inlet (east) and Bogue Inlet (west). Oxygen conditions in the late 1990s were considered to be generally good (> 5 mg/l) resulting from appropriate flushing conditions within the system. In 1999, the area was categorized as experiencing moderate low eutrophic symptoms including moderate levels of chlorophyll-a and low frequency of nuisance algal/toxic blooms. However, conditions were expected to improve in the near future. ","Stanley, 1985; Bricker et al. 2007","eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[828,"North/South Santee River Outlets","US-South Carolina",{"v":33.14,"d":"33.140"},-79.243,1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Santee River discharges into South Carolina’s Atlantic coast through its two (north and south) outlets. The Santee Basin has the second largest drainage area and total discharge of all river systems on the US east coast. The river has been subject to a number of water flow modifications (e.g. damming). A number of surveys between 1995-1998 found that surface water in the Santee River Basin and coastal drainages generally met the requirements of Federal and State guidelines for drinking water quality and protection of aquatic life. However, water quality in parts of the system was affected by urban and agricultural landuses as indicated by elevated concentrations of bacteria, nutrients, and pesticides. In 1999, the system was considered to be experiencing low eutrophic conditions characterized by moderate low dissolved oxygen levels and moderate susceptibility to increased stress. More recent information suggests moderate eutrophication symptoms expressed by observed dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a levels. Harmful algal blooms have been occasionally reported in the system. ","Sanger et al. 2002; Bricket et al. 2007","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[829,"Winyah Bay ","US-South Carolina",{"v":33.270404,"d":"33.270"},{"v":-79.242414,"d":"-79.242"},1980,"Episodic","Low DO levels cause stress on aquatic biota.",null,"Winyah Bay is located in South Carolina’s coast in Georgetown County. The bay has freshwater inputs from four different riverine systems including the Black, Waccamaw, Sampit and Pee Dee Rivers. The latter is the major freshwater contributor into the bay accounting for 90 percent of total inputs. Sources of organic inputs into the bay may include agricultural runoff and upstream swamps. Additionally, the Sampit River is under the influence of effluents from a paper mill, a steel mill, and a municipal sewage treatment plant. In 1999, the system was described as experiencing low eutrophic symptoms associated with moderate levels of chlorophyll-a and low dissolved oxygen levels. According to recent data, eutrophic conditions are considered to be moderate taking into consideration that dissolved oxygen levels are periodically low enough to cause stress to aquatic biota. ","Stanley, 1985, Bricker et al. 2007; Ranhofer et al. 2009","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[830,"Newark Bay/Passaic River","US-New Jersey",40.666,-74.139,1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Passaic River is polluted by numerous sources in a highly urbanized and industrialized catchment. The river drains New Jersey and a small part of New York and outlets in Newark Bay. Here, a growing population, industrial, agricultural, commercial and recreational activities are all factors affecting the water quality of the river. The river is considered to be one the most impacted in the northeast. Urban and agricultural runoff contributes significantly to the organic loading of the river which shows classical signs of eutrophication during summer. Sediments in the Lower Passaic and Newark Bay are also contaminated with substances such as dioxins and PCBs. Consumption of shellfish and fish from Newark Bay and adjacent areas is prohibited. ","Whitledge, 1985; New York - New Jersey Estuary Program, 1996; Bengraine and Marhaba, 2003","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[831,"Sabine-Neches Estuary","US-Texas",30.064,-93.717,1980,"Unknown",null,null,"The Sabine-Neches Estuary covers about 259 square kilometers and includes Sabine Lake, the Sabine-Neches and Port Arthur Canals, and Sabine Pass. Basins contributing inflow to the estuary include the entire Sabine and Neches Basins and part of the Neches-Trinity Coastal Basin. A 1985 survey found a few occurrences of low dissolved oxygen in the open shallow waters, with most low dissolved oxygen levels occurring in the deeper channels and tidal rivers. A 1999 EPA report indicates that up to 10 percent of the Lake Sabine area is subject to hypoxia. However, a 2004 NOAA report indicates that conditions have improved and the system shows low eutrophication symptom expressions.","Rabalais et al. 1985; USEPA 1999; Bricker 2004","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[832,"Oso Bay","US-Texas",{"v":27.693894,"d":"27.69389"},{"v":-97.311156,"d":"-97.31116"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"Oso Bay is an enclosed, shallow body of water situated along the southern shore of Corpus Christi Bay, with a surface area of approximately seven square miles. The bay receives fresh water from Oso Creek, a stream whose flow is dominated by permitted discharges, and exchanges salt water with Corpus Christi Bay. Ecologically, Oso Bay provides habitat for many plants and animals, and plays an influential role in water purification and storm protection. Corpus Christi is the largest metropolitan area in the watershed. The majority of the watershed is agricultural. The state of Texas is currently developing a TMDL for bacteria for Oso Bay and Oso Creek which receive runoff and discharges from agricultural and municipal wastes. Low oxygen conditions as a result of eutrophication has been observed in the bay since the 1980s. Sampling data between 2003 and 2005 found that , he bay failed to meet minimum 24-hour dissolved oxygen standards (4 mg/l) 39 percent of the time with dissolved oxygen levels measuring at or below 2 mg/l 10 percent of the time.","Rabalais 1998; Burgess 2009","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[833,"Tomales Bay/Bodega Harbor","US-California",{"v":38.17,"d":"38.170"},-122.909,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Tomales Bay is a long narrow inlet of the Pacific Ocean in Marin County in northern California in the United States. It is approximately 15 miles (25 km) long and averages nearly 1.0 miles (1.6 km) wide, effectively separating the Point Reyes Peninsula from the mainland of Marin County. It is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) northwest of San Francisco. The bay forms the eastern boundary of Point Reyes National Seashore. On its northern end it opens out onto Bodega Bay, which shelters it from the direct current of the Pacific. Bodega Harbor lies at the head of Bodega Bay. The Tomales Bay is formed along a submerged portion of the San Andreas Fault. Oyster farming is a major industry in the bay, and hillsides east of the bay are dotted by pastures and dairy farms. The bay receives nonpoint source nutrient inputs from riverine sources as well as runoff from the east and west shorelines. Sources of nutrients include runoff from animal waste (dairies and rangelands), failing septic systems, streambank and road erosion, storm drains, and boating activities. Identified water quality impacts include seasonal closure of shellfish beds, high bacterial counts in several swimming areas along tributaries to the bay, and sedimentation of the estuary. Eutrophication has been a concern in the bay since the 1980s.","Collias, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[834,"Little Assawoman Bay","US-Delaware",38.476,-75.065,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Little Assawoman Bay separates the barrier island from the Delmarva mainland. It extends north from Maryland into southern Delaware. It is geologically separated from the Assawoman Bay by a narrow strait locally referred to as The Ditch. Eutrophication has been observed here since the 1980s. ","Whitledge, 1985, Bricker et al. 2007","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[835,"Allen Creek","US-Florida",27.928,-82.746,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Allen's Creek is a typical urban stream located in the city of Clearwater, Florida. The drainage basin is located in the central area of Pinellas County, Florida and includes parts of the cities of Clearwater and Largo. Allen Creek flows into Tampa Bay. Eutrophication has been observed here since the 1980s. In addition, Allen Creek has been listed an impaired waterbody by the USEPA and a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) was issued in 2009 for fecal coliform (an indicator of high organic loadings). Urban runoff is considered the main source of pollution to the creek. ","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[836,"Banana River","US-Florida",28.493,-80.617,1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Banana River is a lagoon that lies between Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island in Brevard County, Florida in the United States. It is part of the Indian River Lagoon system that includes Mosquito Lagoon and Indian River. It connects at its south end to the Indian River; it is the only part of the lagoon system not in the Intracoastal Waterway. It also has an outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via a lock into Port Canaveral. The lagoon includes salt marshes, mangrove swamps, seagrass beds, drift algae, oyster bars, tidal flats, and spoil islands, providing habitats for many marine species. Commercial and recreational activities in the lagoon generate more than US$ 800 million annually for the local economy. The lagoon has suffered from eutrophication since the 1980's.","Windsor 1986","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[837,"Big Lostman's Bay","US-Florida",{"v":25.55,"d":"25.550"},-81.196,1980,{"$nulls":3},"Big Lostman's Bay is located between Chatham Bay and Whitewater Bay within the Everglades national Park on the southwest coast of Florida. The Everglades are threatened by drainage for agricultural use and subsequently, pollution from agricultural runoff.  ","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[838,"Carpenters Creek/Bayou Texar","US-Florida",{"v":30.45,"d":"30.450"},-87.196,1970,{"$nulls":3},"Bayou Texar extends northward from Pensacola Bay. The extent of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution and their impacts on algal productivity in Bayou Texar have been under investigation as early as 1971. Carpenter's Creek is considered to be the main source of nutrients to the bayou. Carpenter's Creek, in turn, receives nutrients from wastewater treatment discharges and urban runoff. ","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[839,"Chatham River/Bay","US-Florida",{"v":25.69,"d":"25.6900"},{"v":-81.285,"d":"-81.2850"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Chatham River estuarine system lies within the Everglades National Park. The Everglades are threatened by drainage for agricultural use and subsequently, pollution from agricultural runoff.  In addition, areas to the north of the Everglades National Park are urbanizing rapidly. Eutrophication has been a concern here since the 1980s.","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[840,"Crystal River","US-Florida",{"v":28.9,"d":"28.9000"},{"v":-82.593,"d":"-82.5930"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Crystal River is a very short river (7 miles long) that flows through  Citrus County, Florida before joining Kings Bay on the Gulf of Mexico. It has a drainage basin of five square miles (thirteen square kilometers). The river is known for attracting manatees due to the natural springs which feed the river and help maintain a warm water temperature in the river and bay. In recent years, Crystal River has suffered  from severe algal blooms. The symptoms of eutrophication have been made worse as a result of pumping of the aquifer that feeds the springs, resulting in reduced freshwater flow to the river and allowing for a concentration of nutrients. In addition, the dredge and fill of nearby wetlands has diminished the flow and filtration of water to the river. ","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[841,"Eau de Gallie Harbor","US-Florida",{"v":28.123,"d":"28.1230"},{"v":-80.629,"d":"-80.6290"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"Eau de Gallie Harbor lies to the north of Melbourne, Florida, and is part of the Indian River lagoon complex. In the 1970s Eau de Gallie was designated as highly eutrophic as a result of sewage discharges directly to the harbor. ","Whitledge, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[842,"Matanzas River","US-Florida",{"v":29.731,"d":"29.7310"},{"v":-81.249,"d":"-81.2490"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Matanzas River is actually a narrow estuary bounded by Anastasia Island which shelters it from the Atlantic Ocean. It is roughly 20 miles (32 km) in length and extends from St. Augustine Inlet in St. Augustine, Florida southward to approximately 8 miles (13 km) south of the Matanzas Inlet on the southern tip of Anastasia Island. The river is part of the Intracoastal Waterway. The Matanzas River faces several pollution issues, mostly related to urbanization in St. Augustine and the northern portion of Anastasia Island. Eutrophication has been a concern here since the 1980s.","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[843,"Mosquito Lagoon","US-Florida",{"v":28.899,"d":"28.8990"},{"v":-80.829,"d":"-80.8290"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Mosquito Lagoon is located on the east central coast of Florida and was once known as the Indian River Lagoon. It is part of a larger lagoon system that includes Indian River and the Banana River. The Kennedy Space Center is located near the lagoon. Mosquito Lagoon has only one direct connection to the Atlantic Ocean at Ponce de Leon Inlet. It has very little fresh water inflow and poor flushing. The lagoon is an important winter refuge for water fowl. Low dissolved oxygen was observed here beginning in the 1980s and eutrophication is a concern.  ","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[844,"South Amelia","US-Florida",{"v":30.579,"d":"30.5790"},{"v":-81.463,"d":"-81.4630"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"The South Amelia River is joined by Nassau River at a single outlet to the Atlantic Ocean. It lies at the northern edge of the highly urbanized city of Jacksonville, Florida. Bottom waters at the mouth of the river are approach anoxia while surface water DO levels have been known to drop below 4 mg/l.","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[845,"Tolomato River","US-Florida",{"v":29.933,"d":"29.9330"},{"v":-81.309,"d":"-81.3090"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Tolomato River is actually a coastal lagoon located on the northeast coast of Florida near Daytona Beach. The Tolomato River has naturally low DO conditions as a result of swamp drainage. However, rapid population growth in the area has enhanced these conditions in the past 20 years. ","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[846,"Ten Thousand Islands South","US-Florida",{"v":25.311,"d":"25.3110"},{"v":-81.057,"d":"-81.0570"},2000,"Periodic",null,null,"The Ten Thousand Islands are a chain of islands and mangrove populations located off the coast of southwest Florida. Periodic hypoxia has been observed in southern Ten Thousands Islands in the past decade over an estimated area of 203 square kilometers.","Bricker et al. 1999; 2007","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[847,"West Bay","US-Florida",{"v":30.267,"d":"30.2670"},{"v":-85.774,"d":"-85.7740"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"West Bay is the western extension of St. Andrew's Bay near Panama City Beach, Florida. Eutrophication has been observed here since 1980. Sea grass beds in West Bay have declined, likely as a result of Chlorophyll-a and epiphyte growth linked to eutrophication.","Windsor, 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[848,"Rio Grande (tidal)","US-Texas",{"v":25.954,"d":"25.9540"},{"v":-97.195,"d":"-97.1950"},1970,{"$nulls":3},"The Rio Grande tidal area includes the Rio Grande River from Rio Grande Weir, downstream of the International Bridge in Brownsville, TX, to its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico in Cameron County, TX. The once-rich delta region has been severely degraded as a result of pollution and upstream damming removal of river water for agriculture, industry and municipalities. As a result, the flow of the river has been greatly reduced. The delta once supported 40,000 acres of palm forest, of which less than 100 acres remains. Oxygen depletion in the warmer months has been observed as early as 1970. ","Rabalais et al. 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[849,"Jourdan River","US-Mississippi",{"v":30.365,"d":"30.3650"},{"v":-89.399,"d":"-89.3990"},1970,{"$nulls":3},"The Jourdan River empties into the St. Louis Bay in the Mississippi Sound. Low oxygen levels (3 and 4 mg/l) were measured at the mouth of the river in  1978, indicating eutrophic conditions. However, there is no evidence of low oxygen in the St. Louis Bay itself.","Rabalais 1998","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[850,"Biloxi Bay","US-Mississippi",{"v":30.369817,"d":"30.3698"},{"v":-88.804686,"d":"-88.8047"},1970,{"$nulls":3},"Biloxi Bay lies at the mouth of  Back Bay on the Mississippi Sound. Low dissolved oxygen levels have been recorded here, though it is  not considered a recurring problem. ","Rabalais et al. 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[851,"Lake Borgne","US-Mississippi",{"v":30.022,"d":"30.0220"},{"v":-89.672,"d":"-89.6720"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"Lake Borgne is a lagoon in eastern Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico. Due to coastal erosion Borgne is now a lagoon connecting to the Gulf of Mexico, but early 18th century maps show it as a lake largely separated from the Gulf by a considerable extent of wetlands which have since disappeared. Symptoms of eutrophication have been present since the 1980s. ","Rabalais et al. 1985","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[852,"Bayou La Batre","US-Alabama",{"v":30.402,"d":"30.4020"},{"v":-88.256,"d":"-88.2560"},1970,{"$nulls":3}," Bayou La Batre empties into the East Mississippi Sound in the state of Alabama at the town of the same name. Bayou La Batre is a fishing village with a large processing plant for fish and shrimp. Low oxygen levels have been measured at the Bayou La Batre tributary since the 1970s.  ","Rabalais et al. 1986","Eutrophic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[853,"Susquehanna River","US-Maryland",{"v":39.54,"d":"39.5400"},{"v":-76.074,"d":"-76.0740"},1980,{"$nulls":3},"The Susquehanna River is located in the northeastern United States. It is approximately 444 miles (715 km) long and drains an area of 27,500 square miles (71,225 km²), covering nearly half of the land area of Pennsylvania and portions of New York and Maryland. The river empties into the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay, providing half of the freshwater inflow for the entire Chesapeake Bay. In 2003 the river alone contributed 44 percent of the nitrogen, 21 percent of the phosphorus, and 21 percent of the sediment flowing into the Chesapeake Bay. Sources of nutrients within the river catchment include agricultural runoff (manure and fertilizers), urban runoff, and discharges from wastewater treatment plants. \n","Whitledge, 1985","Eutrophic",null,"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[854,"Tangier Sound","US-Maryland",{"v":38.076,"d":"38.0760"},{"v":-75.994,"d":"-75.9940"},1990,{"$nulls":3},"Tangier Sound is a bay of the Chesapeake Bay bounded on the west by Tangier Island in Virginia, and Smith Island and South Marsh Island in Maryland, by Deal Island in Maryland on the north, and the mainland of the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Pocomoke Sound on the east. The Manokin river drains into the sound.","Rabalais 1998; Bricker et al. 2007","Eutrophic",null,"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; "]
[870,"Bay of St. Vaast","France",49.590874,-1.257684,2000,null,"shellfish mortality",null,"The Bay St. Vaast is in the western part of the Bay of Seine within the English Channel. Its watershed is heavily agricultural, resulting in high nutrient loads and eutrophic events that cause shellfish mortality.","Dausse et al. 2005","Eutrophic","Yes",{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[871,"Indian River Bay","US-Delaware",38.603,-75.121,1980,"Episodic",null,null,"Indian River Bay is a body of water in Sussex County, Delaware. It is part of Delaware's inland bay system, along with Little Assawoman Bay and Rehoboth Bay. The bay is connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Indian River Inlet. Indian River Bay is unique among inland bays in that it is a drowned river valley, whereas Delaware's other bays are estuaries built on sand bars. Boating, fishing, shellfishing, and crabbing are among the most common recreational uses of Indian River Bay. In addition, the bay is bordered by several protected environmental areas, including Delaware Seashore State Park, Holts Landing State Park, and the Assawoman Wildlife Area. Agricultural and urban runoff are the major sources of nutrient pollution to the bay. Episodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s.\n\n","Whitledge, 1985","Hypoxic",null,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[872,"Mombasa Harbour (Makupa Creek)","Kenya",-4.028253,39.658717,1990,null,"Crustacean population is almost non-existent","Edible fish stocks have been depleted","Makupa Creek is located north west of Mombasa Island in the southern Kenyan coast. The small creek connects to the Indian Ocean through the busy Mombasa Harbour. The area is subject to heavy anthropogenic influence from the port, a nearby dumpsite, an electrical power plant, and the urban areas of Mombasa and its surroundings. Although Mombasa was reported to be the only Kenyan coastal town with a sewerage system (as of 2001), overloading and lack of maintenance have resulted in a general collapse of the system since the early 1990s. Most of Mombasa’s population relies on pit latrines for liquid waste while solid wastes are collected and dumped directly into the shores of Makupa Creek. A series of studies found low dissolved oxygen concentrations ranging from 3.60 – 5.90 (mg/l) indicating biological stress and close to hypoxic conditions. Similarly, chlorophyll-a concentrations were found to be high (2.05 – 8.00 mg/l) while secchi disk transparency is indicative of highly eutrophic conditions (0.30 – 1.40 cm). Connection of the creek with the sea is often limited leading to poor flushing conditions while exacerbating stress. Reportedly, mangrove cover and populations of edible fish and crustaceans have been almost completely lost. A survey of phytoplankton species in the area found a (copepod) community representative of a degraded system. Further research in the creek and harbour is recommended to properly assess the damage of the system.","Obura, 2001; Osore et al. 2003","Eutrophic","Yes"]
[873,"Zanzibar","Tanzania",-6.156489,39.18835,1990,null,"Fast-growing benthic communities (Rhodactis spp.) displacing native corals have been reported",null,"The town of Zanzibar is located in the west coast of Unguja Island. Here, elevated nutrient concentrations are considered to be a major threat to the marine ecosystem and in particular to coral reefs in the area. High nutrient concentrations derived from (raw) domestic and industrial sewage inputs in conjunction with overfishing are considered to be responsible for the physical deterioration of coral assemblages and degraded water quality. Groundwater discharges are likely a major vector of nutrients from certain villages and hotels along the coast. A survey of water quality parameters in coral reefs in the area (Chapwani Island) concluded that nutrient concentrations were significantly higher when compared to other coral systems considered to be (or have been) eutrophic (e.g. Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, USA). Chlorophyll-a concentrations were also found to be high in comparison to other systems. Additionally, there is indication of displacement of coral species by fast-growing benthic communities (e.g. a soft coral of Rhodactis spp.) thriving from elevated nutrient conditions. However, coral reefs in Zanzibar are well flushed giving some resilience to elevated nutrient concentrations.","Johnstone et al. 1998; Mohammed and Mgaya, 2001","Eutrophic","Yes"]
[874,"Dar es Salaam","Tanzania",-6.80065,39.297211,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Dar es Salaam is the largest city in Tanzania with a population between 3.5 – 4 millions and an annual growth rate of 7.2 percent per annum. The coastal area of Dar es Salaam is located in the Indian Ocean receiving inputs from the rivers Msimbazi, Kizinga, Mzinga and their tributaries. The Msimbazi is one of the most polluted rivers in Tanzania while the immediate coast of Dar es Salaam is also considered to be heavily polluted. There are multiple sources of pollution within the Msimbazi catchment including industrial sewage effluents, raw solid-waste disposal sites, a slaughterhouse effluent outfall, multiple unplanned settlements and industrial/commercial establishments. More than 70 percent of the residents of the city live in unplanned settlements with no access to proper sanitary and waste management infrastructure. Many of these settlements are established alongside the rivers and its tributaries. Wastes from these areas are likely a major cause of pollution in the river eventually reaching coastal areas, particularly taking into consideration that only 15 percent of the population of the city has access to a sewerage system.  Additional sources of pollutants include derivatives from urban agriculture and animal grazing which are common in the city. A survey of the Msimbazi River reported a high Biological Oxygen Demand and dissolved oxygen levels close to anoxia (as low as 0.9 mg/l). Accordingly, aquatic life in parts of the rivers close to Dar es Salaam Harbour may not even be present. Aquatic invertebrates in the river reflect stressed conditions with a high prevalence of pollution tolerant species. Heavy metal and pesticides residues are present at high concentrations within the system and have been correlated to growth impairment and physical deformities of the aquatic biota.","Mbuligwe and Kaseva, 2005; Kruitwagen et al. 2008","Hypoxic","Yes"]
[875,"Bahia Blanca ","Argentina",-38.862433,-62.219939,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Bahia Blanca is a shallow tidal estuary with an extension of over 2300 square kilometers and formed by a series of tidal channels, islands, tidal flats and marshes. The inner zone of the estuary is characterized by high turbidity from fine sediments and by elevated organic matter content. Freshwater input largely consist of the Sauce Chico and Naposta Grande Rivers with several smaller and ephemeral streams contributing to a lesser degree. A series of surveys aimed to identify different physico-chemical and biological parameters (e.g. chlorophyll-a) indicate that the inner zone of the estuary is eutrophic. This seems to be particularly the case on the main channel of the estuary. The elevated nutrient concentration is considered to be the result of high anthropogenic activity. The area has significant urban and industrial development being an important natural harbour in the region. Shipping, dredging and dumping of waste loads are common in the area. Seasonal phytoplankton blooms are common in the estuary. Oxygen conditions are generally good which could be the result of regional wind patterns and a well-mixed water column.  ","Popovich and Marcovecchio, 2008; Guinder et al. 2009","Eutrophic","No"]
[876,"Samborombon Bay","Argentina",-36.046314,-57.170967,1990,null,"Opportunistic polychaetes present in areas close to the harbour (resulting from organic pollution)",null,"Samborombon bay is a brackish system with an extension of 150 km located in the (outer) southern bank of La Plata River estuary. The bay is composed (and influenced) by a series of rivers (La Plata, Samborombon, Salado), streams, channels, and small lakes. Nutrient concentrations have long been known to be high in the area. A recent survey of nutrient concentrations found highly eutrophic (hypereutrophic) conditions in all stations sampled, including rivers/streams and the estuarine habitat of the bay. Additionally, organic matter concentration in sediments has been reported to be high, particularly close to the harbour. Similarly, organic and oil-related pollution are considered to be an issue in areas close to the harbour, with a study on benthic organisms indicating an extremely low diversity dominated by stress-tolerant opportunistic polychaete species. The presence of these species is considered to reflect elevated levels of organic pollution.","Ieno and Bastida, 1998; Schenone, 2008","Eutrophic"]
[877,"Gulf of Oman (Strait of Hormuz)","Oman",25.668286,56.311411,2000,null,"Coral community affected by HAB. The impact has been reported to be similar to coral bleaching.","Traditional fishing industry impacted by HABs in the area","The Gulf of Oman is located in the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula. The Strait of Hormuz connects the Gulf of Oman with the Arabian Gulf. During 2008-2009, there was a significant harmful algal bloom (HAB) event in the Gulf of Oman and the Strait of Hormuz (expansion > 500 square kilometerss) attributed to the dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoide. The event lasted for more than eight months and caused massive fish mortality (thousands of tons) affecting the fishing industry, damaging coral reefs, and having a detrimental impact on local tourism. Desalination plants in the area were forced to shut down. Effects on the coral structure were rapid and severe resembling impacts caused by coral bleaching. Analyses of physical and biological parameters at the time of the bloom indicated high chlorophyll-a concentrations (503.25 mg/l) in surface water and low (hypoxic) dissolved oxygen levels (1.41 mg/l) in the hypolimnium. Although the exact causes of the bloom are not entirely understood, a combination of eutrophication, climate change, ballast (species) transport, and low-flushing rates characterizing the Persian Gulf, may all be partially responsible for the event. Recent reports (as of 2010) have indicated new HABs in the area causing fish-kills and affecting coastal localities along the Iranian coast and the United Arab Emirates.","Bauman et al. 2010; Richlen et al. 2010","Eutrophic","Yes"]
[878,"Palmones River Estuary","Spain",36.173583,-5.433786,1990,null,"Benthos affected from organic pollution particularly in confined areas","Shellfish species in decline","The Palmones River Estuary is located in a small catchment (302 square kilometers) located close to the port-city of Algeciras with high population and a mixture of agricultural, urban and industrial land uses. The estuary is characterized by it shallowness and the river eventually empties into Algeciras Bay. Eutrophication symptoms in the estuary have been observed since the early 1990’s and are caused by high phosphorous concentrations. Traditionally, the main sources of nutrients have been urban and industrial activities including large amounts of organic sewage from nearby towns and waste effluents from both a paper mill and nearby industrial park. The effects of high nutrient concentration are likely exacerbated by reduced water exchange with Algeciras Bay caused by sediment accumulation in the river mouth. Sedimentation was partly associated to the renewal of a neighboring beach while water flow may depend on an upstream dam and weather conditions. In 1992, urban centers and the paper mill installed treatment plants to limit the amount of the nutrients entering the estuary. Even so, more recent reports indicate the system is still highly eutrophic (hypereutrophic) likely resulting from the synergistic effects of partially treated sewage, catchment-derived nutrients, long water renewal time, weather conditions, and the presence of a reservoir upstream of the Palmones. Studies looking at the macroinvertebrate community in the estuary (c. 1999) found that areas with long water renewal times were more acutely affected by organic pollution. Primary production patterns have also been affected by a shift from sea grass meadows to the dominance of phytoplankton and fast-growing macroalgae thriving thanks to their ability to rapidly uptake and store excess nutrients. Shellfish species of economic importance have diminished or may have even disappeared.","Estacio et al, 1999; Palomo et al, 2004; Aviles and Niell 2007; Munoz and Niell, 2009; Palomo and Niell, 2009","Eutrophic"]
[879,"La Albufera de Valencia","Spain",39.336669,-0.353594,1960,null,"Benthic composition modified ","Native fish species may have been displaced due to trophic status","La Albufera de Valencia (surface area = 22.3 square kilometers) is a coastal lagoon south of Valencia and about 7.5 Kilometers from the Turia River mouth. The lagoon is renowned for its natural beauty and ecological importance being an “international important wetland” under the Ramsar Convention. The lagoon is surrounded by marshlands mainly used for agricultural practices (rice fields and orchards) in addition to a number of resorts. Urbanization and industrialization of the catchment has been fast and progressive during the last 50 years and is considered to be the main cause of water quality problems in the lagoon by contributing to an excessive amount of nutrients and organic matter. The system receives untreated sewage water from urban sources as well as treated sewage from treatment plants. During rains highly polluted sewage enters the system through gutters. The shift from an oligotrophic to a eutrophic system (eventually leading to hypereutrophication) began in the 1960s as indicated by the disappearance of the original macrophyte-submerged vegetation of the lagoon. The system became turbid and algal dominated. Restoration efforts in 1991 aimed to mitigate the amount of nutrients entering the system by diversion of sewage effluents. Even so, hypereutrophic conditions are still observed and inputs deriving from agriculture remain untreated. Blue-green algal blooms fuelled by excessive nutrients are common in the system. Low oxygen levels have also been reported and associated with the high productivity of the system. The pelagic and benthic faunal assemblages have also experienced modifications associated with the trophic level with the disappearance of some native fish species.","Villena and Romo, 2003; Soria 2006","Eutrophic"]
[880,"Alfacs Bay (Ebro Delta)","Spain",40.609369,0.667864,1970,null,"Cultured mussel mortality","Mortality of wild fish and cultured fish","Alfacs Bay is a shallow (average depth = 3.13 m) semi-enclosed system located in the NE coast of Spain (Catalonia) and part of the Ebro deltaic system.  The system has a surface area of 49 square kilometers and is separated from the sea by a sand barrier. Along with the neighboring El Fangar Bay, Alfacs is one of the most important aquaculture centers along the NE coast of Spain with a considerable fish and shellfish farming industry. The bay receives a considerable amount of nutrients and organic matter from freshwater inputs (mainly agricultural) deriving from the Ebro delta. Nitrogen groundwater inputs from the delta aquifers are also an important factor affecting the nutrient loading of the bay. The main anthropogenic influence in the Ebro Delta is intensive agriculture, accounting for 65% of the total surface area and consisting mainly of rice fields. Additionally, the delta is subject to urban and industrial discharges. Elevated nutrient concentrations along with benthic nutrient remineralization are considered to fuel consistent and increasingly frequent Harmful Algal Bloom (HABs) and a monitoring programme has been in place since 1989. HABs species occurring within the bay are responsible for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP), Diarrethic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), and are toxic to the fish fauna of the bay causing fish-kill events. Fish mortality in culture ponds as well as mortality of cultured mussel and wild fish fauna has been associated with certain HABs species.","Vila et al, 2001; Quijano-Scheggia et al, 2008; Loureiro et al, 2009; Llebot et al, 2010","Eutrophic"]
[881,"El Fangar Bay (Ebro Delta)","Spain",40.772808,0.750922,1970,null,"Cultured mussel mortality","HABs are toxic to fish fauna within the bay","El Fangar Bay is a semi-enclosed system part of the Ebro Delta and located north of Alfacs Bay. The bay is separated from the sea by a sand bar. Along with Alfacs Bay, El Fangar is one of the most important aquaculture centers along the NE coast of Spain with a considerable fish and shellfish farming industry. The bay receives a considerable amount of nutrients and organic matter from freshwater inputs (mainly agricultural) deriving from the Ebro delta. The main anthropogenic influence in the Ebro Delta is intensive agriculture, accounting for 65% of the total surface area and consisting mainly of rice fields. Elevated nutrient concentrations along with benthic nutrient remineralization are considered to fuel consistent and increasingly frequent Harmful Algal Bloom (HABs) in the bay and a monitoring programme has been in place since 1989. HABs species occurring within the bay have the potential to result in Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP), Diarrethic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), and are toxic to the both cultured marine products and wild fish of the bay. In 2003, high temperatures and elevated nutrient loading resulted in HABs causing damages to the mussel industry. In general, HABs duration and effects seem to be less severe than in the neighboring Alfacs Bay, perhaps as a result of the smaller dimension of the system and effect of water exchange with the sea.","Vila et al, 2001; Raaijmakers, R, 2006; Quijano-Scheggia et al, 2008 ","Eutrophic"]
[882,"Tancada Lagoon (Ebro Delta)","Spain",40.649453,0.739556,1970,{"$nulls":3},"Tancada Lagoon is a small (surface area = 1.8 square kilometers) enclosed system part of the Ebro deltaic system. The shallow lagoon communicates with the adjacent Alfacs Bay through a number of small channels and receives a considerable amount of nutrients and organic matter from freshwater inputs (mainly agricultural) deriving from the Ebro delta. The main anthropogenic influence in the Ebro Delta is intensive agriculture, accounting for 65% of the total surface area and consisting mainly of rice fields. The vegetation of Tancada Lagoon experienced a number of changes between the early 1990’s and the year 2000 believed to be associated with variations in nutrient inputs and confinement from the sea. There has been a shift from the dominance of submerged rooted macrophytes to blooms of floating macroalgae. A high concentration of ammonia deriving from nitrogen has been correlated to the abundance of certain macroalgal species. Spring and summer proliferation of ephemeral macrophytes is common in the system. The vegetation of the system is considered to reflect conditions typical of eutrophic Mediterranean coastal lagoons.","Menendez and Comin, 2000; Menendez, 2009. ","Eutrophic"]
[883,"L'Encanyissada Lagoon (Ebro Delta)","Spain",40.649944,0.666578,1970,null,null,"Decline in commercial fish stock during the late 70s - early 80s","L’Encanyssada (surface area = 5.5 square kilometers) is one of the shallow coastal lagoons comprising the lower Ebro deltaic system. The lagoon communicates seasonally with the adjacent Alfacs Bay through a small channel. During the 1970s, the lagoon received a considerable amount of nutrients and organic matter from freshwater inputs (mainly agricultural) deriving from the Ebro delta. The main anthropogenic influence in the Ebro Delta is intensive agriculture, accounting for 65% of the total surface area and consisting mainly of rice fields. Eutrophication in the lagoon resulted in drastic changes in aquatic vegetation assemblages within the system. Submerged macrophyte cover disappeared by the late 1970s and the lagoon became a turbid system dominated by phytoplanktonic species.  At the time, reductions in stocks of commercial fish species and aquatic birds were reported. A number of ex-situ experiments demonstrated that high levels of nitrogen in the form ammonia - correspondent with substantial increases in phytoplankton abundance - drastically reduced the growth of the macrophyte species native to the lagoon. A number of restoration efforts were implemented in the early 1990s to address the eutrophication problem within the lagoon. Efforts included reduction of incoming agricultural inputs during rice growing season, use of freshwater directly from the Ebro River, etc. The latest reports indicate the original macrophyte vegetation has recovered by 100%, a clear indicator of the effectiveness of the measures taken.   ","Fores et al, 2002; Montes, C, et al, 2007","Improved"]
[884,"S'Albufera Outlet (Alcudia Bay)","Spain",39.801053,3.120644,2000,{"$nulls":3},"S’Albufera is a relative large coastal marsh (area = 24 square kilometers) located in the NE of Mallorca Island and separated by the sea by a long sand bar. The marsh has been designated as a natural park due to its ecological importance. Here, an extensive network of drainage ditches join in a single canal emptying nutrient-rich waters into Alcudia Bay. The marsh has a long history of anthropogenic influence dating back to the second half of the nineteen century. The marsh receives considerable runoff inputs during storm events and has a semi-continuous input of wastewater. Urbanization and touristic developments are common in the region, but agricultural sources are considered to be the main cause of eutrophication in the canal. Additionally, sporadic sewage discharge may also be responsible for high nutrient inputs. High levels of nitrates have been observed in the canal decreasing in a longitudinal gradient from the inner canal to the sea. Conditions in Alcudia Bay are oligotrophic and eutrophication seems to be limited to the outlet canal and adjacent areas. Phytoplankton blooms have been reported at certain times of the year in the channel while dissolved oxygen values ranging from 3.2 mg/l to 15.6 mg/l have been recorded. The low range oxygen values might be indicative of the presence of biological stress.","Puigserver et al, 2002","Eutrophic"]
[885,"Andraxt Harbour ","Spain",39.544078,2.3816,2000,{"$nulls":3},"Andratx Harbour is a narrow bay located in the SW of Mallorca Island. The bay is subject to strong anthropogenic influence being a large leisure harbour and a fishing port. Urban areas also expand along its coast. The system is not influenced by riverine discharge with the only freshwater inputs being a number of ephemeral streams dependent on rain events. These streams along with urban sewage are considered to be the main source of allochtonous nutrients in the system. In the majority of the harbour conditions tend to be oligotrophic indicating a general good condition. However, chlorophyll-a levels and turbidity tend to be higher in enclosed areas of the inner harbour. Here, nuisance phytoplankton blooms (red tides) have been observed. Even so, the exact causes of nuisance blooms are still not widely understood and are only hypothesized to reflect symptoms of eutrophication. In general, phytoplankton blooms are confined to enclosed places in the inner harbour. Relatively low (3.7 mg/l) dissolved oxygen concentrations have been recorded in the harbour although no specific spatial patterns were reported. According to the European Commission on Environment the area is considered to be sensitive to nutrient pollution and requires an official designation.  ","Puigserver et al, 2002","Eutrophic"]
[886,"Bedford Basin","Canada",44.696353,-63.640811,1990,{"$nulls":3},"Bedford Basin is a coastal embayment communicating with the Atlantic Ocean through Halifax harbour. The embayment is considered to be eutrophic receiving 5.6 million gallons per day of primary municipal sewage from neighboring Bedford and Sackville. Additionally, nutrient loading within the system may be affected by untreated sewage advection from the adjacent Halifax Harbour. Water exchange with the Atlantic has been considered as appropriate, but nevertheless eutrophic conditions seem to prevail. Phytoplankton (dinoflagellates) blooms have been reported in the area during summer. Recent data based on a long-term monitoring program indicates that oxygen levels in bottom waters tend to be low in the embayment and below the limits of local guidelines (7 mg/l), but are relatively high in surface waters. Low oxygen conditions are likely the result of the geomorphology of Bedford Basin. Also, phytoplankton activity inferred from chlorophyll fluorescence indicates a consistent moderate to high activity. Contemporary data on fecal coliform bacteria concentration suggest elevated levels within the basin above the recommended for shellfishing in several stations. Analysis of long-term trends indicates a strong inter-decadal relationship between nitrogen and chlorophyll, suggesting cultural eutrophication.","Pan and Rao, 1997; Punshon and Moore, 2004; Li et al, 2010; Halifax Harbour Water Quality Monitoring Program, 2010;","Eutrophic"]
[887,"Halifax Harbour","Canada",44.646586,-63.559733,1980,null,"Benthic community has experienced changes correlated with organic pollution","Fish-kills during summer have been reported","Halifax Harbour is a coastal system in the Canadian Atlantic coast communicating with the adjacent Bedford Basin through a 400 meters wide channel (Halifax Narrows). The system is subject to strong anthropogenic influence by the large urban centers surrounding it and served as a natural and practical recipient of urban wastes for many years. Urban effluents come primarily from domestic sources in the cities of Halifax and Dartmouth and are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter. Additionally, nutrient loading within the system may be affected by primary municipal sewage entering Bedford Basin from neighboring Bedford and Sackville. A number of water treatment plants have been established in urban centers across the region in order to mitigate the effects of sewage pollution. Recently, failure of the Halifax treatment plant resulted in high levels of fecal coliforms in the Inner Harbour. Elevated levels have also been recorded in other parts of the harbour resulting in certain areas not being suitable for shellfishing and swimming according to local standards. Phytoplankton activity inferred from chlorophyll fluorescence indicates a consistent moderate to high activity. Phytoplankton blooms and fish-kill events have be observed in areas of the harbour during summer. Contemporary evidence suggests phytoplankton blooms after spring result from enhanced nutrient loading with anthropogenic origins. Studies looking at benthic organisms (foraminifera) suggest a shift to species tolerant of organic pollution along increasing urban growth in the region. Efficient water exchange with the Atlantic Ocean may alleviate eutrophic symptoms within the harbour.","Punshon and Moore, 2004; Li et al, 2010; Halifax Harbour Water Quality Monitoring Program, 2010;","Eutrophic"]
[888,"St. John's Harbour","Canada",47.563394,-52.701406,1970,{"$nulls":3},"St. John’s Harbour is an enclosed embayment in the southeast coast of Newfoundland serving as an important commercial center within the region. The harbour is heavily influence by the city of St. John having received untreated sewage from the city for decades. By the year 2003, an estimated 120 million liters of raw sewage and stormwater entered the harbour from St. John’s sewerage system. In addition, during rainfall events the amount of sewage and wastewater entering the harbour increased 4 to 5 fold. The first indicative records of organic pollution are from a study during 1969-1970 comparing St. John’s harbour to a similar coastal system unaffected by sewage inputs. The annual phytoplankton standing crop was found to be three times higher than the unpolluted harbour while low oxygen levels were observed and correlated with phytoplankton blooms during summer months. This was particularly the case in the central basin. Recent studies found high concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria (deriving from sewage) with the presence of some species harmful to humans when in contact with the harbour’s water. Ammonia is considerably high and might cause stress to aquatic organisms while phosphorous levels are also elevated and promote the growth of nuisance algae. Oxygen levels were also reported to be low in areas adjacent to sewage outfalls. During the last decade there has been an ongoing effort to improve conditions by the implementation of water treatment plants and additional measures. Accordingly, conditions in the system may have improved recently.","Parsons and Payne, 2002; City of St. John’s, 2003; Patel and Payne, 2004; Frecker and Davis, 2007","Eutrophic"]
[889,"Patong Bay (Phuket Island)","Thailand",7.9009,98.285531,1980,null,"Decrease in coral cover","Reductions in fish species diversity","Patong Bay is located in the Adaman Sea on the west coast of Phuket Island (SW Thailand). The region is a major touristic destination and has experienced considerable growth since the 1980s. In the year 2007, approximately 5 million tourist visited Phuket. Poor water quality issues in Patong Bay have been reported since the 1980s. There are several nutrient sources in Patong Bay including point and non-point sources.  In general, nutrient concentrations show seasonal variability with a clear correlation between the monsoon season and increased nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations. Direct sewage discharges into the bay are numerous and include Pak Bang Canal located south of Patong Beach. A sewage treatment plant partially treats some wastewater discharged into the Canal, but by the year 2005 it was reported to be at full capacity and half of the sewage deriving from urban centers was directly discharged into the Canal with no treatment. One survey (c. 2007) found elevated nutrient concentrations with nitrates and phosphates exceeding the guidelines given by ASEAN Marine Water Quality Criteria (2008). Elevated nutrient concentrations during 2007 were associated with frequent algal blooms in the bay. Additionally, fecal bacteria concentrations are also considered to be elevated. Reports also associate degraded water quality with reductions in coral reef cover and fish species diversity. Nutrient concentrations and algal blooms have been associated with reductions in oxygen levels close to the threshold marking biological stress. Clearly, degradation of water quality in the area is a direct threat to the local tourism industry as complaints about poor coastal water quality and degraded coral reefs have increased.","Calgaro et al, 2009; Reopanichkul et al, 2010","Eutrophic"]
[890,"Western Florida Bay (FKNMS)","US-Florida",24.799022,-81.006311,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Florida Keys are a chain of small islands located in sub-tropical waters south of the Florida Peninsula. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) is a protected area under US legislation consisting of > 2,800 nautical miles of islands, coastline and coral reefs. A large scale water quality monitoring program involving different participants has been in place in the FKNMS since the mid 1990’s. The FKNMS Water Quality Monitoring Project uses a spatial approach dividing the region into different areas based on regional water circulation patterns. In general, nutrient sources in the FKNMS are complex and diverse involving the interaction of different factors. Major freshwater sources in the FKNMS consist of the Shark River Slough system on Florida’s SW coast and the Taylor Slough/C-111 Basin in eastern Florida Bay. Additionally, nutrient loading in the region is largely affected by regional/local water circulation patterns, external marine inputs (e.g. Gulf of Mexico), and climatic phenomena. Water quality criteria in the FKNMS include organic carbon, nitrogen (e.g. TN, DIN), phosphorus (e.g. TP), chlorophyll-a, turbidity, etc. At a coarse scale, the FKNMS can be considered to have fair water quality. However, water quality in the FKNMS is best assessed at a finer spatial scale due to the range of factors and local conditions that have the potential to affect it. In general, phosphorus seems to be the limiting nutrient in most of the FKNMS. Phosphorus sources seem to be land-based with additional inputs from southward transport of coastal waters above Cape Romano. A common trend observed in several parts of the FKNMS are higher nitrate concentrations close to the shore suggesting anthropogenic sources. In terms of dissolved oxygen, the FKNMS exhibits a 15 year negative trend although median values do not indicate periodic hypoxia. Western Florida Bay is heavily influenced by water transported from Florida Bay, Shark River Slough, and the SW Florida Shelf. Contemporary data suggest that in comparison to other areas composing the FKNMS, the Western Florida Bay has a significantly higher nutrient concentration (silicates, phosphorus, total organic carbon) only surpassed by areas of the Lower Keys (Gulf-side), but with particularly low readily available dissolved inorganic nutrients. Total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen values are among the highest in most of the FKNMS and are considered to derive from both the SW Florida Shelf and Florida Bay. Nutrient concentrations in the Western Florida Bay are likely to have terrestrial origins and/or are associated to the advection of water from the SW Florida Shelf and Florida Bay. High silicate concentrations were detected in areas characterized by dense seagrass meadows and hence benthic fluxes might be responsible for the high values recorded.  Phosphorous, chlorophyll-a and turbidity values show distinct N to S gradients in the area with turbidity being highest close to the shore. An investigative field survey (c. 1993) found evidence of hypoxia (< 5 mg/l DO) at two sites in this part of the Lower Keys at Patch Reef (Lat 24.622 Lon -81.402) and Looe Key (Lat 24 32.906 Lon -81 23.845). Low oxygen values were observed after rainfall events and were attributed to the discharge of nutrient-laden stormwater and wastewater runoff. Recent data from the FKNMS Monitoring Project shows only one hypoxic recording at West Honda Bay during the summer of 2002.","Boyer and Jones, 2002; Boyer and Briceño, 2009","Eutrophic"]
[891,"Lower Keys (Gulf-side) (FKNMS)","US-Florida",24.715936,-81.539614,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Florida Keys are a chain of small islands located in sub-tropical waters south of the Florida Peninsula. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) is a protected area under US legislation consisting of > 2,800 nautical miles of islands, coastline and coral reefs. A large scale water quality monitoring program involving different participants has been in place in the FKNMS since the mid 1990’s. The FKNMS Water Quality Monitoring Project uses a spatial approach dividing the region into different areas based on regional water circulation patterns. In general, nutrient sources in the FKNMS are complex and diverse involving the interaction of different factors. Major freshwater sources in the FKNMS consist of the Shark River Slough system on Florida’s SW coast and the Taylor Slough/C-111 Basin in eastern Florida Bay. Additionally, nutrient loading in the region is largely affected by regional/local water circulation patterns, external marine inputs (e.g. Gulf of Mexico), and climatic phenomena. Water quality criteria in the FKNMS include organic carbon, nitrogen (e.g. TN, DIN), phosphorus (e.g. TP), chlorophyll-a, turbidity, etc. At a coarse scale, the FKNMS can be considered to have fair water quality. However, water quality in the FKNMS is best assessed at a finer spatial scale due to the range of factors and local conditions that have the potential to affect it. In general, phosphorus seems to be the limiting nutrient in most of the FKNMS. Phosphorus sources seem to be land-based with additional inputs from southward transport of coastal waters above Cape Romano. A common trend observed in several parts of the FKNMS are higher nitrate concentrations close to the shore suggesting anthropogenic sources. In terms of dissolved oxygen, the FKNMS exhibits a 15 year negative trend although median values do not indicate periodic hypoxia. The Lower Keys are divided in the FKNMS spatial framework into two distinct segments, one comprising the Gulf-side (northern) part of the Lower Keys and one representing the Atlantic-side (southern) portion of the keys. The Lower Keys (Gulf-side) are characterized by shallow waters with an important influence from the SW Florida Shelf. Long-term monitoring data suggest that this part of the Lower Keys exhibits the highest nutrient concentration in all FKNMS. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon are particularly high in comparison to all other areas comprising the FKNMS. Here, nutrients transported from the SW Shelf and benthic fluxes are probably more important than anthropogenic influence. Nitrate concentrations in surface waters showed a decline during the last 15 years, but nevertheless remain high. Similarly, ammonia concentrations in the area are considered to be elevated. Local nitrate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen sources may include seepage from septic tanks and stormwater runoff from Big Pine Key, but other areas with no anthropogenic elements also show high nitrate concentrations. Due it to its shallowness (mean depth = 0.5 m) and hydraulic isolation from both the SW Shelf and Atlantic, parts of the Lower Keys have a long water renewal time which might lead to nutrient retention. Similarly, benthic processes and subsequent fluxes into the water column might contribute to the concentration of nitrogen in the Lower Keys and other parts of the FKNMS. Phosphorous, chlorophyll-a and turbidity values show N to S gradients in the area with turbidity being highest close to the shore. Prior to the establishment of the FKNMS, an investigative field survey (c.1993) found evidence of hypoxia (< 5 mg/l DO) in this part of the Lower Keys at Port Pine canal (Lat 24.728 Lon -81.41) and Pine Channel (Lat 24.702 Lon -81.414). At these sites, low oxygen conditions were observed after rainfall events and were attributed to the discharge of nutrient-laden stormwater and wastewater runoff. Reportedly, there was evidence of biota mortality at the sea bottom. Data corresponding to the FKNMS management timeframe indicates several hypoxic readings at different points. Most hypoxic recordings in the FKNMS are concentrated in this area.  ","Boyer and Jones, 2002; Boyer and Briceño, 2010","Eutrophic"]
[892,"Lower Keys (Atlantic-side) (FKNMS)","US-Florida",24.549794,-81.458856,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Florida Keys are a chain of small islands located in sub-tropical waters south of the Florida Peninsula. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) is a protected area under US legislation consisting of > 2,800 nautical miles of islands, coastline and coral reefs. A large scale water quality monitoring program involving different participants has been in place in the FKNMS since the mid 1990’s. The FKNMS Water Quality Monitoring Project uses a spatial approach dividing the region into different areas based on regional water circulation patterns. In general, nutrient sources in the FKNMS are complex and diverse involving the interaction of different factors. Major freshwater sources in the FKNMS consist of the Shark River Slough system on Florida’s SW coast and the Taylor Slough/C-111 Basin in eastern Florida Bay. Additionally, nutrient loading in the region is largely affected by regional/local water circulation patterns, external marine inputs (e.g. Gulf of Mexico), and climatic phenomena. Water quality criteria in the FKNMS include organic carbon, nitrogen (e.g. TN, DIN), phosphorus (e.g. TP), chlorophyll-a, turbidity, etc. At a coarse scale, the FKNMS can be considered to have fair water quality. However, water quality in the FKNMS is best assessed at a finer spatial scale due to the range of factors and local conditions that have the potential to affect it. In general, phosphorus seems to be the limiting nutrient in most of the FKNMS. Phosphorus sources seem to be land-based with additional inputs from southward transport of coastal waters above Cape Romano. A common trend observed in several parts of the FKNMS are higher nitrate concentrations close to the shore suggesting anthropogenic sources. In terms of dissolved oxygen, the FKNMS exhibits a 15 year negative trend although median values do not indicate periodic hypoxia. The Lower Keys are divided in the FKNMS spatial framework into two distinct segments, one comprising the Gulf-side (northern) part of the Lower Keys and one representing the Atlantic-side (southern) portion of the Keys. The latter is influenced by the Florida Current, and like all ocean-side segments of the FKNMS, by wind and transports from the Hawk Channel. Additionally, concentrations of silicates are considered to derive from transports from the Lower Keys (Gulfside) and the Western Florida Bay. Here, nutrient concentrations are not generally as high as in the Lower Keys (Gulfside) and the Western Florida Bay, but higher than in the Upper Keys.  As with all ocean-side segments of the FKNMS, a common trend is the decrease in values of water quality parameters from inshore stations to offshore stations. This is the case of silicates, phosphorous, organic carbon, turbidity, nitrates and ammonia. Comparison of the spatial distribution of nutrients along inshore-offshore transects in the FKNMS suggest that an anthropogenic source of nitrates and ammonia is present in this part of the Lower Keys. In the case of nitrogen, it is likely that concentrations are diluted with low nutrient waters from the Atlantic Ocean resulting in the inshore-offshore pattern observed. No dissolved oxygen measurements indicating hypoxia (< 5 mg/l DO) have been reported in the Atlantic side of the Lower Keys.","Boyer and Jones, 2002; Boyer and Briceño, 2011","Eutrophic"]
[893,"Middle Keys (FKNMS)","US-Florida",24.946192,-80.499611,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Florida Keys are a chain of small islands located in sub-tropical waters south of the Florida Peninsula. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) is a protected area under US legislation consisting of > 2,800 nautical miles of islands, coastline and coral reefs. A large scale water quality monitoring program involving different participants has been in place in the FKNMS since the mid 1990’s. The FKNMS Water Quality Monitoring Project uses a spatial approach dividing the region into different areas based on regional water circulation patterns. In general, nutrient sources in the FKNMS are complex and diverse involving the interaction of different factors. Major freshwater sources in the FKNMS consist of the Shark River Slough system on Florida’s SW coast and the Taylor Slough/C-111 Basin in eastern Florida Bay. Additionally, nutrient loading in the region is largely affected by regional/local water circulation patterns, external marine inputs (e.g. Gulf of Mexico), and climatic phenomena. Water quality criteria in the FKNMS include organic carbon, nitrogen (e.g. TN, DIN), phosphorus (e.g. TP), chlorophyll-a, turbidity, etc. At a coarse scale, the FKNMS can be considered to have fair water quality. However, water quality in the FKNMS is best assessed at a finer spatial scale due to the range of factors and local conditions that have the potential to affect it. In general, phosphorus seems to be the limiting nutrient in most of the FKNMS. Phosphorus sources seem to be land-based with additional inputs from southward transport of coastal waters above Cape Romano.  A common trend observed in several parts of the FKNMS are higher nitrate concentrations close to the shore suggesting anthropogenic sources. In terms of dissolved oxygen, the FKNMS exhibits a 15 year negative trend although median values do not indicate periodic hypoxia. Water quality in the Middle Keys is primarily influenced by water transported from Florida Bay, and like all Atlantic-side segments of the FKNMS, by wind and transports from the Hawk Channel. Generally, nutrient concentrations in the Middle Keys seem to be higher than those of the neighboring Upper Keys and relatively par with the conditions of the Atlantic Lower Keys. In particular, total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen concentrations at inshore stations were among the highest observed in the whole FKNMS and were attributed to exchange with SW Florida Shelf and Florida Bay. Similarly, turbidity levels at inshore stations are among the highest observed in the FKNMS. Here, a common trend is the decrease of water quality parameters in an inshore-offshore direction. This is the case of silicates, organic carbon, turbidity, and a slight decrease in chlorophyll-a. Concentrations of silicates are considered to derive from transports from the Lower Keys (Gulfside) and the Western Florida Bay. A comparison of the spatial distribution of nutrients along inshore-offshore transects in the FKNMS suggest that an anthropogenic source of nitrates and ammonia is present on the Atlantic side of the Middle Keys. In the case of nitrate, it is likely that concentrations are diluted with low nutrient waters from the Atlantic Ocean resulting in the inshore-offshore pattern observed. Only one recording of dissolved oxygen levels indicating hypoxia (< 5 mg/l DO) has been recorded in the Middle Keys at Long Key (Lat 24.80247 Lon -80.80890) during the summer of 2007. ","Boyer and Jones, 2002; Boyer and Briceño, 2012","Eutrophic"]
[894,"Upper Keys (FKNMS)","US-Florida",25.294911,-80.185136,1990,{"$nulls":3},"The Florida Keys are a chain of small islands located in sub-tropical waters south of the Florida Peninsula. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) is a protected area under US legislation consisting of > 2,800 nautical miles of islands, coastline and coral reefs. A large scale water quality monitoring program involving different participants has been in place in the FKNMS since the mid 1990’s. The FKNMS Water Quality Monitoring Project uses a spatial approach dividing the region into different areas based on regional water circulation patterns. In general, nutrient sources in the FKNMS are complex and diverse involving the interaction of different factors. Major freshwater sources in the FKNMS consist of the Shark River Slough system on Florida’s SW coast and the Taylor Slough/C-111 Basin in eastern Florida Bay. Additionally, nutrient loading in the region is largely affected by regional/local water circulation patterns, external marine inputs (e.g. Gulf of Mexico), and climatic phenomena. Water quality criteria in the FKNMS include organic carbon, nitrogen (e.g. TN, DIN), phosphorus (e.g. TP), chlorophyll-a, turbidity, etc. At a coarse scale, the FKNMS can be considered to have fair water quality. However, water quality in the FKNMS is best assessed at a finer spatial scale due to the range of factors and local conditions that have the potential to affect it. In general, phosphorus seems to be the limiting nutrient in most of the FKNMS. Phosphorus sources seem to be land-based with additional inputs from southward transport of coastal waters above Cape Romano. A common trend observed in several parts of the FKNMS are higher nitrate concentrations close to the shore suggesting anthropogenic sources. In terms of dissolved oxygen, the FKNMS exhibits a 15 year negative trend although median values do not indicate periodic hypoxia. Water quality in the Upper Keys is influenced by the Florida Current frontal eddies and by water transported from Biscayne Bay. Similar to other ocean-side transects in the FKNMS, the Upper Keys are influenced by wind and transports from the Hawk Channel. In comparison to other areas composing the FKNMS, water quality criteria in the Upper Keys can be considered to be superior. Nitrate concentrations are lower than in the Western Florida Bay, Lower Keys and Middle Keys. Ammonia, silicates, chlorophyll-a, and total phosphorus concentrations also rank among the lowest in the FKNMS. In terms of inshore-offshore patterns, total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a values slightly increase in an offshore direction indicating the presence of an offshore source associated with these two parameters. Even so, offshore chlorophyll-a values in the Upper Keys are among the lowest in all FKNMS. Like all Atlantic facing segments, nitrate, ammonia, organic carbon, and turbidity values decrease in an offshore direction. In the case of nitrate and ammonia, there is evidence suggesting an anthropogenic source of in the Upper Keys. In the case of nitrate, it is likely that concentrations are diluted with low nutrient waters from the Atlantic Ocean resulting in the inshore-offshore pattern observed. In the timeframe of the FKNMS management plan dissolved oxygen values indicating hypoxia (< 5 mg/l DO) in the Upper Keys were recorded only twice at Plantation point (Lat 24.95012 Lon -80.56218) and Bowles Bank (Lat 25.49380 Lon -80.15010) during the year 2005. ","Boyer and Jones, 2002; Boyer and Briceño, 2013","Eutrophic"]

{"sheet":"US site check","index":1,"n_rows":462,"n_cols":23,"rows_kept":462,"hidden":true,"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["Original Region","Bricker Region","State","System","WRI List","Site ID","Lat","Long","Hypoxia Condition","Decade","Hypoxia Type","Cause","Trend/Change","Trend","Area","Benthic Response","Fisheries/Other Response","Comment","Reference"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Alabama","Alabama Inner Shelf","Alabama Inner Shelf",16,{"v":30.176719444444444,"d":"30.177"},{"v":-88.10054444444444,"d":"-88.101"},"Documented",1990,null,null,"DO declined from 1980s to 1990s",{"$nulls":4},"Area off Dauphin Island hypoxic","Rabalais et al. 1985, Rabalais 1998, Byrnes et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Alabama","Bon Secour Bay","Bon Secour Bay",16,{"v":30.3,"d":"30.300"},{"v":-87.88,"d":"-87.880"},"Documented",2000,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3}," ","Mortality","Loss of oyster",null,"Rikard et al. 2000"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Alabama","Meaher Park",{"$error":"#N/A"},16,30.667,-87.936,"Documented",2000,{"$nulls":7},"Meaher State Park is a state park located in Spanish Fort, Alabama.  The 1,327-acre (5.37 km2) park is located on an island located at the north end of Mobile Bay and surrounded by wetlands of the Mobile Bay estuary. Hypoxia has been observed here since 2000. ","Mobile Bay NEP 2008"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Alabama","Mobile Bay","Mobile Bay",16,{"v":30.46,"d":"30.460"},{"v":-88,"d":"-88.000"},"Documented",1860,"Seasonal",null,"Some improvement in DO between 1900s and 2000s.","Improved",365,null,"Occasional shoreward migration of hypoxia stressed fish and crustaceans (Jubilees)","May have been hypoxic in 1800s.  Has winter hypoxia.  Stratification a major factor.","Pennock et al. 1994, May, 1973, Loesch 1960, Engle & Summers 1999, Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Alabama","Mobile River",{"$error":"#N/A"},16,30.724,-88.042,"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":7},"The Mobile River is located in southern Alabama in the United States. Formed out of the confluence of the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, the approximately 45-mile-long (72 km) river drains an area of 44,000 sq mi (115,000 km²) of Alabama, with a watershed extending into Mississippi, Georgia, and Tennessee. The Mobile River flows through the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta and reaches Mobile Bay on the Gulf of Mexico just east of downtown Mobile. Low dissolved oxygen levels have been reported here since the 1970s. Eutrophication is attributed to paper mill wastes and other domestic and industrial effluents.  ","Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Alabama","Tensaw River",{"$error":"#N/A"},16,30.703,-87.974,"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":7},"The Tensaw River is a bayou of the Mobile River. It flows alongside to the east, separated from 2 to 5 mi (3 to 8 km) as they flow southward. It reaches Mobile Bay on the Gulf of Mexico 1.8 miles (3 km) east of Mobile, Alabama.  Low dissolved oxygen levels have been reported here since the 1970s. Eutrophication is attributed to paper mill wastes and other domestic and industrial effluents.  \n","Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Alabama","Weeks Bay","Weeks Bay",16,29.786,-84.883,"Documented",1990,"Diel",{"$nulls":5},"Reduced reproduction in Fundulus.","Diel hypoxia ij July","Sanger et al. 2002, Cheek et al. MS"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Alabama","Wolf Bay","Wolf Bay",15,30.335,-87.599,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999, Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["West","Out","Alaska","Ward Cove","Ward Cove",null,55.417,-131.731,"Documented",1950,null,"Point",{"$nulls":4},"Periodic fish kill in 1950s","Related to pulp mill discharge 1954-1997, circulation is pore in cove, DO still low in areas.","Karna 2003"]
["West","West","California","Alamitos Bay","Alamitos Bay",84,33.754,-118.113,"Concern",1990,"Episodic",{"$nulls":3},2,{"$nulls":3},"Rabalais 1998"]
["West","West","California","Anaheim Bay to Balsa Chica","Have as Anaheim Bay",85,33.733,-118.083,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["West","West","California","Azevedo Pond","Azevedo Pond",89,{"v":36.84788888888889,"d":"36.848"},{"v":-121.75491111111111,"d":"-121.755"},"Documented",1990,"Diel",{"$nulls":6},"Diel cycling low DO related to high primary production.","Beck & Bruland 2000"]
["West","West","California","Big Lagoon","Big Lagoon",97,41.174,-124.116,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Collias 1985, Engle et al. 1999"]
["West","West","California","Coyote Creek","Coyote Creek",91,37.467,{"v":-122,"d":"-122.000"},"Documented",1970,"Episodic","Point",null,null,5,null,"Fisherman reported absence of fish and pelagic invertebrates, fish returned after hypoxia ended","Sewage spill","Colern & Oreml 1983"]
["West","West","California","Elkhorn Slough","Elkhorn Slough",89,36.802,-121.792,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",null,"DO improved from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",1.3,{"$nulls":3},"Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, Sanger et al. 2002"]
["West","West","California","Elkhorn Slough, Upper Pond","Was decided this was same as azaveneo pond",89,36.806,-121.785,"Documented",2000,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},0.4,{"$nulls":3},"Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, Sanger et al. 2002"]
["West","West","California","Long Beach Harbor","Long Beach Harbor",85,33.749,-118.221,"Documented",1960,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["West","West","California","Los Angeles Harbor","Los Angeles Harbor",85,{"v":33.74,"d":"33.740"},{"v":-118.23,"d":"-118.230"},"Documented",1950,"Seasonal","Point",null,null," ","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery",null,"Improved from nutrient management","Reish 1955, 2000"]
["West","West","California","Monteray Bay","Have as Monterey",90,{"v":36.79,"d":"36.790"},-121.904,"Documented",2000,"Seasonal","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of anthroprogenic and natural factors.","Okey 2003"]
["West","West","California","Newport Bay","Newport Bay",83,33.622,-117.893,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",null,"DO improved from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",0.8,{"$nulls":3},"Collias 1985, Rabalais 1998"]
["West","West","California","North San Francisco Bay Estuary","North San Francisco Bay Estuary",null,{"v":37.62984,"d":"37.630"},{"v":-122.17635,"d":"-122.176"},"Documented",2000,"Episodic",{"$nulls":5},"Fish Kill","Anoxia develops","Lehman et al. 2004"]
["West","West","California","San Diego Bay","San Diego Bay",81,32.671,-117.141,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},4,{"$nulls":3},"Collias 1985, Rabalais 1998"]
["West","West","California","San Francisco Bay North","Likely combined with North San Francisco Bay Estuary",92,37.863,-122.431,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Collias 1985"]
["West","West","California","San Francisco Bay South","Have as South San Francisco Bay",91,{"v":37.56,"d":"37.560"},-122.178,"Documented",1960,"Seasonal","Point","Recovered from low DO through nutrient management.","Improved",{"$nulls":3},"Hypoxia eliminated with sewage treatment plants","Nichols et al. 1986, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["West","West","California","San Joaquin River","San Joaquin River",92,37.969,-121.372,"Documented",1960,"Episodic","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":3},"High bacterial respiration and nitrification make DO low, stratification is weak.","Salmon migration blocked when DO <6 mg/l","Sewage discharge and nonpoint runoff are sources of organic matter, PP also contributes.  First <2 DO in 1972","Lehman et al. 2004, Bricker et al. 2007, Jassby & VanNieuwenhuyse 2005"]
["West","West","California","Santa Monica Bay","Santa Monica Bay",87,33.935,-118.466,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["West","West","California","Tijuana Estuary","Tijuana Estuary",80,32.559,-117.128,"Documented",2000,"Periodic",null,"DO improved from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",0.1,{"$nulls":3},"Bricker et al. 2007, Sanger et al. 2002"]
["West","West","California","Tomales Bay/Bodega Harbor",{"$error":"#N/A"},94,{"v":38.17,"d":"38.170"},-122.909,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Tomales Bay is a long narrow inlet of the Pacific Ocean in Marin County in northern California in the United States. It is approximately 15 miles (25 km) long and averages nearly 1.0 miles (1.6 km) wide, effectively separating the Point Reyes Peninsula from the mainland of Marin County. It is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) northwest of San Francisco. The bay forms the eastern boundary of Point Reyes National Seashore. On its northern end it opens out onto Bodega Bay, which shelters it from the direct current of the Pacific. Bodega Harbor lies at the head of Bodega Bay. The Tomales Bay is formed along a submerged portion of the San Andreas Fault. Oyster farming is a major industry in the bay, and hillsides east of the bay are dotted by pastures and dairy farms. The bay receives nonpoint source nutrient inputs from riverine sources as well as runoff from the east and west shorelines. Sources of nutrients include runoff from animal waste (dairies and rangelands), failing septic systems, erosion of streambanks and roads, storm drains, and boating activities. Identified water quality impacts include seasonal closure of shellfish beds, high bacterial counts in several swimming areas along tributaries to the bay, and sedimentation of the estuary. Eutrophication has been a concern in the bay since the 1980s.","Collias 1985"]
["West","West","California","Upper Newport Bay","Have as Newport Bay",null,{"v":33.648494444444445,"d":"33.648"},{"v":-117.87849722222222,"d":"-117.878"},"Documented",2000,"Periodic",{"$nulls":6},"Combination of high macroalgal biomass and vertical stratification significantly contributed to low DO. Six hypoxic events in 2005 related to spring neap tidal cycle.","Nezlin et al. 2008"]
["NE","Mid At","Connecticut","Ash Creek","Ash Creek",42,41.143,-73.233,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["NE","Mid At","Connecticut","Burr Creek","Burr Creek",41,41.397,{"v":-72.45,"d":"-72.450"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["NE","Mid At","Connecticut","Connecticut River ","Connecticut River ",41,{"v":41.35,"d":"41.350"},{"v":-72.3,"d":"-72.300"},"Documented",1960,{"$nulls":6},"Fish kill of Alosa up river related to low DO in 1966-1971","Episodic events in tidal freshwater zone","Moss et al. 1976, Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["NE","Mid At","Connecticut","Johnson Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},42,41.166,-73.164,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985",null,null,"this source does not have these sites listed."]
["NE","Mid At","Connecticut","Naugatuck River",{"$error":"#N/A"},42,41.314,-73.081,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985",null,null,"this source does not have these sites listed."]
["NE","Mid At","Connecticut","Pawcatuck River",{"$error":"#N/A"},42,41.323,-71.861,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985",null,null,"this source does not have these sites listed."]
["NE","Mid At","Connecticut","Quinnipiac River",{"$error":"#N/A"},42,41.299,-72.904,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985",null,null,"this source does not have these sites listed."]
["NE","Mid At","Connecticut","Yellow Mill Channel",{"$error":"#N/A"},42,41.164,-73.173,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985",null,null,"this source does not have these sites listed."]
["Mid At","Mid At","Delaware","Bald Eagle Creek","Bald Eagle Creek",47,38.696,{"v":-75.1,"d":"-75.100"},"Documented",2000,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ",null,"Fish kills","Eutrophication and Limited tidal exchange with adjacent body of water","Luther et al. 2004"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Delaware","Blackwater Landing","Blackwater Landing",47,39.084,-75.456,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Sanger et al. 2002"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Delaware","Dead-end canals/Inland bays","Dead-end canals/Inland bays",48,38.518,-75.061,"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3},5,null,null,"Dead-end canals have limited tidal exchange with adjacent body of water","Maxted et al. 1997"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Delaware","Delaware River","Delaware River",47,{"v":39.87,"d":"39.870"},{"v":-75.09,"d":"-75.090"},"Documented",1910,"Seasonal","Point","Recovered from low DO through nutrient management.","Improved"," ",null,"Recovering American shad and striped bass fishery","low DO first recorded in 1915, Improved from nutrient management","Weisberg et al. 1996, Summers et al. 1997, Patrick 1988"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Delaware","Indian River Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},48,38.603,-75.121,"Documented",1980,"Episodic",{"$nulls":6},"Indian River Bay is a body of water in Sussex County, Delaware. It is part of Delaware's inland bay system, along with Little Assawoman Bay and Rehoboth Bay. The bay is connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Indian River Inlet. Indian River Bay is unique among inland bays in that it is a drowned river valley, whereas Delaware's other bays are estuaries built on sand bars. Boating, fishing, shellfishing, and crabbing are among the most common recreational uses of Indian River Bay. In addition, the bay is bordered by several protected environmental areas, including Delaware Seashore State Park, Holts Landing State Park, and the Assawoman Wildlife Area. Agricultural and urban runoff are the major sources of nutrient pollution to the bay. Episodic hypoxia has been observed since the 1980s.\n\n","Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Delaware","Little Assawoman Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},48,38.476,-75.065,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":6},"Fish kills","Little Assawoman Bay separates the barrier island from the Delmarva mainland. It extends north from Maryland into southern Delaware. It is geologically separated from the Assawoman Bay by a narrow strait locally referred to as The Ditch. Eutrophication has been observed here since the 1980s. ","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Delaware","Murderkill River","Murderkill River",null,39.058,-75.397,"Documented",1960,"Seasonal","Point",{"$nulls":5},"Sewage discharge the cause","deWitt & Daiber 1974"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Delaware","Pepper Creek","Pepper Creek",48,38.564,-75.205,"Documented",2000,"Diel",{"$nulls":3}," ",null,"Fish migrate in and out of creek depending on DO","Daily cycle of DO from supersaturated to hypoxic","Tyler 2004, Tyler & Targett 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Delaware","Rehoboth Bay","Rehoboth Bay",48,38.666,-75.104,"Documented",1980,"Episodic",{"$nulls":7},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Alafia River","Alafia River",8,27.858,{"v":-82.38,"d":"-82.380"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Allen Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},8,27.928,-82.746,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Allen's Creek is a typical urban stream located in the city of Clearwater, Florida. The drainage basin is located in the central area of Pinellas County, Florida and includes parts of the cities of Clearwater and Largo. Allen Creek flows into Tampa Bay. Eutrophication has been observed here since the 1980s. In addition, Allen Creek has been listed an impaired waterbody by the USEPA and a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) was issued in 2009 for fecal coliform (an indicator of high organic loadings). Urban runoff is considered the main source of pollution to the creek. ","Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Alligator Alley Canal","Alligator Alley Canal",4,26.105,-81.522,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Alligator Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},8,26.889,-81.052,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Alligator Creek, which is part of a nature park in southwest Florida near Charlotte Harbour, is a tidal creek surrounded by salt marshes and mangrove swamps. Eutrophication has been observed here since the 1980s.","Windsor 1985",{"$nulls":3},"on map, but no text on this."]
["SE","SE","Florida","Amelia River","Amelia River",135,30.675,-81.468,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Apalachee Bay","Apalachee Bay",10,29.935,-84.019,"Documented",1970,"Periodic","Point","Localized hypoxia and anoxia in 1970s attributed to pulp mills in Econfina and Fenholloway Rivers, some DO imporvements from1990s to 2000s.","Improved",61,{"$nulls":3},"Windsor 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, Heck 1976, Livingston 1975"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Apalachicola Bay","Apalachicola Bay",11,29.757,-84.771,"Concern",1990,"Periodic",null,"No hypoxia in 1980s, observed in 1990s, Some improvement in DO in 2000s.","Decline",86,{"$nulls":3},"Lowery 1998, Sanger et al. 2002, Windsor 1985, Bricker et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Aucilla River",{"$error":"#N/A"},10,30.114,-83.981,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"The Aucilla River rises close to Thomasville, Georgia, USA, and passes through the Big Bend region of Florida, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico at Apalachee Bay. The river is 75 mi (121 km) long and has a drainage basin of 747 square miles. Eutrophication has been observed in the river since the 1980s.","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Banana River",{"$error":"#N/A"},137,28.493,-80.617,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"The Banana River is a lagoon that lies between Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island in Brevard County, Florida in the United States. It is part of the Indian River Lagoon system that includes Mosquito Lagoon and Indian River. It connects at its south end to the Indian River; it is the only part of the lagoon system not in the Intracoastal Waterway. It also has an outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via a lock into Port Canaveral. The lagoon includes salt marshes, mangrove swamps, seagrass beds, drift algae, oyster bars, tidal flats, and spoil islands, providing habitats for many marine species. Commercial and recreational activities in the lagoon generate more than US$ 800 million annually for the local economy. The lagoon has suffered from eutrophication since the 1980's.","Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Bayou Chico","Bayou Chico",14,30.404,-87.259,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Summers et al. 1997"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Bayou Marcus Creek","Bayou Marcus Creek",15,30.435,-87.319,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Bear Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},8,27.762,-82.728,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Big Lagoon","Big Lagoon",14,{"v":30.32,"d":"30.320"},-87.355,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Not hypoxic in 1980s, Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Whitledge 1985, Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Big Lostman's Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},3,{"v":25.55,"d":"25.550"},-81.196,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Big Lostman's Bay is located between Chatham Bay and Whitewater Bay within th eEverglades national Park on the southwest coast of Florida. The Everglades are threatened by drainage for agricultural use and subsequently, pollution from agricultural runoff.  ","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Biscayne Bay","Biscayne Bay",138,25.566,-80.216,"Documented",1970,"Seasonal",null,"DO declined from 1990s to 2000s","Decline",2,null,null,"Related to releases of freshwater from canals","Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, Windsor 1985, Leverone 1995"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Caloosahatchee River","Caloosahatchee River",5,26.616,-81.902,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},4,null,null,"<2 mg/l in June 2009 (http://www.news-press.com/article/20090716/GREEN/90715084/1075)","Windsor 1985, Bricker et al. 1997, 2007"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Canal 17","Canal 17",138,26.848,-80.066,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Carpenters Creek/Bayou Texar",{"$error":"#N/A"},14,{"v":30.45,"d":"30.450"},-87.196,"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":7},"Bayou Texar extends northward from Pensacola Bay. The extent of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution and their impacts on algal productivity in Bayou Texar have been under investigation as early as 1971. Carpenter's Creek is considered to be the main source of nutrients to the bayou. Carpenter's Creek, in turn, receives nutrients from wastewater treatment discharges and urban runoff. ","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Cedar Creek","Cedar Creek",136,30.278,{"v":-81.74,"d":"-81.740"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Charlotte Harbor","Charlotte Harbor",6,26.763,-82.128,"Documented",1980,"Episodic","Runoff/Point","DO declined from 1970s to 1990s, than increased to 1970s levels by end of 1990s, declined again in 2000s.",null,90,null,"1980s to 1990s improvement in WQ from nutrient management, 2000s decline in WQ as population expanded.","Associated wet season and stratification, hurricane disturbance resuled in more low DO.","Tomasko et al 2006, Turner et al. 2006, Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Chatham Bay/River",{"$error":"#N/A"},3,{"v":25.69,"d":"25.690"},-81.285,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"The Chatham River estuarine system lies within the Everglades National Park. The Everglades are threatened by drainage for agricultural use and subsequently, pollution from agricultural runoff.  In addition, areas to the north of the Everglades National Park are urbanizing rapidly. Eutrophication has been a concern here since the 1980s.","Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Choctawhatchee Bay","Choctawhatchee Bay",13,30.427,-86.362,"Concern",1980,null,null,"Some improvement in DO between 1990s and 2000s.","Improved",{"$nulls":4},"Lowery 1998, Windsor 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, Engle et al.1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Clowers Creek","Clowers Creek",7,27.274,-82.528,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Cross Bayou Canal","Cross Bayou Canal",8,27.828,-82.743,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Crystal Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},8,28.923,-82.714,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Crystal River",{"$error":"#N/A"},8,{"v":28.9,"d":"28.900"},-82.593,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Deerpoint Lake",{"$error":"#N/A"},12,30.324,{"v":-85.58,"d":"-85.580"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Delaney Creek","Delaney Creek",8,27.943,-82.412,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","East Bay, Pensacola","Did we combine with Pensacola Bay?",14,30.444,-87.018,"Documented",1980,null,"Point","Some improvement in DO between 1980s and 2000s.","Improved",{"$nulls":3},"Improved from nutrient management, municpal and industrial","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","East Holloway Canal","East Holloway Canal",138,26.095,-80.231,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Eau Gallie Harbor",{"$error":"#N/A"},137,28.123,-80.629,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Eau de Gallie Harbor lies to th enorth of Melbourne, Florida, and is part of the Indian River lagoon complex. In the 1970s Eau de Gallie was designated as highly eutrophic as a result of sewage discharges directly to the harbor. ","Whitledge 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Econfina River","Econfina River",10,30.054,-83.912,"Documented",1970,null,null,"Some hypoxia in 1970s, DO improved with effluent control.","Improved",{"$nulls":3},"Winter and summer hypoxia","Windsor 1985, Livingston 1975"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Eleven Mile Creek","Eleven Mile Creek",15,{"v":30.47,"d":"30.470"},-87.367,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Escambia Bay","Escambia Bay",14,30.545,-87.157,"Documented",1960,"Periodic",{"$nulls":5},"Loss of fisheries species, Fish kills",null,"Summers et al. 1997,  Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Everglades GAC Canal","Everglades GAC Canal",4,26.273,-81.729,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Fenholloway River","Fenholloway River",10,29.996,-83.778,"Documented",1970,null,null,"Hypoxia and anoxia in 1970 attributed to pulp mill effluents. DO improved with effluent control.","Improved",{"$nulls":3},"Winter and summer hypoxia and anoxia","Windsor 1985, Livingston 1975"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Florida Bay","Florida Bay",1,{"v":25.04,"d":"25.040"},-80.732,"Documented",2000,"Periodic",null,"Some improvement in DO between 1990s and 2000s but hypoxic events may be more frequent in 2000s.","Decline",{"$nulls":4},"Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, TIEE 2008"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Gordon River","Gordon River",4,26.146,-81.787,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Gulf and West Canals","Gulf and West Canals",137,27.701,-80.695,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Halifax River","Halifax River",136,29.169,-80.997,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Haw Creek","Haw Creek",136,29.396,-81.447,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Hillsboro Canal","Hillsboro Canal",138,26.327,-80.194,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Hillsborough Bay","we had combined these with Tampa Bay--OK to break out...",8,27.834,-82.433,"Documented",1970,"Seasonal",null,"Improved from nutrient management","Improved",null,"Almost complete mortality of benthos in late summer.",null,null,"Santos & Simon 1980, Windsor 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Hillsborough River","we had combined these with Tampa Bay--OK to break out...",8,{"v":27.97,"d":"27.970"},-82.478,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Indian River","Indian River",137,28.111,-80.602,"Documented",2000,"Periodic",null,"Improvement in DO from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",253,{"$nulls":3},"Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Inner Continental Shelf","Inner Continental Shelf",8,{"v":28.216666666666665,"d":"28.217"},{"v":-83.33333333333333,"d":"-83.333"},"Documented",2000,"Episodic",{"$nulls":3},5500,"Mortality of benthos.","Mortality of fishes from combined effects of HAB and low DO.","low DO from HAB (toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis) bloom in August 2005.  Multiple stressors involved in mortalities.","FWRI 2005"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Jones and Jackson Creeks","Jones and Jackson Creeks",14,30.406,-87.257,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Little Aucilla River","Little Aucilla River",10,{"v":30.28,"d":"30.280"},-83.845,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Lofton Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},135,30.578,-81.572,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"can't find","Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Long Bayou","Long Bayou",8,27.826,-82.768,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Looe Key",{"$error":"#N/A"},1,24.557,-81.412,"Documented",1980,"Episodic",null,"General eutrophication affecting WQ, DO conditions worsened from 1990s to 2000s.","Decline",null,"Mortality","Coral mortality","Rainfall events followed by low DO in seagrass and coral reef areas","Lapointe & Matzie 1996, Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Loxahatchee River",{"$error":"#N/A"},137,26.966,-80.124,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"saw not specific mention of this beyond reference on a map. It is part of Biscaye bay witch is already mentioned.","Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Martin Bayou",{"$error":"#N/A"},12,30.163,-85.495,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Matanzas River",{"$error":"#N/A"},136,29.731,-81.249,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"The Matanzas River is actually a narrow estuary bounded by Anastasia Island which shelters it from the Atlantic Ocean. It is roughly 20 miles (32 km) in length and extends from St. Augustine Inlet in St. Augustine, Florida southward to approximately 8 miles (13 km) south of the Matanzas Inlet on the southern tip of Anastasia Island. The river is part of the Intracoastal Waterway. The Matanzas River faces several pollution issues, mostly related to urbanization in St. Augustine and the northern portion of Anastasia Island. Eutrophication has been a concern here since the 1980s.","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Miami Canal","Miami Canal",138,25.831,-80.295,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Mosquito Lagoon",{"$error":"#N/A"},137,28.899,-80.829,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"The Mosquito Lagoon is located on the east central coast of Florida and was once known as the Indian River Lagoon. It is part of a larger lagoon system that includes Indian River and the Banana River. The Kennedy Space Center is located near the lagoon. Mosquito Lagoon has only one direct connction to the Atlantic Ocean at Ponce de Leon Inlet. It has very little fresh water inflow and poor flushing. The lagoon is an important winter refuge for water fowl. Low dissolved oxygen was observed here beginning in the 1980s and eutrophication is a concern.  ","Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Mulatto and Indian Bayous","Mulatto and Indian Bayous",14,30.548,-87.107,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Munson Slough","Munson Slough",10,30.435,-84.154,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Myakka River","Myakka River",6,27.057,-82.303,"Documented",1980,null,"Runoff",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural runoff and swamp drainage","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Naples Bay","Naples Bay",4,26.124,-81.791,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","North and South New River Canals","North and South New River Canals",138,25.953,-80.191,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","North Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},6,{"v":30.26,"d":"30.260"},-85.664,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","North River","North River",135,30.746,-81.535,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Old River","Old River",11,{"v":29.8,"d":"29.800"},{"v":-85.03,"d":"-85.030"},"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Ortega River","Ortega River",136,30.246,{"v":-81.71,"d":"-81.710"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Patch Reef",{"$error":"#N/A"},1,24.622,-81.402,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":4},"Mortality",null,"Rainfall events followed by low DO in seagrass and coral reef areas","Lapointe & Matzie 1996"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Peace River","Peace River",6,27.053,-81.993,"Documented",1980,null,"Runoff/Point","Worse after hurricanes in 2004","Decline",null,null,"Hurricanes worsened hypoxia in 2004","Algal blooms from nutrients and sewage","Windsor 1985, Tomasko et al. 2006, Turner et al. 2006"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Pensacola Bay","Pensacola Bay",14,30.464,-86.965,"Documented",1960,"Seasonal",null,"Some improvement in DO between 1980s and 2000s.","Improved",76,"Reduction in shrimp catch starting in 1960s attributed to multiple stressors including low DO.","Loss of fisheries species, Fish kills",null,"Lowery 1998, Hagy et al. 2006, Windsor 1985, Hagy and Murrell 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Perdido Bay","Perdido Bay",15,30.375,-87.442,"Documented",1960,"Seasonal","Point","DO poor in 1960s, but improved 1970s to 1980s, DO declined from 1990s to 2000s","Decline",64,null,null,"Stratification and industrial effluents highly significant factors, high nutrient loads.","Flemer et al. 1999, Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Perdido River","Perdido River",15,30.509,-87.493,"Documented",1960,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Philippi Creek","Philippi Creek",7,27.327,-82.535,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Pine Channel",{"$error":"#N/A"},1,24.702,-81.414,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":4},"Mortality",null,"Rainfall events followed by low DO in seagrass and coral reef areas","Lapointe & Matzie 1996"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Port Pine",{"$error":"#N/A"},1,24.728,{"v":-81.41,"d":"-81.410"},"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":4},"Mortality",null,"Rainfall events followed by low DO in seagrass and coral reef areas","Lapointe & Matzie 1996"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Pottsburg Creek","Pottsburg Creek",136,30.321,{"v":-81.6,"d":"-81.600"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Ribault River","Ribault River",136,30.397,-81.691,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Rice Creek","Rice Creek",136,29.701,{"v":-81.66,"d":"-81.660"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Rookery Bay ","Have as Rookery bay (not sure why no match showed)",4,{"v":26.05,"d":"26.050"},-81.733,"Documented",1990,null,null,"DO declined from 1990s to 2000s","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"Mangrove","Rabalais 1998, Sanger et al. 2002, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Sarasota Bay ","Sarasota Bay ",7,{"v":27.32,"d":"27.320"},-82.567,"Concern",1980,"Periodic",null,"DO improved from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",33,null,"SAV recovering",null,"Windsor 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Sebastian Creek","Sebastian Creek",137,27.838,-80.499,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Sisters Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},136,30.499,-81.466,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"can't find","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","South Amelia River",{"$error":"#N/A"},135,30.579,-81.463,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"The South Amelia River is joined by Nassau River at a single outlet to the Atlantic Ocean. It lies at the northern edge of the highly urbanized city of Jacksonville, Florida. Bottom waters at the mouth of the river are approach anoxia while surface water DO levels have been known to drop below 4 mg/l.","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","South Relief Canal","South Relief Canal",137,{"v":27.65,"d":"27.650"},{"v":-80.39,"d":"-80.390"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","St. Andrew Bay","St. Andrew Bay",12,30.162,-85.701,"Concern",1970,"Periodic","Point","Hypoxia reduced from nutrient management","Improved",34,null,null,"Improved from nutrient management, municpal and industrial","Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","St. George Sound","St. George Sound",11,29.799,-84.691,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":6},"no DO problem in 1980s","Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999, Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","St. Johns River","St. Johns River",136,{"v":30.5,"d":"30.500"},{"v":-81.5,"d":"-81.500"},"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":5},"Mortality","Mortality, massive fish kills unknow cause, may be multiple stressors",null,"Windsor 1985, Mason 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","St. Joseph Bay","St. Joseph Bay",11,29.794,-85.355,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",null,"Was not hypoxic in 1980s",null," ","Brittlestar migration","Avoidance",null,"Windsor 1985, Leonard & McClintock 1999"]
["SE","SE","Florida","St. Lucie Canal",{"$error":"#N/A"},137,27.094,-80.298,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","St. Lucie River","St. Lucie River",137,{"v":27,"d":"27.000"},{"v":-80.3,"d":"-80.300"},"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3}," ",{"$nulls":3},"Chamberlain & Hayward 1996, Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","St. Marys River","St. Marys River",135,30.751,-81.484,"Documented",1970,null,null,"No significant declining trend in DO from 1960s to 2000s","Decline",null,null,"Anoxia develops in summer",null,"Windsor 1985, Verity et al. 2006"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Suwannee River",{"$error":"#N/A"},9,29.524,-82.973,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Sykes Creek","Sykes Creek",137,28.405,-80.693,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Tampa Bay","Tampa Bay",8,27.741,-82.505,"Documented",1980,"Episodic","Point","Improved conditions for DO from 1980s to 1990s, DO worsened from 1990s to 2000s.","Decline",125,null,"SAV recovering","Improved from nutrient management","Leverone 1995, Lowery 1998, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Ten Thousand Islands North","Ten Thousand Islands North",3,25.724,-81.378,"Documented",2000,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},112,{"$nulls":3},"Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Ten Thousand Islands South",{"$error":"#N/A"},2,25.311,-81.057,"Documented",2000,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},203,{"$nulls":3},"Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Tenmile Creek","Tenmile Creek",137,27.411,-80.351,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Tolomato River",{"$error":"#N/A"},136,29.933,-81.309,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"The Tolomato River is actually a coastal lagoon located on the northeast coast of Florida near Daytona Beach. The Tolomato River has naturally low DO conditions as a result of swamp drainage. However, rapid population growth in the area has enhanced these conditions in the past 20 years. ","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Tomoka River",{"$error":"#N/A"},136,29.326,-81.085,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Empties into Halifax River which is already listed","Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Trout River","Trout River",136,30.396,{"v":-81.66,"d":"-81.660"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Turkey Creek","Turkey Creek",134,30.359,{"v":-82.08,"d":"-82.080"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Useppa Island","Useppa Island",6,26.661,-82.213,"Documented",1948,"Episodic",{"$nulls":5},"Some fish mortality","low DO from HAB (Gymnodinium).","Gunter et al. 1948"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Wakulla River",{"$error":"#N/A"},10,30.175,{"v":-84.24,"d":"-84.240"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Watson Bayou","Watson Bayou",12,30.144,-85.564,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Windsor 1985, Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Weeki Wachee Springs","Weeki Wachee Springs",8,27.544,-82.602,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","West Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},12,30.267,-85.774,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","West Palm Beach Canal","West Palm Beach Canal",138,26.854,{"v":-80.48,"d":"-80.480"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Whitaker Bayou","Whitaker Bayou",7,27.354,-82.548,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Florida","Whitewater Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},2,25.301,{"v":-80.9931,"d":"-80.993"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"1985 paper says it is not eutrophic. ","Windsor 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Florida","Withlacoochee River",{"$error":"#N/A"},8,29.008,-82.388,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Altamaha River",{"$error":"#N/A"},133,31.331,-81.353,"Documented",2000,null,null,"Significant declining trend in DO from 1970s to 2000s","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"Not hypoxic in 1980s.","Stanley 1985, Verity et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Altamaha Sound","Combined with Altamaha River?",132,31.316,-81.302,"Concern",2000,null,"Runoff","Declining trend in DO related to nutrient loadings","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"Declining trend in DO related to nutrient loadings.  Not hypoxic in 1980s.","Stanley 1985, Verity et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Brunswich River","Brunswick River",134,31.116,-81.486,"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":7},"Brunswick River flows through Georgia (U.S.) and outlets to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Brunswick, approximately 30 miles north of Florida. ","Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Brunswick Harbor",{"$error":"#N/A"},134,31.144,-81.498,"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":7},"Brunswick Harbor, or Port of Brunswick, lies on Georgia's Atlantic coast. The Port of Brunswick is one of the nation's most productive ports on the Atlantic coast. The shrimping industry is still important economically, and the port is also a busy automobile port for U.S. auto manufacturers. ","Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Cumberland Sound","Cumberland Sound",135,30.791,-81.487,"Concern",2000,null,null,"Declining trend in DO related to nutrient loadings","Decline",{"$nulls":4},"Stanley 1985, Verity et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Duplin River",{"$error":"#N/A"},132,31.449,-81.287,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":7},"Daily cycle of DO from supersaturated to hypoxic","Frankenberg 1976, Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Ogeechee River",{"$error":"#N/A"},131,31.871,-81.159,"Documented",2000,null,null,"Significant declining trend in DO from 1960s to 2000s","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"Not hypoxic in 1970s","Stanley 1985, Verity et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Ogeechee Sound","Combined with Ogeechee River?",131,31.833,-81.028,"Concern",2000,null,null,"Declining trend in DO related to nutrient loadings","Decline",{"$nulls":4},"Stanley 1985, Verity et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Ossabaw Sound",{"$error":"#N/A"},131,31.833,-81.017,"Documented",1980,null,null,"DO declined from 1990s to 2000s","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"Related to organic matter washing out of swamps and marshes.","Stanley 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Sapelo Island",{"$error":"#N/A"},132,31.415,-81.296,"Documented",2000,"Diel",{"$nulls":6},"Daily cycle of DO from supersaturated to hypoxic","Sanger et al. 2002"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Sapelo Sound","combined w/ sapelo island?",132,31.533,-81.183,"Concern",1990,null,null,"No hypoxia in 1980s, declining trend is DO for 2000s","Decline",{"$nulls":4},"Stanley 1985, Verity et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Satilla River","Satilla River",134,30.964,-81.508,"Documented",2000,null,null,"Significant declining trend in DO from 1960s to 1990s","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"Not hypoxic in 1970s","Stanley 1985, Verity et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Savannah River","Savannah River",130,32.136,-80.938,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",null,"Significant declining trend in DO from 1960s to 2000s","Decline",23,null,null,"Nonpoint sources a factor","Stanley 1985, Verity et al. 2006, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Skidaway River Estuary",{"$error":"#N/A"},131,31.993,{"v":-81.02,"d":"-81.020"},"Concern",1990,null,null,"Declining trend in DO related to nutrient loadings","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"High rate of microbial respiration causes low DO despite strong vertical and horizontal mixing.","Verity et al. 2006, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","St. Andrews Sound",{"$error":"#N/A"},134,{"v":31,"d":"31.000"},-81.417,"Concern",1990,null,null,"No hypoxia in 1980s, declining trend is DO for 2000s","Decline",{"$nulls":4},"Stanley 1985, Verity et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","St. Marys River","St. Marys River",132,30.723,-81.666,"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","Georgia","Turtle River",{"$error":"#N/A"},134,31.198,-81.548,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Stanley 1985"]
["West","Out","Hawaii","O'ahu, Off Southern Shore","O'ahu, Off Southern Shore",null,{"v":21.2883333333333,"d":"21.288"},{"v":-158.006944444444,"d":"-158.007"},"Documented",2000,{"$nulls":5},"Mortality, low species richness and abundance",null,"Fish aquaculture ","Lee et al. 2006"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Amite River","Amite River",19,30.298,{"v":-90.56,"d":"-90.560"},"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},3,"Reduced","Loss of large clams",null,"Penland et al. 2002 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-206/index.html)"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Atchafalaya Bay","have Atchafalaya/Vermillion bay",25,{"v":29.4258,"d":"29.426"},{"v":-91.3147,"d":"-91.315"},"Concern",2000,{"$nulls":7},"Not hypoxic in 1980s, Stratification highly significant factor","Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Balize Delta","Balize Delta",139,{"v":29.398055555555555,"d":"29.398"},{"v":-88.9925,"d":"-88.993"},"Documented",1950,"Episodic",{"$nulls":6},"Low DO present in 1950s based on froam proxies.","Brunner et al. 2006"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Barataria Bay","Barataria Bay",23,29.523,-90.175,"Documented",1950,"Episodic",{"$nulls":3},207,null,null,"Not hypoxic in 1980s.","Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007, Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Blind Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},18,{"v":30.0419,"d":"30.042"},{"v":-89.4317,"d":"-89.432"},"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Breton Sound","Breton Sound",21,{"v":29.5,"d":"29.500"},{"v":-89.25,"d":"-89.250"},"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},570,null,null,"Not hypoxic in 1980s.","Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007, Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Calcasieu Estuary",{"$error":"#N/A"},27,{"v":29.8,"d":"29.800"},-93.341,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Calcasieu Lake","Calcasieu Lake",27,30.022,-93.307,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Some improvement in DO between 1990s and 2000s.","Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Calcasieu Pass/Channel",{"$error":"#N/A"},27,29.795,-93.327,"Concern",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Chandeleur Sound","Chandeleur Sound",21,29.859,-89.026,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":6},"Not hypoxic in 1980s.","Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007, Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Graden Island Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},21,29.037,-89.122,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Grand Bay","Grand Bay",24,29.367,-89.369,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Lake Cataouatche",{"$error":"#N/A"},23,29.838,-90.229,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":6},"Fish kills in Lake Cataouatche",null,"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Lake Penchant",{"$error":"#N/A"},24,29.438,{"v":-90.92,"d":"-90.920"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":6},"Low DO may have caused bass to leave the lake",null,"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Lake Pontchartrain","Lake Pontchartrain",19,{"v":30.1,"d":"30.100"},{"v":-90,"d":"-90.000"},"Documented",1970,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3},421,"Reduced species diversity","Loss of large clams","250 km2 usgs estimate","Abadie & Poirrier 2000, Rabalais et al. 1985, Penland et al. 2002"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Plumes","Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Plumes",139,28.834,{"v":-91.41,"d":"-91.410"},"Documented",1970,"Seasonal","Runoff","Annual hypoxia developed in 1970s, is now the largest hypoxic area in US.","Decline",22000,"Mortality with annual recolonization, Loss of biomass.","Avoidance","Area coincides with historic white and brown shrimp fishing grounds.  Annual hypoxia developed in 1970s, is now the largest hypoxic area in US.  Major events in Mississippi watershed may have lead to low DO prior to 1700s.","Turner & Rabalais 1994,  Justic et al. 1996, Sen Gupta et al. 1996, Rabalais et al. 2007, Rabalais and Turner 2001, Osterman et al. 2007, Craig & Crowder 2005"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Terrebonne Bay","have terrebonne/timbalier bay",24,29.152,{"v":-90.65,"d":"-90.650"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Vermilion Bay","have Atchafalaya/Vermillion bay",25,29.705,-92.021,"Concern",2000,{"$nulls":7},"Not hypoxic in 1980s, Stratification highly significant factor","Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","Wax Lake","Wax Lake",25,29.599,-91.419,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Louisiana","West Hackberry","West Hackberry",27,{"v":29.67,"d":"29.670"},{"v":-93.5,"d":"-93.500"},"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ","Mortality with annual recolonization",null,"Associated with brine seep.","Gaston 1985"]
["NE","NE","Maine","Bass Harbor Marsh","Bass Harbor Marsh",null,{"v":44.25694444444444,"d":"44.257"},{"v":-68.34583333333333,"d":"-68.346"},"Documented",1990,"Diel",{"$nulls":6},"Diel hypoxia driven by macroalgae","Farris & Oviatt 1999"]
["NE","NE","Maine","Great Bay","Great Bay",65,{"v":44.2,"d":"44.200"},{"v":-69.47,"d":"-69.470"},"Concern",2000,null,null,"Evidence of decline in DO.","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"Evidence of decline in DO.","Bricker et al. 2006"]
["NE","NE","Maine","Narraguagus River",{"$error":"#N/A"},62,{"v":44.53,"d":"44.530"},-67.858,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["NE","NE","Maine","Wells Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},71,43.321,{"v":-70.56,"d":"-70.560"},"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Sanger et al. 2002"]
["NE","NE","Maine","Wells Inlet",{"$error":"#N/A"},71,{"v":43.346666666666664,"d":"43.347"},{"v":-70.55388888888889,"d":"-70.554"},"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":6},"Daily cycle of DO from supersaturated to hypoxic, Submerged aquatic vegetation bed","Sanger et al. 2002"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Anacostia River",{"$error":"#N/A"},52,38.854,-77.006,"Eutrophic",1980,"Unknown",{"$nulls":6},"The Anacostia River is a river in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States. It flows from Prince George's County in Maryland into Washington, D.C., where it joins with the Washington Channel to empty into the Potomac River at Buzzard Point. It is approximately 8.4 mi (13.5 km) long. One of the biggest problems facing the Anacostia River is raw sewage that enters the river and its tributaries due to antiquated sewer systems. The sewage creates a public health threat due to fecal coliform bacteria and other pathogens; it also impairs water quality and can create hypoxic conditions that lead to large fish kills.","Whitledge 1985",null,"is this hypoxic?"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Assawoman Bay","Assawoman Bay",49,38.407,-75.089,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":7},"No hypoxia in 1970s","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007, Boynton et al. 1996"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Back River","Back River",59,39.275,-76.454,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Baltimore Harbor","Baltimore Harbor",59,39.283,{"v":-76.61,"d":"-76.610"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Bodkin Creek","Bodkin Creek",59,39.134,-76.436,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Cabin John Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},59,39.464,-75.961,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"urban stream emptying to potomac, will not include","Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Chesapeake Bay Mainstem","Chesapeake Bay Mainstem",59,{"v":38.74,"d":"38.740"},{"v":-76.45,"d":"-76.450"},"Documented",1930,"Seasonal","Runoff/Point","Low DO has increased from 1980 to 2000, area of hypoxia and anoxia has increased.","Decline",2751,"Mortality with annual recoloniazation","Killed crabs in crab pots","Seasonal anoxia detected in sediment record as far back as 1934-1948, Low DO events in the 1800s","Zimmerman & Canual 2000, Newcombe & Horne 1938, Officer et al. 1984, Seliger et al. 1985, Holland et al., 1987, Boesch et al. 2001, Hagy et al. 2004, Kemp et al. 2005"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Chester River","Chester River",56,{"v":39.2,"d":"39.200"},{"v":-76.1,"d":"-76.100"},"Documented",1980,"Periodic",null,"DO declined from 1990s to 2000s","Decline",34,"Mortality with annual recolonization","Avoidance, some mortality","Low DO events occur in June-Aug","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007. CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Chincoteague Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},50,{"v":38.15972222222222,"d":"38.160"},{"v":-75.23138888888889,"d":"-75.231"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Chincoteague Bay is a lagoon between the Atlantic barrier islands of Assateague and Chincoteague and the mainland of Worcester County, Maryland and northern Accomack County, Virginia. At the bay's northern end, where it narrows between Assateague and Sinepuxent Neck, it becomes Sinepuxent Bay; Chincoteague Bay's southern end drains into the Atlantic Ocean via Queen Sound and Chincoteague Inlet. No major river flows into Chincoteague Bay—its largest tributaries are Newport Creek in Worcester County and Swans Gut Creek in Accomack County. The bay is considered to be eutrophic, though no hyoxia has been observed here. Sources of nutrients to the bay include agricultural runoff  and septic systems. ","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007 Case Studies, Boynton et al. 1996"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Choptank River","Choptank River",57,38.655,-76.185,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},69,null,null,"Low DO events occur in June-Sept","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Corsica River","Corsica River",56,39.087,-76.156,"Documented",2000,{"$nulls":6},"Fish kill from combined stress of HAB toxins and low DO",null,"Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Dead-end canals","Dead-end canals",48,{"v":38,"d":"38.000"},{"v":-75.1,"d":"-75.100"},"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3},5,null,null,"Dead-end canals have limited tidal exchange with adjacent body of water","Maxted et al. 1997"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Isle of Wight Bay","Isle of Wight Bay",49,38.367,-75.098,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":7},"No hypoxia in 1970s","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007, Boynton et al. 1996"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Jug Bay","Jug Bay",51,38.768,-76.699,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Sanger et al. 2002"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Magothy","Magothy Rover",59,39.074,-76.474,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Manokin River",{"$error":"#N/A"},58,38.088,-75.922,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"will include with tangier sound","Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Oxon Creek/Run",{"$error":"#N/A"},52,38.817,-77.007,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Oxon Creek is a cove on the Potomac River which straddles the border between Washington, D.C. and Prince George's County, Maryland just north of Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway) at Woodrow Wilson Bridge. The tributary stream is Oxon Run.  It is 2.4 kilometres (1.5 miles) in length and empties into the Potomac at Goose Island (a sand bar often under water) across from the city of Alexandria, Virginia. To the north is the Blue Plains waste water treatment facility that services Washington, D.C. and parts of suburban Maryland. It is the largest wastewater treatment plant in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Eutrophication is has been a concern here since 1980.","Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Patapsco River","Patapsco River",59,{"v":39.2,"d":"39.200"},{"v":-76.5,"d":"-76.500"},"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ",{"$nulls":3},"Riedel et al. 1999, CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Patuxent River","Patuxent River",51,38.385,-76.512,"Documented",1930,"Periodic",null,"DO declined from 1990s to 2000s","Decline",58,"Mortality with annual recolonization","Avoidance, low egg hatching/larval mortality, bay anchovy eggs killed by hypoxia","Duration and spatial extent of low DO has increased from 1930-79. DO declined from 1990s to 2000s.  Indications that hypoxia occurred in 1700s from watershed modifications and wet periods.  Rise in anoxia in 1970s linked to nutrient runoff and wet weather.","Keister et al. 2000, Breitburg et al. 1992, 1997, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, Cronin & Vann 2003"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Piscataway Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},52,38.706,{"v":-77.04,"d":"-77.040"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Port Tobacco River",{"$error":"#N/A"},52,38.442,-77.029,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Potomac River","Potomac River",52,38.396,-77.094,"Documented",1910,"Seasonal",null,"Some imporvement in DO from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",264,"Mortality with annual recoloniazation",null,"low DO in May-Sept; increased spatial coverage of hypoxia","Sale & Skinner 1917, Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Rock Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},51,38.422,{"v":-76.56,"d":"-76.560"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985",null,null,"these are freshwater urban streams draining to potomac…"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Seneca Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},59,39.313,-76.361,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985",null,null,"these are freshwater urban streams draining to potomac…"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Severn River","Severn River",59,39.016,-76.519,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Sinepuxent Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},50,{"v":38.26083333333333,"d":"38.261"},{"v":-75.14,"d":"-75.140"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Sinepuxent Bay is an inland waterway which connects Chincoteague Bay to the Ocean City Inlet in Maryland, U.S. No hypoxia in 1970s","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007, Boynton et al. 1996"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","St. Leonard Creek","St. Leonard Creek",51,{"v":38.42,"d":"38.420"},-76.488,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Summers et al. 1997"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","St. Marys River","St. Marys River",52,38.187,-76.436,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Susquehanna River",{"$error":"#N/A"},59,{"v":39.54,"d":"39.540"},-76.074,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"The Susquehanna River is a river located in the northeastern United States. It is approximately 444 mi (715 km) long and drains an area of 27,500 square miles (71,225 km²), covering nearly half of the land area of Pennsylvania and portions of New York and Maryland. The river empties into the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay, the ria of the Susquehanna, providing half of the freshwater inflow for the entire Chesapeake Bay. In 2003 the river alone contributed 44 percent of the nitrogen, 21 percent of the phosphorus, and 21 percent of the sediment flowing into the Chesapeake Bay. Sources of nutrients include agricultural runoff (manure and fertilizers), urban runoff, and discharges from wastewater treatment plants. \n","Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Maryland","Tangier Sound",{"$error":"#N/A"},58,38.076,-75.994,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Tangier Sound is a bay of the Chesapeake Bay bounded on the west by Tangier Island in Virginia, and Smith Island and South Marsh Island in Maryland, by Deal Island in Maryland on the north, and the mainland of the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Pocomoke Sound on the east. The Manokin river drains into the sound.","Rabalais 1998, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["NE","Mid At","Massachusetts","Acushnet River",{"$error":"#N/A"},38,41.643,-70.919,"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":6},"Fish kill maybe DO related August 1973","The Acushnet River is the largest river flowing into Buzzards Bay in southeastern Massachusetts, U.S.","Whitledge 1985"]
["NE","Mid At","Massachusetts","Buzzards Bay","Buzzards Bay",38,{"v":41.7,"d":"41.700"},{"v":-70.7,"d":"-70.700"},"Documented",1980,"Episodic",{"$nulls":3},3,null,null,"Summer hypoxia","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007, Buzzards Bay NEP 2008"]
["NE","NE","Massachusetts","Cape Cod Bay","Cape Cod Bay",78,41.888,-70.353,"Concern",1990,"Episodic",{"$nulls":3},12,null,null,"Blooms","Whitledge 1985, Rabalais 1998"]
["NE","NE","Massachusetts","Charles River","Charles River",76,{"v":42.38,"d":"42.380"},{"v":-71.04,"d":"-71.040"},"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":7},"Taylor 2000"]
["NE","NE","Massachusetts","Dorchester Bay","Dorchester Bay",76,{"v":42.31,"d":"42.310"},{"v":-71.04,"d":"-71.040"},"Documented",1980,"Episodic","Point","Low DO in 1980s now improved from nutrient management.","Improved"," ",null,null,"Was poor water quality in 1980s. Improved from nutrient management","Maciolek et al. 2005, Diaz et al. 2008"]
["NE","NE","Massachusetts","Fore River",{"$error":"#N/A"},76,{"v":42.24,"d":"42.240"},{"v":-70.96,"d":"-70.960"},"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":7},"Neponset River Watershed Association 2004"]
["NE","NE","Massachusetts","Herring River","Herring River",78,41.925,-70.058,"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ",null,"Fish kills, decline of alewife fishery","Anoxia 1-3 weeks","Portnoy 1991"]
["NE","NE","Massachusetts","Merrimack River","Merrimack River",74,42.819,-70.812,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["NE","Mid At","Massachusetts","New Bedford Harbor","New Bedford Harbor",38,41.608,{"v":-70.9,"d":"-70.900"},"Documented",1930,null,"Point",{"$nulls":3},"Loss of shellfish","Loss of fishes","Low DO may have occurred in 1800s associated with whaling and textile industries, by 1930 WQ poor.","Whitledge 1985, NOAA 2008"]
["NE","Mid At","Massachusetts","Tauton River","Have spelled as Taunton",39,{"v":41.7,"d":"41.700"},-71.183,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["NE","NE","Massachusetts","Waquoit Bay","Waquoit Bay",79,{"v":41.6,"d":"41.600"},{"v":-70.5,"d":"-70.500"},"Documented",1990,"Diel",{"$nulls":3}," ",null,null,"Daily cycle of DO from saturated to hypoxic","Fritz et al. 1996, D'Avanzo & Kremer 1994, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Back Bay","Back Bay",20,30.428,-88.912,"Documented",1970,null,null,"Low DO occurs but not a recuring problem in 1980s.","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999, Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Bayou Casotte/Chico","have as bayou casotte",17,30.384,-88.539,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Bayou La Batre",{"$error":"#N/A"},17,30.402,-88.256,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Big Lake","Big Lake",20,{"v":30.42,"d":"30.420"},-88.975,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Episotic algal blooms","Rabalais et al. 1985, Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Biloxi Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},20,30.421,-88.863,"Concern",1970,null,null,"Low DO occurs but not a recuring problem in 1980s.","Decline",{"$nulls":4},"Engle et al. 1999, Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Biloxi River",{"$error":"#N/A"},20,30.452,-89.011,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998",null,"part of Big Lake?"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Escatawpa River","Escatawpa River",17,30.424,-88.486,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Jourdan River",{"$error":"#N/A"},20,30.365,-89.399,"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":7},"The Jourdan River empties into the St. Louis Bay in the Mississippi Sound. Low oxygen levels (3 and 4 mg/l) were measured at the mouth of the river in  1978, indicating eutrophic conditions. However, there is no evidence of low oxygen in the St. Louis Bay itself.","Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Lake Borgne",{"$error":"#N/A"},18,30.022,-89.672,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985",null,null,"thinking of not including--is part of West Mississippi Sound?"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Little River",{"$error":"#N/A"},17,30.494,-88.565,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Mississippi Inner Shelf, Shallow","have as ms inner shelf",17,30.126,-88.736,"Documented",1950,{"$nulls":7},"Sporatic low DO in 1800s associated with flood events, by 1940s low DO increased and intensified in 1960s based on froam proxies.","Rabalais et al. 1985, Brunner et al. 2006"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Mississippi Sound East","have as east mississippi soud",17,30.351,-88.357,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",null,"DO improved from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",181,null,null,"Stratification highly significant factor","Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Mississippi Sound West ","have as west mississippi sound",20,30.262,-89.023,"Documented",1950,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},266,null,null,"Low DO in 1950s, intensified in 1960s based on froam proxies.","Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007, Brunner et al. 2006"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Pascagoula Bay","combined with pascagoula river",17,30.361,-88.621,"Concern",1980,null,null,"DO declined from 1980s to 1990s","Decline",{"$nulls":4},"Rabalais et al. 1985, Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Pascagoula River",{"$error":"#N/A"},17,30.393,-88.571,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":7},"Hypoxic from March to October.","Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","Tchoutacabouffa River",{"$error":"#N/A"},20,30.435,-88.992,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998",null,null,"Do not include b/c it is part of Big Lake?"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Mississippi","West Fowl River",{"$error":"#N/A"},16,{"v":30.45,"d":"30.450"},-88.139,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["NE","NE","New Hampshire","Great Bay","Great Bay",72,43.067,-70.869,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},0.6,{"$nulls":3},"Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Barnegat Bay","have as barnegat inlet/bay",45,{"v":39.77,"d":"39.770"},{"v":-74.09,"d":"-74.090"},"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization",null,null,"Whitledge 1985, Moser 1998"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Great Egg Harbor River","Great Egg Harbor River",46,{"v":39.3,"d":"39.300"},{"v":-74.63,"d":"-74.630"},"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ",{"$nulls":3},"Whitledge 1985, Glenn et al. 1996"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Inland Bays",{"$error":"#N/A"},46,{"v":39.5,"d":"39.500"},{"v":-74.25,"d":"-74.250"},"Concern",2000,{"$nulls":8},"Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Little Egg Inlet","Little Egg Inlet",45,{"v":39.5,"d":"39.500"},{"v":-74.32,"d":"-74.320"},"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Garlo et al. 1979"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Mullica River Estuary","Mullica River Estuary",46,{"v":39.5,"d":"39.500"},{"v":-74.33,"d":"-74.330"},"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ",null,null,"DO low in 1980s, hypoxic in 1990s","Whitledge 1985, Glenn et al. 1996"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Newark Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},44,40.666,-74.139,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Passaic River",{"$error":"#N/A"},44,40.716,{"v":-74.12,"d":"-74.120"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Raritan Bay","Raritan Bay",44,40.474,-74.181,"Documented",1970,"Seasonal","Point","Some imporvement in DO from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",55,null,null,"Improved from nutrient management","Christensen & Packard 1976, Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Raritan River","Raritan River",44,40.494,{"v":-74.28,"d":"-74.280"},"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Townsend-Hereford Inlet","Townsend-Hereford Inlet",46,{"v":39.12,"d":"39.120"},{"v":-74.71,"d":"-74.710"},"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ",{"$nulls":3},"Glenn et al. 1996, 2004"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New Jersey","Wading River",{"$error":"#N/A"},46,39.557,{"v":-74.48,"d":"-74.480"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Arthur Kill","Arthur Kill",44,40.503,-74.258,"Documented",1970,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":7},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Berger Basin","Berger Basin",42,40.654,-73.822,"Documented",1970,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Rhoads et al. 2001"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Carmans River","Carmans River",43,{"v":40.77,"d":"40.770"},{"v":-72.89,"d":"-72.890"},"Documented",1990,"Diel",{"$nulls":4},"Species richness normal to slightly impacted",null,"Deil hypoxia present at times.","Zaikowski et al. 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","East River","East River",42,{"v":40.8,"d":"40.800"},-73.917,"Documented",1920,"Seasonal","Point","DO improved from nutrient management.","Improved"," ",null,null,"Decline in DO recorded in 1910-1930","Parker & O'Reilly  1991, Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Flushing Bay","Flushing Bay",42,{"v":40.63,"d":"40.630"},{"v":-73.81,"d":"-73.810"},"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ","Mortality",null,null,"Rhoads et al. 2001"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Grassy Bay","Grassy Bay",42,40.635,{"v":-73.79,"d":"-73.790"},"Documented",1970,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},26,"Mortality",null,"Areas anoxic in June-Aug","Rhoads et al. 2001, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Great South Bay","Great South Bay",43,40.708,-73.049,"Concern",1980,"Diel",null,"Improved but tidal creeks periodically hypoxic","Improved",{"$nulls":3},"Improved, but tidal creeks periodically hypoxic between July and September, Diel hypoxia may occur.","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 2007, Zaikowski et al. 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Hackensack",{"$error":"#N/A"},44,41.118,-73.962,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Harlem River","Harlem River",42,40.783,-73.939,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Hudson River","Hudson River",44,41.535,-73.991,"Documented",1960,"Seasonal","Point","Recovered from low DO through nutrient management.","Improved",65,null,null,"Improved from nutrient management","Bronsnan & O'Shea 1996, Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Kill van Kull River","Kill van Kull River",44,40.645,{"v":-74.06,"d":"-74.060"},"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["GL","GL","New York","Lake Ontario, Kingston Basin","possibly dropped b/c this is freshwater lake",null,{"v":44,"d":"44.000"},{"v":-76.5,"d":"-76.500"},"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Ahrnsbrak and Wing 1998"]
["GL","GL","New York","Lake Ontario, Prince Edward Bay","possibly dropped b/c this is freshwater lake",null,{"v":43.99,"d":"43.990"},{"v":-76.92,"d":"-76.920"},"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Ahrnsbrak and Wing 1998"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Long Island Sound","Long Island Sound",42,41.083,-72.883,"Documented",1970,"Seasonal",null,"DO declined from 1990s to 2000s, Area of hypoxia has increased from 1980s","Decline",1642,"About 30% of Sound benthos impacted by hypoxia.","Avoidance, some mortality. ","Hypoxic June to September; duration, frequency, spatial coverages all increased since 1987","Howell & Simpson 1994, Welsh et al. 1994, Schimmel et al. 1999, Anderson & Taylor 2001, Lee and Lwiza 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Lower Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},44,{"v":40.6,"d":"40.600"},{"v":-74,"d":"-74.000"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Mill Basin","Mill Basin",42,40.603,-73.907,"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":5},"Avoidance",null,"Rhoads et al. 2001"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Mohawk River",{"$error":"#N/A"},44,42.761,-73.688,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Narrows","Narrows",42,40.627,-74.057,"Documented",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985, Lee and Lwiza 2007"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","New York Bight","New York Bight",44,{"v":39.96,"d":"39.960"},{"v":-73.56,"d":"-73.560"},"Documented",1970,"Episodic","Upwelling",null,null,987,"Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery","Surf clam/finfish mortality, Avoidance, northward migration of bluefish blocked","Clam weather lead to stratification and bloom of Ceratium tripos, one time event. May have involved upwelling on nutrient rich water","Segar & Berberian 1976, Garlo et al. 1979, Sindermann & Swanson 1980, Swanson and Parker 1988, Figley et al. 1979, Azarovitz et al. 1979, Boesch & Rabalais 1991"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","New York Bight Sewage Dump",{"$error":"#N/A"},44,{"v":40.43,"d":"40.430"},{"v":-73.75,"d":"-73.750"},"Documented",1970,"Seasonal","Point",{"$nulls":5},"Summer hypoxia associated with sewage dump site, 10% saturation at center of dump site","Segar & Berberian 1976"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","New York City Harbor","New York City Harbor",44,{"v":40.67,"d":"40.670"},{"v":-73.98,"d":"-73.980"},"Documented",1920,"Seasonal","Point","DO improved from nutrient management.","Improved"," ","Mass Mortality with annual recolonization","Stressed","Decline in DO recorded in 1910-1930","Parker & O'Reilly  1991"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Norton Basin","Norton Basin",42,40.601,-73.772,"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":5},"Avoidance",null,"Rhoads et al. 2001"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Patchogue River","Patchogue River",43,{"v":40.75,"d":"40.750"},{"v":-73.02,"d":"-73.020"},"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":4},"Species richness severly impacted",null,"Channelization induced stratification an important factor.  Deep areas hypoxic year round","Zaikowski et al. 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Shellbank Basin","Shellbank Basin",42,40.585,-73.922,"Documented",1990,"Episodic",{"$nulls":7},"Rhoads et al. 2001"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Swan River","Swan River",44,{"v":40.75,"d":"40.750"},{"v":-74,"d":"-74.000"},"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":4},"Species richness moderately to severly impacted",null,"Channelization induced stratification an important factor. ","Zaikowski et al. 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Tivolie South","Tivolie South",44,42.033,-73.922,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Sanger et al. 2002"]
["Mid At","Mid At","New York","Upper Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},44,40.669,-74.045,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Ace Basin","Ace Basin",128,32.558,-80.446,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Sanger et al. 2002"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Albemarle Sound","Albemarle Sound",117,{"v":36.064166666666665,"d":"36.064"},{"v":-76.02027777777778,"d":"-76.020"},"Documented",1970,"Seasonal","Runoff","Hypoxia has worsened in 2000s","Decline",464,"Mortality","Mortality","Hurricane increased freshwater and nutrient input.","Stanley 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, Paerl et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Barnards Creek","Barnards Creek",123,{"v":34.15887222222222,"d":"34.159"},{"v":-77.93248888888888,"d":"-77.932"},"Documented",2000,"Periodic","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Black River","Black River",123,{"v":34.37569444444444,"d":"34.376"},{"v":-78.08277777777778,"d":"-78.083"},"Documented",1990,"Seasonal","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Bogue Sound ",{"$error":"#N/A"},121,{"v":34.7,"d":"34.700"},-76.917,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Browns Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},123,{"v":34.40051944444444,"d":"34.401"},{"v":-78.29302222222222,"d":"-78.293"},"Concern",2000,null,"Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Cape Fear River",{"$error":"#N/A"},123,{"v":34.21984166666667,"d":"34.220"},{"v":-77.95386944444445,"d":"-77.954"},"Documented",1970,"Episodic",{"$nulls":4},"Reduced","Fish kills",null,"Stanley 1985, Mallin et al. 1999, 2006, Posey et al. 1999"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Carolina Beach Lake","Carolina Beach Lake",123,{"v":34.02813333333334,"d":"34.028"},{"v":-77.91413055555556,"d":"-77.914"},"Documented",2000,"Seasonal","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Chowan River","Chowan River",117,36.167,{"v":-76.7,"d":"-76.700"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Colly Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},123,{"v":34.735075,"d":"34.735"},{"v":-78.4901,"d":"-78.490"},"Concern",2000,null,"Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Dutchman Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},123,33.906,-78.032,"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":8},"Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Futch Creek","Futch Creek",123,{"v":34.30331666666667,"d":"34.303"},{"v":-77.75186388888889,"d":"-77.752"},"Documented",2000,"Periodic","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","MacPherson et al. 2007, Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Great Coharie Creek","Great Coharie Creek",123,{"v":34.94569166666667,"d":"34.946"},{"v":-78.38288055555556,"d":"-78.383"},"Documented",2000,"Seasonal","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Hammond Creek","Hammond Creek",123,{"v":34.38375555555555,"d":"34.384"},{"v":-78.2497361111111,"d":"-78.250"},"Documented",2000,"Seasonal","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Hewletts Creek","Hewletts Creek",123,{"v":34.19128611111111,"d":"34.191"},{"v":-77.85501388888889,"d":"-77.855"},"Documented",2000,"Periodic",{"$nulls":6},"Heavily developed watershed","MacPherson et al. 2007, Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Little Coharie Creek",{"$error":"#N/A"},123,{"v":34.94,"d":"34.940"},{"v":-78.47046944444445,"d":"-78.470"},"Concern",2000,null,"Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Masonboro Inlet","Masonboro Inlet",123,34.156,{"v":-77.85,"d":"-77.850"},"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Sanger et al. 2002"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Motts Creek","Motts Creek",123,{"v":34.13086944444444,"d":"34.131"},{"v":-77.91451388888889,"d":"-77.915"},"Documented",2000,"Periodic","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Neuse River Estuary","Neuse River Estuary",119,{"v":34.99444444444445,"d":"34.994"},{"v":-76.91027777777778,"d":"-76.910"},"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",null,"Improvement in DO from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",230,"Mortality/avoidance, decreased abundance","Fish kills, mortality of oyster.  Reduced prey abundance and habitat quality for fish.","Hypoxia may have developed earlier based on Macoma populations. Improvement in DO from 1990s to 2000s.","Paerl et al. 1995, 1998, Lenihan & Peterson 1998, Lenihan 1999, Whitledge 1985, Buzzelli et al. 2002, Bishiop et al. 2006, Bell & Eggleston 2005, Baird et al. 2004, Aumann et al. 2006, Powers et al. 2005"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","New River","New River",122,34.642,-77.343,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},21,{"$nulls":3},"Stanley 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Northeast Cape Fear River","Northeast Cape Fear River",123,{"v":34.31325,"d":"34.313"},{"v":-77.9555,"d":"-77.956"},"Documented",1990,"Periodic","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Pages Creek","Pages Creek",123,34.281,-77.794,"Documented",2000,"Periodic","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","MacPherson et al. 2007, Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Pamlico River","Pamlico River",118,35.424,-76.766,"Documented",1960,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3},44,"Mass Mortality, low macrobenthic diversity and density in summer, recolonization by winter","Mortality",null,"Stanley 1985, Tenore 1972, Hobbie et al. 1975, Stanley & Nixon 1992"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Pamlico Sound","Pamlico Sound",120,{"v":35.4,"d":"35.400"},{"v":-75.7,"d":"-75.700"},"Documented",1990,"Episodic","Runoff/Point","No hypoxia in 1960s through the 1980s, low DO developed in late 1990s","Decline",null,null,"Common finfish species (pinfish, spot, croaker) had skin lesions and signs of systemic bacterial infections","No hypoxia in 1960s through the 1980s, low DO developed in late 1990s Hurricane increased freshwater and nutrient input.","Paerl et al. 2000, Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Six Runs Creek","Six Runs Creek",123,{"v":34.53024722222222,"d":"34.530"},{"v":-78.26252777777778,"d":"-78.263"},"Documented",2000,"Seasonal","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["SE","SE","North Carolina","Smith Creek","Smith Creek",123,{"v":34.256436111111114,"d":"34.256"},{"v":-77.93705277777778,"d":"-77.937"},"Documented",2000,"Periodic","Runoff/Point",{"$nulls":5},"Combination of agricultural, urban, suburban runoff contribute to nutrient loading","Mallin et al. 2006"]
["GL","GL","Ohio","Lake Erie, Central Basin","possibly dropped b/c this is freshwater lake",null,{"v":42.1,"d":"42.100"},{"v":-81.5,"d":"-81.500"},"Documented",1700,null,null,"Increase in anoxia from 1930s to 1970s.",null,null,"Reduced","Suitable whitefish habitat reduced by low DO.","Periodic hypolinetic anoxia prior to European settlement.  Global warming will lower DO from higher microbial metabolism.","Hartman 1972, Krieger 1985, Rosa and Burns 1987, Delorme 1982, Edwards et al. 2005, Blumberg & DiToro 1990, Krieger et al. 2007"]
["GL","GL","Ohio","Lake Erie, Western Basin","possibly dropped b/c this is freshwater lake",null,{"v":41.75,"d":"41.750"},{"v":-82.2,"d":"-82.200"},"Concern",1950,null,null,"Occasional hypoxia, imporved in 1990s",null,null,"Mortality of mayflies in 1953",null,"Mayfly populaitons partially recovered in 1990s","Britt 1955, Krieger 1985, Gerlofsma and Ciborowski 1999."]
["West","West","Oregon","California Current System",{"$error":"#N/A"},null,{"v":46,"d":"46.000"},{"v":-124.5,"d":"-124.500"},"Documented",2000,"Seasonal","Upwelling","Hypoxia developed on inner shelf in 2000s","Decline",null,"Mass Mortality","Mortality","Shifting wind patterns lead to extensive shallow shelf hypoxia.  Related to upwelling and phytoplankton bloom.","Grantham et al. 2004, Chan et al. 2008"]
["West","West","Oregon","Rogue River","Rogue River",98,42.423,-124.428,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Collias 1985, Sanger et al. 2002"]
["West","West","Oregon","South Slough","South Slough",100,43.324,-124.321,"Documented",1990,"Diel",{"$nulls":6},"Daily cycle of DO from supersaturated to hypoxic","Sanger et al. 2002"]
["West","West","Oregon","Umpqua River",{"$error":"#N/A"},101,43.669,-124.204,"Concern",1970,null,"Upwelling","No hypoxia in 1980s",{"$nulls":4},"1970s intrusion of low DO (<2 mg/l)","Collias 1985, Brown et al. 2007"]
["West","West","Oregon","Yaquina Bay","Yaquina Bay",104,{"v":44.62,"d":"44.620"},{"v":-124.03,"d":"-124.030"},"Concern",2000,"Periodic","Upwelling","No hypoxia in 1980s","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"Low DO water advected into estuary from shelf, see CA Current System","Collias 1985, Brown et al. 2007"]
["NE","Mid At","Rhode Island","Greenwich Bay","Greenwich Bay",39,{"v":41.67,"d":"41.670"},{"v":-71.41,"d":"-71.410"},"Documented",2000,{"$nulls":6},"Fish Kill in 2003","0-4% of area <2.3 mg/l","Deacutis et al. 2006, Melrose et al. 2007"]
["NE","Mid At","Rhode Island","Mount Hope Bay","Mount Hope Bay",39,{"v":41.68,"d":"41.680"},{"v":-71.21,"d":"-71.210"},"Documented",2000,{"$nulls":7},"0.5-2.5% of area <2.3 mg/l","Deacutis et al. 2006, Melrose et al. 2007"]
["NE","Mid At","Rhode Island","Narragansett Bay","Narragansett Bay",39,41.677,-71.329,"Documented",1950,"Periodic","Runoff/Point","Hypoxia and anoxia present in 1950s in upper part of bay, Low DO widespread by 1980s, DO declined from 1990s to 2000s","Decline",93,"Reduced abundance or absence.",null,"Hypoxic June to September, related to high nutrient loads.","Whitledge 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, Melrose et al. 2007, Bergondo et al. 2005, Deacutis et al. 2006, Cicchetti et al. 2006"]
["NE","Mid At","Rhode Island","Pettaquamscutt River","Pettaquamscutt River",39,41.456,-71.451,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":4}," ",{"$nulls":3},"Wilkin & Barnes 1997"]
["NE","Mid At","Rhode Island","Potters Cove","Potters Cove",39,41.579,-71.321,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Sanger et al. 2002"]
["NE","Mid At","Rhode Island","Providence River","Providence River",39,41.814,-71.401,"Documented",1980,null,"Point",{"$nulls":5},"Related to sewage discharges, 27-39% of the river was <2.3 mg/l","Whitledge 1985, Bergondo et al. 2005, Deacutis et al. 2006, Melrose et al. 2007"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Beresford Creek","Beresford Creek",126,32.898,{"v":-79.89,"d":"-79.890"},"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Lerberg et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Broad River","Broad River",129,32.399,-80.717,"Documented",2000,"Periodic",null,"DO improved from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",70,{"$nulls":3},"Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Bull Creek","Bull Creek",126,32.826,-80.019,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Lerberg et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Charleston Harbor","Charleston Harbor",126,32.905,{"v":-79.95,"d":"-79.950"},"Concern",2000,"Periodic","Point","Improvement in DO from 1990s to 2000s","Improved",33,null,null,"improved wastewater treatment, phosphate ban. ","Bricker et al. 1999, 2007, Windsor 1985"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Cooper River",{"$error":"#N/A"},126,32.833,-79.917,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Copper River",{"$error":"#N/A"},126,32.833,-79.917,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Deep Creek","Deep Creek",126,32.925,-79.769,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Lerberg et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Diesel Creek","Diesel Creek",126,32.815,-79.961,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Lerberg et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Foster Creek","Foster Creek",126,32.862,-79.858,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Lerberg et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","James Island Creek","James Island Creek",126,{"v":32.76,"d":"32.760"},-79.943,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3}," ","Mortality/avoidance","Avoidance",null,"Burnett 1997"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Long Bay","Long Bay",124,{"v":33.62,"d":"33.620"},{"v":-78.88,"d":"-78.880"},"Documented",2000,"Episodic",null,"Recently documented hypoxia may be relateded to multiple factors","Decline",null,null,"Mortaility of flounders","Recently documented. High Cholor a","Koepfler et al. 2007"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Malind Creek","Malind Creek",129,32.325,-80.917,"Documented",2000,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Gillett et al. 2005"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","New Market Creek","New Market Creek",126,32.819,-79.937,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Lerberg et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","North Edisto River","North Edisto River",127,32.583,{"v":-80.25,"d":"-80.250"},"Concern",1980,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":7},"Stanley 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","North Inlet","North Inlet",124,{"v":33.35,"d":"33.350"},-79.191,"Documented",2000,{"$nulls":8},"Stanley 1985, Sanger et al. 2002"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","North Santee River",{"$error":"#N/A"},125,{"v":33.14,"d":"33.140"},-79.243,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"No hypoxia in 1980s, low DO reported in 1990s.","Stanley 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Okatee Creek","Okatee Creek",129,32.306,-80.927,"Documented",2000,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Gillett et al. 2005"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Orange Grove Creek","Orange Grove Creek",126,32.806,-79.977,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Lerberg et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Pee Dee River",{"$error":"#N/A"},124,33.567,{"v":-79.16,"d":"-79.160"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Rathall Creek","Rathall Creek",126,32.859,-79.886,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Lerberg et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Santee River",{"$error":"#N/A"},125,33.167,{"v":-79.3,"d":"-79.300"},"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Shem Creek","Shem Creek",126,32.793,-79.882,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Lerberg et al. 2000"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","South Atlantic Bight",{"$error":"#N/A"},null,{"v":32,"d":"32.000"},{"v":-80.5,"d":"-80.500"},"Concern",1970,{"$nulls":7},"DO around 3 mg/l at 100 m depth in 1973-4","Stanley 1985"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","South Santee River",{"$error":"#N/A"},125,33.118,-79.277,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"No hypoxia in 1980s, low DO reported in 1990s.","Stanley 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","St. Helena Sound","St. Helena Sound",128,32.536,-80.393,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},71,{"$nulls":3},"Stanley 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Stono River","Stono River",127,32.639,-80.032,"Documented",1990,"Seasonal",null,"No hypoxia in 1980s, low DO developed in 1990s","Decline",22,{"$nulls":3},"Stanley 1985, Bricker et al. 1999, 2007"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Wando River",{"$error":"#N/A"},126,{"v":32.86,"d":"32.860"},{"v":-79.9,"d":"-79.900"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Stanley 1985, Whitledge 1985"]
["SE","SE","South Carolina","Winyah Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},124,33.394,-79.258,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},29,{"$nulls":3},"Stanley 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Alazan Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},35,27.347,-97.506,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Aransas Bay","have mission/aransas estuary which includes aransas bay.",33,{"v":28.05,"d":"28.050"},-96.992,"Documented",2000,"Diel",{"$nulls":5},"Diel hypoxia alters nursery value of SAV beds.  Larval red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, growth reduced when exposed to hypoxia >8 hours.","Open Bay had little low DO in 1980s.  Increased nutrient loads lower DO in SAV beds","Lowery 1998, Rabalais et al. 1985, Perez-Domingues et al. 2006"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Arroyo Colorado","Arroyo Colorado",37,26.355,-97.374,"Documented",1980,"Persistent",null,"Hypoxia has become persistent all year.",{"$nulls":4},"Hypoxia or anoxia occur year-round","Engle et al. 1999, Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Baffin Bay","Baffin Bay",35,27.323,-97.531,"Documented",1980,"Episodic",{"$nulls":3},61,{"$nulls":3},"Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Brazos River","Brazos River",30,28.973,-95.378,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},22,{"$nulls":3},"Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Brownsville Ship Channel","Brownsville Ship Channel",37,25.955,{"v":-97.39,"d":"-97.390"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Bryan Mound, deep",{"$error":"#N/A"},29,{"v":28.37,"d":"28.370"},{"v":-94.68,"d":"-94.680"},"Documented",1980,"Episodic",{"$nulls":3}," ","Mortality with annual recolonization","Decreased diversity and abundance at the onset of hypoxia",null,"Harper et al. 1981, 1991"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Bryan Mound, shallow","Bryan Mound, shallow",29,{"v":28.9,"d":"28.900"},{"v":-95,"d":"-95.000"},"Documented",1970,"Episodic",{"$nulls":3}," ","Mass Mortality with multi-year recovery","Stressed",null,"Harper et al. 1981, 1991"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Cayo del Grullo",{"$error":"#N/A"},35,27.364,{"v":-97.69,"d":"-97.690"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Cayo del Grullo is the northwest branch of Baffin Bay, Texas, and a popular recreational fishing spot. Eutrophication has been observed here since the 1980s. ","Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Cedar Bayou","Cedar Bayou",29,{"v":29.73,"d":"29.730"},-94.937,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Chocolate Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},31,28.577,-96.614,"Documented",1990,"Episodic",{"$nulls":6},"Chocolate Bay is a western extension of West Bay on the Texas Gulf coast. Chocolate Bayou flows into the bay. Episodic hypoxia has been observed in the bay since the 1990s. One low oxygen event in 1998 resulted in a fish kill of 10,000 fish downstream of Lutes marina. Chocolate Bay is currently part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Corpus Christi Bay","Corpus Christi Bay",34,27.749,-97.293,"Documented",1980,"Seasonal","Point","Hypoxia expanded in the 1990s",null,123,"Reduced, biomass at hypoxic stations is 96% less than at normoxic stations.",null,"Hypoxia expanded in the 1990s. Low bottom DO when bottom salinity was high.","Ritter & Montagna 1999, Montagna & Ritter 2006, Montagna & Kalke 1992, Applebaum et al. 2005"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Dickinson Bayou","Dickinson Bayou",29,29.453,-94.997,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","East Bay","East Bay",29,29.527,{"v":-94.62,"d":"-94.620"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Whitledge 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Freeport","Freeport",30,{"v":28.95,"d":"28.950"},{"v":-95.31,"d":"-95.310"},"Documented",1970,"Episodic",{"$nulls":3},50,"Mortality with multi-year recovery","Avoidance, some mortality. ",null,"Harper & Rabalais 1995"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Galveston Bay","have upper galveston bay/channel",29,29.413,-94.879,"Concern",1970,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3},603,{"$nulls":3},"Lowery 1998, Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Laguna Madre, Lower","have as lower laguna madre",37,26.423,-97.362,"Documented",1980,"Persistent","Point",null,null,28,26.166666666666668,-97.2,"Sewage and shrimp farming,  most low DO in deeper areas, diel low DO in shallow areas.","Ziegler & Benner 1998, Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al.  2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Laguna Madre, Upper","have as upper laguna madre",36,{"v":27.26,"d":"27.260"},-97.394,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},293,null,null,"Stratification highly significant factor, most low DO in deeper areas","Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Laguna Salada",{"$error":"#N/A"},35,27.162,-98.082,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Lavaca Bay","Lavaca Bay",31,28.672,-96.639,"Documented",1990,"Episodic",{"$nulls":6},"Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Matagorda Bay","combined with mataorda ship channel",31,{"v":28.5,"d":"28.500"},{"v":-96.4,"d":"-96.400"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Lowery 1998, Rabalais et al. 1985, Bricker et al. 2007"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Matagorda Ship Channel","Matagorda Ship Channel",31,28.435,-96.335,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Mission-Aransas Estuary","Mission-Aransas Estuary",33,28.164,-97.171,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985, Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Nueces Bay","Nueces Bay",34,27.851,{"v":-97.42,"d":"-97.420"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Nueces Estuary","combined with Nueces bay?",34,27.861,-97.571,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Offatts Bayou","have as offats bayou",29,29.278,-94.849,"Documented",1930,{"$nulls":5},"Mass Mortality","Mortality","First occurrence 1936, Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Gunter 1942, Engle et al. 1999, White et al. 1984"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Oso Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},34,27.633,-97.304,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais 1998"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Port Arthur Canal",{"$error":"#N/A"},28,29.868,-93.932,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Rio Grand Tidal",{"$error":"#N/A"},37,25.954,-97.195,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Sabine Lake",{"$error":"#N/A"},28,29.876,-93.897,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Sabine Pass",{"$error":"#N/A"},28,29.743,-93.881,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Sabine-Neches Estuary",{"$error":"#N/A"},28,30.064,-93.717,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","San Antonio Bay","San Antonio Bay",32,{"v":28.3,"d":"28.300"},{"v":-96.7,"d":"-96.700"},"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",null,"DO declined from 1980s to 1990s","Decline",109,null,null,"Stratification highly significant factor","Lowery 1998, Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","San Bernard River","San Bernard River",30,28.879,-95.468,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Part of regional water quality monitoring program.","Engle et al. 1999"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Texas Inner Shelf","Have Texas Shelf/Deep",34,{"v":27.5,"d":"27.500"},{"v":-96.5,"d":"-96.500"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Trinity Estuary/Trinity Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},29,29.716,-94.759,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Trinity Bay is the northeast portion of Galveston Bay. It is approximately 20 miles (32 km) long, and heads at the mouth of the Trinity River. Trinity Bay is separated from the main part of Galveston Bay by the San Jacinto River, part of the Houston Ship Channel. The Trinity River contributes 54 percent of the total bay system inflow for the Galveston Bay complex. Riverine nutrient inputs from Trinity River is the main contribution to eutrophication in the bay. Eutrophication has been observed in Trinity Bay since the 1980s.","Whitledge 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","San Jacinto Estuary",{"$error":"#N/A"},29,29.676,-94.979,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":7},"The San Jacinto River runs from Lake Houston in Harris County, Texas to Galveston Bay. The river is considered by the Environmental Protection Agency to be one of the most polluted waterways in Texas and contains a number of pollutants in high concentrations that are persistent in the water and riverbed. It has been under pressure for decades from industries located on and near its banks that used it as an effluent removal system for decades. Today the river has lost a large number of native fish species, suffers from periodic algae blooms and is on the verge of ecological collapse.\n\n","Rabalais 1998",null,null,"changed from Trinity-san jacinto estuary to just san jacinto estuary."]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","Upper Galveston Bay Channel","Upper Galveston Bay Channel",29,29.685,-94.981,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Engle et al. 1999, Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Gulf","Gulf","Texas","West Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},29,29.248,-94.969,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"West Bay, also referred to as West Galveston Bay, is a long inlet of Galveston Bay in Galveston and Brazoria counties that nearly runs the entire length west of Galveston Island. Eutrophication has been observed here since the 1980s.\n\n","Rabalais et al. 1985"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Chesapeake Bay, lower","Chesapeake Bay, lower",59,{"v":37.82,"d":"37.820"},{"v":-76.11,"d":"-76.110"},"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":3}," ","Lower diversity, lower biomass, lower proportion of deep-dwelling biomass at hypoxia-affected areas",null,null,"Dauer et al 1992"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Elizabeth River, Eastern Branch",{"$error":"#N/A"},55,36.838,-76.251,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Elizabeth River, Southern Branch",{"$error":"#N/A"},55,36.774,-76.298,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":7},"The Elizabeth River joins the James River to enter the lower Chesapeake Bay. The main branch of the estuary is approximately 5 mi (8 km) long and 2 mi (3.2 km) wide at its mouth. It is formed at its southern end by three river estuaries from the east near its mouth. These are known as the Eastern, Southern, and Western branches of the Elizabeth River. The Southern Branch is the longest tributary and is believed to originate within the Great Dismal Swamp near the Virginia and North Carolina border. The Southern Banch, where it joins the James River, is predominately industrial. Eutrophication here is caused by excess nutrient loading, and hypoxia was first observed in the 1990s. ","CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Elizabeth River, Western Branch",{"$error":"#N/A"},55,36.844,-76.364,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":7},"The Elizabeth River joins the James River to enter the lower Chesapeake Bay. The main branch of the estuary is approximately 5 mi (8 km) long and 2 mi (3.2 km) wide at its mouth. It is formed at its southern end by three river estuaries from the east near its mouth. These are known as the Eastern, Southern, and Western branches of the Elizabeth River, and each extends miles into neighboring communities.  Eutrophication in the Western Branch is caused by excess nutrient loading from urban and residential landuses. ","CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Goodwin Island","Goodwin Island",54,37.219,-76.396,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":6},"Low DO in submerged aquatic vegetation bed","Sanger et al. 2002"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Lafayette River",{"$error":"#N/A"},55,{"v":36.9,"d":"36.900"},-76.296,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":7},"The Lafayette River, earlier known as Tanner's Creek, is a short tidal estuary which empties into the Elizabeth River just south of Sewell's Point near its mouth at Hampton Roads, which in turn empties into the southern end of Chesapeake Bay in southeast Virginia in the United States. It is entirely located in the City of Norfolk. The Lafayette River is considered eutrophic primarily as a result of urban runoff. ","CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Mattaponi River","Mattaponi River",54,{"v":37.65,"d":"37.650"},-76.892,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Mobjack Bay","Mobjack Bay",59,37.262,-76.343,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Nansemond River","Nansemond River",55,36.856,-76.514,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"CPB 2008"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Onancock Creek","Onancock Creek",58,{"v":37.71,"d":"37.710"},{"v":-75.76,"d":"-75.760"},"Documented",2000,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Wang 2005"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Rappahannock River","Rappahannock River",53,{"v":37.6,"d":"37.600"},{"v":-76.35,"d":"-76.350"},"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},92,"Mortality with annual recoloniazation","Avoidance","Some anoxia in summer","Llansó 1992, Kuo et al. 1991"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","Taskinas Creek","Taskinas Creek",54,37.414,-76.713,"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Sanger et al. 2002"]
["Mid At","Mid At","Virginia","York River","York River",54,37.475,-76.746,"Documented",1970,"Periodic",null,"Hypoxia associated with spring-neap tidal cycle.",null,43,"Little to no response","Avoidance, reduced diversity following low DO event","Associated with spring neap tidal cycle.","Haas 1977, Pihl et al. 1991, 1992, Diaz et al. 1992, Sagasti et al 2001, 2003, Seitz et al. 2003"]
["West","West","Washington","Admiralty Inlet",{"$error":"#N/A"},141,48.188,-122.842,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Admiralty Inlet is a strait  in the U.S. state of Washington that connects the eastern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca to Puget Sound. It lies between Whidbey Island and the northeastern part of the Olympic Peninsula. Low oxygen is present at water quality monitoring stations within the Admiralty Inlet, but is mainly attributed to oceanic upwelling. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002",null,"is this considered natural? The washington source indicates upwelling is cause of low DO"]
["West","West","Washington","Bellingham Bay","Bellingham Bay",140,48.737,-122.563,"Concern",1990,null,null,"No hypoxia in 1980s","Decline",{"$nulls":4},"Collias 1985, Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Budd Inlet","Budd Inlet",114,{"v":47.1,"d":"47.100"},{"v":-122.91,"d":"-122.910"},"Documented",1980,"Seasonal",{"$nulls":7},"Whitledge 1985, Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Commencement Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},114,47.291,-122.449,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Commencement Bay is a bay of Puget Sound (Washington, U.S.). The city of Tacoma is located on the bay, with the Port of Tacoma occupying the southeastern end. A line drawn from Point Defiance in the southwest to Browns Point in the northeast serves to mark the generally accepted division between the bay and the open sound. Commencement Bay has become home to one of the most active commercial ports in the world. The Port of Tacoma is the main port facility. Commencement Bay suffers from consistently high level of fecal coliform contamination as well as episodes of low oxygen. Low dissolved oxygen was first observed here in 1996/1997 when there were seven occurences of DO levels dropping below 5 mg/l. Low dissolved oxygen is the result of eutorphication (from urban runoff) and stratification. Commencement Bay has been classified as one of the waterbodies of highest concern by the Washington Department of the Environment. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Discovery Bay","Discovery Bay",141,48.018,-122.847,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Elliott Bay","Elliott Bay",140,48.591,-122.368,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Grays Harbor",{"$error":"#N/A"},111,46.951,{"v":-124.05,"d":"-124.050"},"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Grays Harbor is an estuarine bay located 45 miles (72 km) north of the mouth of the Columbia River, on the southwest Pacific coast of Washington state, in the United States of America. It is a ria, which formed at the end of the last ice age, when sea levels flooded the Chehalis River. The Chehalis River flows into the eastern end of the bay where the city of Aberdeen lies at that river's mouth.  Besides the Chehalis, many lesser rivers and streams flow into Grays Harbor, such as Hoquiam River and Humptulips River. Grays Harbor receives high riverine inputs, exhibits stratification, and has high levels of fecal coliform contamination and  ammonium-N. Low dissolved oxygen has not been a problem in the bay as it has a good exchange with oceanic waters. Washington state has classified Grays Harbor as a waterbody of significant concern due to its eutrophic status. ","Collias 1985"]
["West","West","Washington","Hood Canal","Hood Canal",112,{"v":47.639722222222225,"d":"47.640"},{"v":-122.81222222222222,"d":"-122.812"},"Documented",1930,"Seasonal",null,"DO declined from 1990s to 2000s","Decline",238,null,"Fish did not enter DO minimum later in water column while invertebrates did.","DO declined from 1990s to 2000s","Paulson et al. 1993, Bricker et al. 2007, Parker-Stetter & Horne 2008"]
["West","West","Washington","Lynch Cove","Lynch Cove",112,47.436,-122.851,"Documented",1980,null,null,"Hypoxia has become persistent all year.",{"$nulls":4},"Low DO all year round","Whitledge 1985, Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Padilla Bay","Padilla Bay",140,48.523,-122.528,"Documented",1990,null,null,"No hypoxia in 1980s","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"No hypoxia in 1980s, Low DO in submerged aquatic vegetation bed","Collias 1985, Sanger et al. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Penn Cove","Penn Cove",113,48.231,-122.674,"Documented",2000,{"$nulls":8},"Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Port Gamble",{"$error":"#N/A"},112,{"v":47.84,"d":"47.840"},{"v":-122.58,"d":"-122.580"},"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Port Gamble is a small bay at the entrance to Hood Canal. The communities of Port Gamble and Little Boston, part of Kitsap County, lie on either side of the mouth of the bay. Sampling records from 1997 to 2000 show low dissolved oxygen (below 5 mg/l). The state of Washington has identified Port Gamble as a waterbody of concern. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Port Orchard System",{"$error":"#N/A"},115,47.635,-122.585,"Concern",1980,{"$nulls":7},"Port Orchard, part of Washington state's Puget Sound, is the strait that separates Bainbridge Island on the east from the Kitsap Peninsula on the west. It extends from Liberty Bay and Agate Pass in the north to Sinclair Inlet and Rich Passage in the south. Port Orchard exhibits high fecal coliform concentrations, indicating the presence of high organic loads. Port Orchard is classified as eutrophic and at risk for developing low oxygen if current trends continue.  ","Collias 1985"]
["West","West","Washington","Port Susan","Port Susan",113,48.113,{"v":-122.39,"d":"-122.390"},"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Collias 1985"]
["West","West","Washington","Possession Sound",{"$error":"#N/A"},114,47.214,-123.076,"Concern",1950,{"$nulls":7},"Possession Sound is part of Puget Sound, located in the U.S. state of Washington between Whidbey Island and the coastline of Snohomish County, approximately between the cities of Everett and Mukilteo. Possession Sound connects the main Puget Sound basin to the south with Saratoga Passage and Port Susan to the north. The Snohomish River flows into Possession Sound at Port Gardner Bay. Low oxygen and phytoplankton blooms have been observed here since the 1950s. The waters of Possession Sound exhibit stratifiction, high ammonia concentrations, high dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and high fecal coliform concentrations, categorizing it as a waterbody of high concern. Stratification combined with riverine nutrient inputs from the Snohomish River as well as nutrient runoff from Port Everett contribute to eutrophic conditions. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Puget Sound, South","likely combined with other puget sound systems.",114,47.224,-122.812,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},34,{"$nulls":3},"Collias 1985"]
["West","West","Washington","Samish Bay",{"$error":"#N/A"},140,48.606,-122.516,"Concern",1980,null,null,"No hypoxia in 1980s","Decline",{"$nulls":3},"The Samish River is approximately 25 miles (40 km) long, in northwestern Washington in the United States. The river drains an area of 139 square miles (360 km2) between the Skagit River basin on the south and the Nooksack River basin on the north. The river flows southwesterly through Skagit County and outlets into Samish Bay in Puget Sound. The bay is eutrophic as a result of riverine inputs. ","Collias 1985"]
["West","West","Washington","Saratoga Passage","Saratoga Passage",113,48.108,{"v":-122.49,"d":"-122.490"},"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Sequim/Discovery Bays","have these listed separate?",141,{"v":48.05,"d":"48.050"},-123.018,"Documented",1980,{"$nulls":8},"Collias 1985"]
["West","West","Washington","Sinclair Inlet",{"$error":"#N/A"},115,47.549,-122.609,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":7},"Sinclair Inlet is an arm of Puget Sound in Kitsap County, Washington, USA. It is the southwestern extension of Port Orchard, and it touches the shores of three of Kitsap County's four incorporated cities: Bremerton, Bainbridge Island, and Port Orchard. It is connected to Dyes Inlet by the Port Washington Narrows and to Puget Sound by Rich Passage. Low oxygen concentrations have been observed here, with one 1995 obseration dipping to 2.9 mg/l. Low oxygen combined with high nutrient concentrations, high fecal coliform, and stratification have characterized the Sinclair Inlet as a waterody of concern for the state of Washington. ","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Skagit Bay","Skagit Bay",113,{"v":48.3,"d":"48.300"},{"v":-122.44,"d":"-122.440"},"Documented",1990,"Periodic",{"$nulls":7},"Rabalais 1998"]
["West","West","Washington","Straight of Georgia",{"$error":"#N/A"},140,48.808,-122.953,"Concern",1990,{"$nulls":7},"The Strait of Georgia or the Georgia Strait (also known as the Gulf of Georgia) is a strait between Vancouver Island (as well as its nearby Gulf Islands) and the mainland coast of British Columbia, Canada. Archipelagos and narrow channels mark each end of the Strait of Georgia, the Gulf Islands and San Juan Islands in the south, and the Discovery Islands in the north. Dissolved oxygen observations between 1997 and 2000 indicated at least one instance of hypoxia, and other near-hypoxic events. These low DO observations likely reflect the signature of upwelled low DO waters from the Strait of Juan de Fuca, plus the influence from the Fraser River plume, which has a high organic load.","Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","West Point","West Point",140,{"v":48.66,"d":"48.660"},-122.442,"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
["West","West","Washington","Whidbey Basin",{"$error":"#N/A"},113,{"v":48.3,"d":"48.300"},-122.446,"Documented",1980,"Periodic",{"$nulls":3},26,{"$nulls":3},"Collias 1985, Rabalais 1998"]
["West","West","Washington","Willapa River","Willapa River",110,46.686,{"v":-123.75,"d":"-123.750"},"Documented",1990,{"$nulls":8},"Washington State Dept. Ecol. 2002"]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":4},{"$error":"#N/A"}]

{"sheet":"video list","index":2,"n_rows":97,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":97,"hidden":true,"merged":[[45,11,46,11]],"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
["ID","System","Country ","Lat ","Long ","Classification","Video(s) Title","Link(s)","YouTube IDs","Video Comments","Larger system/region","Other Comments"]
[619,"Rogue River","US-Oregon",42.423,-124.428,"Hypoxic","Hypoxia: Dead Zones","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh5Ev8VEbZ0","yh5Ev8VEbZ0","The video is about the coast of Oregon in general and does not specify a particular area, could it be used for this site?","Oregon Coast"]
[620,"South Slough","US-Oregon",43.324,-124.321,"Hypoxic","Hypoxia: Dead Zones","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh5Ev8VEbZ1","yh5Ev8VEbZ0","The video is about the coast of Oregon in general and does not specify a particular area, could it be used for this site?","Oregon Coast"]
[621,"Yaquina Bay","US-Oregon",44.62,-124.03,"Hypoxic","Hypoxia: Dead Zones","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh5Ev8VEbZ2","yh5Ev8VEbZ0","The video is about the coast of Oregon in general and does not specify a particular area, could it be used for this site?","Oregon Coast"]
[622,"Greenwich Bay","US-Rhode Island",41.674,-71.414,"Hypoxic","PROTECT: Bay Conditions Declining August 14, 2008 ; PROTECT: Bay Conditions Declining August 20, 2008","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuTjXK7MHFI ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGIuUz4Z8-g ; ","DuTjXK7MHFI; AGIuUz4Z8-g","This is about Narragansett Bay in general, can we use it for all systems?","Narragansett Bay"]
[624,"Narragansett Bay","US-Rhode Island",41.677,-71.329,"Hypoxic","PROTECT: Bay Conditions Declining August 14, 2008 ; PROTECT: Bay Conditions Declining August 20, 2008","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuTjXK7MHFI ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGIuUz4Z8-g ; ","DuTjXK7MHFI; AGIuUz4Z8-g","This is about Narragansett Bay in general, can we use it for all systems?","Narragansett Bay"]
[627,"Potters Cove","US-Rhode Island",41.579,-71.321,"Hypoxic","PROTECT: Bay Conditions Declining August 14, 2008 ; PROTECT: Bay Conditions Declining August 20, 2008","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuTjXK7MHFI ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGIuUz4Z8-g ; ","DuTjXK7MHFI; AGIuUz4Z8-g","This is about Narragansett Bay in general, can we use it for all systems?","Narragansett Bay"]
[688,"Budd Inlet","US-Washington",47.1,-122.91,"Hypoxic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[817,"Commencement Bay","US-Washington",47.291,-122.449,"No classification given on list","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[690,"Elliott Bay","US-Washington",48.591,-122.368,"Hypoxic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[814,"Port Orchard","US-Washington",47.635,-122.585,"Eutrophic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[813,"Possession Sound","US-Washington",47.214,-123.076,"Eutrophic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[812,"Samish Bay","US-Washington",48.606,-122.516,"Eutrophic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[698,"Saratoga Passage","US-Washington",48.108,-122.49,"Hypoxic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[811,"Sinclair Inlet","US-Washington",47.549,-122.609,"Eutrophic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[700,"Skagit Bay","US-Washington",48.3,-122.44,"Hypoxic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[701,"South Puget Sound","US-Washington",47.224,-122.812,"Hypoxic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[703,"Whidbey Basin","US-Washington",48.17548,-122.45075,"Hypoxic","Saving Puget Sound: A Call To Action; South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study - overview presentation; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jki0gg1jP8g; ","Ov8JZ-6ypSQ; jki0gg1jP8g; ","This is about Puget Sound in general, can we use it for all systems?","Puget Sound"]
[532,"Chesapeake Bay Mainstem","US-Maryland",38.236,-76.176,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay; Chesapeake Bay Pollution EPA; \n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUXgXueymU; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; yIUXgXueymU; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[538,"Jug Bay","US-Maryland",38.768,-76.699,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[854,"Tangier Sound","US-Maryland",38.076,-75.994,"Eutrophic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[677,"Chesapeake Bay, lower","US-Virginia",37.6,-76.3,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[679,"Goodwin Island","US-Virginia",37.219,-76.396,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[681,"Mobjack Bay","US-Virginia",37.262,-76.343,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[531,"Bodkin Creek","US-Maryland",39.134,-76.436,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[533,"Chester River","US-Maryland",39.2,-76.1,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[534,"Choptank River","US-Maryland",38.69,-76.269,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[539,"Magothy River","US-Maryland",39.074,-76.474,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[541,"Patapsco River","US-Maryland",39.2,-76.5,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[542,"Patuxent River","US-Maryland",38.385,-76.512,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[543,"Potomac River","US-Maryland",38.396,-77.094,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[544,"Severn River","US-Maryland",39.016,-76.519,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[853,"Susquehanna River","US-Maryland",{"v":39.54,"d":"39.540"},-76.074,"Eutrophic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[678,"Elizabeth River","US-Virginia",36.838,-76.251,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[679,"Goodwin Island","US-Virginia",37.219,-76.396,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[680,"Mattaponi River","US-Virginia",37.65,-76.892,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[682,"Nansemond River","US-Virginia",36.856,-76.514,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[683,"Onancock Creek","US-Virginia",37.71,-75.76,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[684,"Rappahannock River","US-Virginia",37.6,-76.35,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[685,"Taskinas Creek","US-Virginia",37.414,-76.713,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[686,"York River","US-Virginia",37.475,-76.746,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[529,"Back River","US-Maryland",39.275,-76.454,"Hypoxic","Stormwater PA: Farming with Water Quality in Mind; Streamside Forest Buffers Preserving Water Quality; Missing Critters: \"That's Why We Call it the Dead Zone\"; Blue Crab Disaster in the Chesapeake Bay; Obama's Executive Order Offers Opportunity For Chesapeake Bay; Agricultural Controls are Insufficient for Chesapeake Bay Cleanup; Cleanup Effort, Over Decades, Fails to Restore America's Largest Estuary; Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water; Life in the Chesapeake Bay\n","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqG-r-fH0AI; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AoGeVAP6vo; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVc9oX2USaE; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kKlt8aw_5g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eEB9wWnydw; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnOfYID1m4; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIxEOW1yn8U; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTuBbuUro4g; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H0nrhM21cw; ","NqG-r-fH0AI; 1AoGeVAP6vo; yVc9oX2USaE; 2kKlt8aw_5g; 1eEB9wWnydw; iOnOfYID1m4; yIxEOW1yn8U; VTuBbuUro4g; _H0nrhM21cw; ","These all realte to Chesa. Bay, but to no specific part, the first two mention PA state, but no more.","Chesapeake Bay"]
[741,"Kuwait Bay","Kuwait ",29.34,47.45,"Eutrophic","Fish Kill Kuwait","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTx8Z73b2t8","dTx8Z73b2t8",null,"Kuwait "]
[176,"Pomeranian Bay","Germany, Poland",54.3,14,"Hypoxic","Poland combats Baltic Sea pollution; Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea; ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TxesHoBz0M; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","4TxesHoBz0M; GD5I0YlpPW8","Deals with the Baltic but primarily on a Polish perspective, so I only chose Polish-Baltic sites.","Baltic Sea"]
[181,"Oder Lagoon","Germany, Poland",54.5,14.3,"Hypoxic","Poland combats Baltic Sea pollution; Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea; ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TxesHoBz0M; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","4TxesHoBz0M; GD5I0YlpPW8","Deals with the Baltic but primarily on a Polish perspective, so I only chose Polish-Baltic sites.","Baltic Sea"]
[315,"Gdansk Basin","Poland",55,19.25,"Hypoxic","Poland combats Baltic Sea pollution; Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea; ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TxesHoBz0M; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","4TxesHoBz0M; GD5I0YlpPW8","Deals with the Baltic but primarily on a Polish perspective, so I only chose Polish-Baltic sites.","Baltic Sea","Are these two the same?"]
[316,"Gulf of Gdansk","Poland",54.583,18.75,"Hypoxic","Poland combats Baltic Sea pollution; Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea; ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TxesHoBz0M; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","4TxesHoBz0M; GD5I0YlpPW8","Deals with the Baltic but primarily on a Polish perspective, so I only chose Polish-Baltic sites.","Baltic Sea"]
[510,"Balize Delta","US-Louisiana",29.398,-88.993,"Hypoxic","Fertilisers threaten Mississippi river - 23 Oct 09; Dead Zone","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqEIZTwiFZA; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n7yyJinlNw;","FqEIZTwiFZA; 3n7yyJinlNw","This is about the Mississippi River so I only included systems related to that river. However, is related to the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone, should we include all of those systems?","Mississippi River"]
[518,"Lake Cataouatchie","US-Louisiana",29.838,-90.229,"Hypoxic","Fertilisers threaten Mississippi river - 23 Oct 09; Dead Zone","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqEIZTwiFZA; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n7yyJinlNw;","FqEIZTwiFZA; 3n7yyJinlNw","This is about the Mississippi River so I only included systems related to that river. However, is related to the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone, should we include all of those systems?","Mississippi River"]
[519,"Lake Pontchartrain","US-Louisiana",30.1,-90,"Hypoxic","Fertilisers threaten Mississippi river - 23 Oct 09; Dead Zone","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqEIZTwiFZA; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n7yyJinlNw;","FqEIZTwiFZA; 3n7yyJinlNw","This is about the Mississippi River so I only included systems related to that river. However, is related to the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone, should we include all of those systems?","Mississippi River"]
[520,"Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Plumes","US-Louisiana",28.678,-91.633,"Hypoxic","Fertilisers threaten Mississippi river - 23 Oct 09; Dead Zone","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqEIZTwiFZA; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n7yyJinlNw;","FqEIZTwiFZA; 3n7yyJinlNw","This is about the Mississippi River so I only included systems related to that river. However, is related to the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone, should we include all of those systems?","Mississippi River"]
[135,"Åland Archipelago Sea","Finland",60.28,19.82,"Hypoxic","46. The Archipelago Sea • Finland","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9ly7JaWtRg","I9ly7JaWtRg",null,"Baltic Sea"]
[691,"Hood Canal","US-Washington",47.64,-122.812,"Hypoxic","Underwater video of low dissolved oxygen event in Hood Canal","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1iv37Yn8bg","D1iv37Yn8bg",null,"Puget Sound"]
[380,"Black Sea NW Shelf","Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria",45.5,30.3,"Improved","Dead Zones Can Be Reversed; Microbial reefs in the Black Sea; ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKfj6tr-7IM; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6tORN44X58&feature=related","pKfj6tr-7IM; P6tORN44X58&feature=related","Black Sea in general, in the first video they mention the Danube watershed, I included both locations from our list.","Black Sea"]
[325,"Sea of Azov","Russia, Ukraine",46.2,37,"Hypoxic","Dead Zones Can Be Reversed; Microbial reefs in the Black Sea; ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKfj6tr-7IM; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6tORN44X58&feature=related","pKfj6tr-7IM; P6tORN44X58&feature=related","Black Sea in general, in the first video they mention the Danube watershed, I included both locations from our list.","Black Sea"]
[800,"Jiaozhou Bay (Qingdao)","China",36.132442,120.225108,"Eutrophic","Algae Chokes Bay That Will Host Olympic Sailing; Green Tide; Incredible green gunk; ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7ZJkd2d8vQ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4IAAa667EM; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHM2nTUFuEw; ","Y7ZJkd2d8vQ; B4IAAa667EM; VHM2nTUFuEw; ",null,"China"]
[568,"Barnegat Inlet/Bay","US-New Jersey",39.77,-74.09,"Hypoxic","Eutrophication and Save Barnegat Bay; Nitrogen and Barnegat Bay; Underwater Dangers For Barnegat Bay; ","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_mY99MB3ew; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5CBCIGAaik&feature=related; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qJSwmZSoNU&feature=related; ","N_mY99MB3ew; M5CBCIGAaik&feature=related; 7qJSwmZSoNU&feature=related"]
[92,"Åarhus Bay","Denmark",56.04,10.56,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[93,"Belt Sea","Denmark",55.5,11,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[95,"Flensborg Fjord","Denmark",54.831,9.788,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[96,"Kattegat (NW)","Denmark",57.509,10.84,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[97,"Kattegat (S)","Denmark",56.139,11.516,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[98,"Køge Bugt","Denmark",55.502,12.363,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[100,"Limfjord/Løgstør Bredn.","Denmark",56.942,9.074,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[101,"Little Belt","Denmark",55.005,10.083,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[102,"Mariager Fjord","Denmark",56.654,9.95,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[103,"Nissum Fjord Inner & Middle","Denmark",56.309,8.262,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[104,"Nivå Bugt","Denmark",56.016,12.623,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[105,"North Sea, SE","Denmark",56.1,7.2,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[106,"Odense Fjord Outer Basin","Denmark",55.506,10.554,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[107,"Ringgård Bassin","Denmark",55.027,10.438,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[108,"Ringkøbing Fjord","Denmark",56.047,8.213,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[109,"Roskilde Fjord North","Denmark",55.946,11.984,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[111,"Skive Fjord","Denmark",56.617,9.083,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[112,"Vejle Fjord","Denmark",55.702,9.676,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[134,"Gulf of Riga","Estonia, Latvia",57.6256,23.5847,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[137,"Gulf of Finland, Deep","Finland",59.82,25.5,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[138,"Inre Verkviken","Finland",60.25,20,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[139,"Neva Estuary","Finland",60.085,29.57,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[168,"Eckernförde Bay","Germany",54.5,10,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[172,"Kalifornien & Schoenberger Strand","Germany",54.44,10.395,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[173,"Kiel Bay","Germany",54.37,10.53,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[174,"Lubeck Bay","Germany",54.03,10.883,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[175,"Mecklenburg Bay","Germany",54.2,11.2,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[176,"Pomeranian Bay","Germany",54.3,14,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[178,"Wismar Bay","Germany",54,11.5,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[181,"Oder Lagoon","Germany, Poland",54.5,14.3,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[182,"Bornholm Basin","Germany, Sweden, Finland",55.45,19.13,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[343,"Arkona Basin","Sweden",54.936,13.833,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[345,"Gotland Basin, East","Sweden",57.5,20.1,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[346,"Gotland Basin, North","Sweden",58.9,20.5,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[349,"Himmerfjarden","Sweden",59,17.717,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[351,"Laholm Bay","Sweden",56.54,12.81,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[353,"St. Anna Archipelago","Sweden",58.405,16.746,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[355,"Stockholm Inner Archipelago","Sweden",59.47,18.78,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[357,"Kattegat (SE)","Sweden, Denmark",56.86,11.46,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]
[358,"Baltic Sea, Northern","Sweden, Finland",57.6499999999999,19.96,"Hypoxic","Algal blooms in the Baltic Sea","http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD5I0YlpPW8","GD5I0YlpPW8","This shows algal blooms in the Baltic with no specific location. I included all Baltic sites just in case. I also included this video to the Polish/German sites above.","Baltic Sea"]

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["The information contained herein should be credited as:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Diaz, R., M. Selman. and C. Chique. 2011. Global Eutrophic and Hypoxic Coastal Systems. World Resources Institute. Eutrophication and Hypoxia: Nutrient Pollution in Coastal Waters. docs.wri.org/wri_eutrophic_hypoxic_dataset_2011-03.xls"]